Creative Computing 1983 03

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GoiapatfRg

the # 1 magazine of computer applications and software

March IM1
vol 9 , tut 3

52.95

In-depth Evaluations:

■ 14 Printers

■ Microfazer

Columns

■ Graphics

■ TRS-80

■ Apple

■ Atari

■ Logo

■ IBM

Word Processors for
Color Computer

■ Color Computer
Disk Drive

■ Data Factory

■ Color Computer
Games

■ TRS-80 Games

■ Paint

Dark Crystal:
A Look Behind
The Scenes

Michael Crichton:
Predicting
The Future

Home

Library

Catalog

Program

TRS-80

Graphics

I

Q 6#£0

t-emr stm 96oacuy>t yxo *29283 (

THE REMARKAE
SV-318 PERSONAL COI

You'll grow into it, not o

© 1983 SPECTRA VIDEO. INC

SV-601 SUPER EXPANDER

The real value in any computer system lies m its
ability to accommodate a large variety of Input/
output devices simultaneously With me oddition of
the SV-601. the SV-316 can Interlace with os many
as seven different devices at one time Although
lightweight, the SV-601 can support a IS* T V
monitor Special front view slots have been
designed to monitor the operation of the different
interface cards that ore connected to the system

SV-903 DATA CASSE*

This feature packed data cassette dr
power from the SV-316. to which it is
connected By using o stereo head, y
data on one channel. and voice or v
other This greatly enhances the usai
stored data Programs such os fore*
tutorials and voice assisted training <
and data stored The data cassette v
be an integral part of your system ev
choose to expand into a disk drive T
cassette even has a built-in condens
you write your own voice support prc

Man has only recently tested the waters of the home
computer age, and he has found the waters to his liking.

But with a brain capable of storing several trillion bits of
information, he will be continually pushing his new found
toy to greater limits. Will his machine live up to this
challenge?

Sadly, many personal computers will become tomorrow s
junk in the attic. The SV-318 is one that will not. Because as
you get better, it gets better. It does so because of its
capability and expandability— both far beyond those of
any other affordable computer.

CAPABILITY. The SV-318 isn't just more capable. It's much
more capable. No other computer at even twice the price
combines all these extraordinary features: 32K ROM
expandable to 96K; 32K RAM expandable to 144K;

Extended Microsoft Basic (the industry standard); even
Standard CP/M BO-column capability so you can
i mmediately utilize over 10,000 existing software
programs. The SV-318 also has a unique built-in joystick/
cursor control— an immeasurably useful feature when it
comes to playing your favorite video game.

EXPANDABILITY. As you become more and more skillful
with computers, you'll love how the SV-318 ''stretches” to
meet your demands (and actually leads you in fascinating,
new directions). For one thing, all eleven of our important
peripherals are available immediately. With mast other
models, you have to wait months. For another, the SV-318 is
beautifully designed to interface with new options as they
become available.

AFFORDABILITY. The SV-318 is not only eminently afford-
able. it's the first true bargain of the computer age! Besides
home budgeting, business applications, word processing,
programming and self-teaching, the SV-318 is the best
entertainment value in town. Not only can you use it with
your TV to play hundreds of different video games, you
can also use your SV-318 with a TV as a drawing tablet or
music synthesizer. In play, as in work, the SV-318 will
continually expand to meet your potential.

Whether you're just wetting your toes in computers, or
fully asail on the waters, the SV-318 is a computer that will
serve you for many, many years. You see, we believe that
even in the computer age, you don 't become an object of
real value unless you're around for a while.

SV-902 FLOPPY DISK DRIVE

This extremely compact, low profile unit uses
standord 5'/« * flexible diskettes its single side
double density configuration allows a capacity of
256K bytes of data (unformatted) Linked to the
Super Expander, the SV-902 is your key to the
virtually unlimited scope of CP/M 0/S as well as a
complete variety of program languages such os
LOGO. PASCAL FORTRAN. COBOL and PL-1

SV 318

PERSONAL COMPUTER

SPECTRA VIDEO INC. 39 W. 37th Street. New York. N Y 10016
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ANNOUNCING
THE END OF
THE DISPOSABL
COMPUTER.

ARE YOU STILL LETTING YOUR PRINTER TIE IIP YOUR COMPUTER?

While your printer is running, your
computer is tied up. You can’t use it
for processing, computing, data entry.
Nothing. All you can do is twiddle
your thumbs until the program is
finished.

Pretty ridiculous.

MKROBUFFER ALLOWS YOU
TO PRINT AND PROCESS
SIMULTANEOUSLY.

You just dump your printing data
directly to Microbuffer, whoosh!, and
continue processing. No waiting.

Microbuffer accepts data as fast as
your computer can send it. It stores
the data in its own memory buffer
then takes control of your printer.

It’s that easy.

THERE IS A MKROBUFFER
ESPECIALLY FOR YOUR APPLE.

Microbuffer II (just one in the full line
of Microbuffers) is designed to be
specifically compatible with an Apple II

computer. An intelligent interface card
with up to 32K of RAM for data buffer-
ing, Microbuffer II features on-board
firmware for text formatting and
advanced graphics dump routines.

Both serial and parallel models have
energy-efficient low power consump-
tion coupled with a high data transfer
rate. Print formatting functions include
Basic listing formatter, self-test, buffer
zap, text screen dump, fully program-
mable control characters and
transparent and maintain modes —

to name only a few.

Microbuffer II is simple to install —
being slot-independent, it slips directly
inside the Apple II in any slot except
zero. The 16K model is priced at $259
and the 32K, at $299.

Other Microbuffer models include
Microbuffer/ E for Epson printers and a
stand-alone, in-line Microbuffer unit to
untie virtually any computer/ printer
combination.

MKROBUFFER FROM
PRACTKAL PERIPHERALS.

So what are you waiting for? Write to
us for more information or ask your
dealer for a demonstration.

When you see how much freedom
Microbuffer will allow, you’ll
understand why it’s so silly to be
without one.

PRACTICAL PERIPHERALS, INC.™

31245 LA BAYA DRIVE
WESTLAKE VILLAGE, CA 91362
(213) 991-8200

MKROBUFFER FREES COMPUTERS.

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VINYL PROTECTIVE DISK SLEEVES

DURABLE: Rigid vinyl construction protects against

constant handling to ensure long wear and tear

c r y. /t, i ; ^ . p ( y -

PORTABLE: DiecSavers are the only portable vinyl
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Compute Prodocte Dwktort

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r>pr s£®*

■■pi

olacS*^*

issue... in this issue... in thi

evaluations & profiles

Printers and Word Processing

1 O Buying A Printer Ahl

How to decide which one is for you

We evaluate and rate 14 printers

0 A Microfazer From Quad ram Ahl

Data buffer saves time

7 2 Rfln t®r Update Linzmayer

Newest printers on the market

04 Word Processing

° 1 With Apple, Diablo And WordStar Mar

Some do's and some don'ts

ftQ Three Word Processors

For TRS-80 Color Computer Norman

Telewriter. C.C Writer and Color Scripsit

101

116

132

136

144

152

160

Epson HX-20 Ahl

Good things come in small packages

Apple lie Goodman

A firsthand examination

Color Computer Disk Drive Steiner

Getting serious with the Color Computer

Data Factory O'Rourke

Foolproof, flexible database management

Electronic Canvas Anderson

Paint, a graphics composer for the Atari

TRS-80 Arcade Games Linzmayer

Six of the best we've seen

Color Computer Games Linzmayer

Bugs, spaceships and raquetball for the Color Computer

Cover illustration by Pat Ruggero.

Mareh, 1983
Volume 9, Number 3

Creative Computing (ISSN 0 097-8140) is published monthly by Ahl Computing.
Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff-Davis Publishing Company David Ahl. President. Elizabeth
B Staples. Vice President. Selwyn Taubman. Treasurer; Bertram A Abrams.
Secretary P O Box 789-M Morristown. N J 07960 Second Class postage paid at
New York. NY 10001 and at additional mailing offices
Copyright 01983 by Ahl Computing. Inc. All rights reserved
Editorial offices located at 39 East Hanover Ave . Morris Plains. NJ 07950 Phone
(201 ) 540-0445

Domestic Subscriptions 12 issues $24 97. 24 issues $43.97; 36 issues $57 97
POSTMASTER send address changes to Creative Computing. PO Box 5214.
Boulder. CO 80321 Call 800-631-8112 toll-free (in New Jersey call 201-540-
0445) to order a subscription

articles

1 68 Tha Dark Crystal Anderson

A look behind the scenes

1 78 How To So,va 8 P/e/e

1 1 w Beyond turtle graphics

1 07 Logo Ideas Lawler

Variables and Abstraction

applications & software

188 ****** The Future Crichton

A program to cast the I Ching

204 TRS **° Graphics Made Almost Painless Crew

Part two: vector plotter

214 Computer Art For The Tektronix Jacobson

Sinusoidal loop no. 2

210 Library Catalog Heilman

Create a computer based home library catalog

departments

0 Input/Output Readers

0 Notices Fee

1 0 Seven Years Ago Ahl

258 Gra P h , Lubar

Part nine: the wrap-up

265 New Products Staff

272 Apple Cart Adams

A speech synthesis program

27 6 0ut P°*t: Atari Anderson

w Light pens to buy and make

284 IBM ,ma 0 ai Fastie

w Most frequently asked questions answered

294 TRS-80 Strings Gray

Spectrums, spirals and Tandyvision

300 Book Reviews Gray

March 1983 e Creative Computing

3

staff

Founder/Editor-in-Chief

David H.Ahl

Editor

Managing Editor
Associate Editor
Editor-at-Large
Contributing Editors

Elizabeth B. Staples
Peter Fee
John Anderson
Ted Nelson

Dale Archibald
Charles Carpenter
Thomas W. Dwyer
Will Fastie
Stephen B. Gray
Glenn Hart
Stephen Kimmel
Harold Novick
Peter Pa yack
David Small
Alvin Toffler
Gregory Yob
Karl Zinn

Staff Writers

Owen Linzmayer
Chris Vogeli

Editorial Assistants

Andrew Brill
Laura Gibbons

Secretary

Nina Zollo

Art Director

Patrick Calkins

Assistant Art Director

Chris DeMilia

Artists

Diana Negri Rudio
Eugene Bicknell

Typesetters

Karen Brown
Renee Cole

Advertising Director

Jeff Weiner

Creative Computing Press Laura Conboy

Claudette Moore

Operations Manager

William L. Baumann

Comptroller

Patricia Kennelly

Accounting

Jennifer H. Shaler

Bookkeeping

Ethel Fisher

Retail Marketing

Jennifer Burr

Fulfillment

Frances Miskovich
Rosemary Bender
Linda Blank
Pat Champion
Susan DeMark
Elsie Graff
Gail Harris
Linda McCatharn
Bridget Maher
Joanne Sapio
Carol Vita
Barbara Worry
Jim Zecchin

Shipping & Receiving

Ronald Antonaccio
Mark Archambault
Bill Thomas
Scott McLeod
Mike Gribbon
Strawvey Montgomery

advertising sales

Advertising Director

Jeff Weiner
Creative Computing
Ziff-Davis Publishing Company
One Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016
(212)725-7957

Advertising Coordinator

Ruth Darling
Creative Computing
Ziff-Davis Publishing Company
One Park Ave
New York. NY 10016

(212) 725-3446

Northern California, Northwest

Jules E. Thompson, Inc.

1290 Howard Ave.. Suite 303
Burlingame, CA 94010

(415) 348-8222

From Colorado (303) 595-9299

Southern California, Southwest

Tom Whiteway

Ziff-Davis Publishing Company
3460 Wilshire Blvd.

Los Angeles. CA 90010

(213) 387-2100

New England

CEL Associates. Inc.

27 Adams Street
Braintree. MA 02184
(617)848-9306

Midwest

The Pattis Group
4761 W. Touhy Ave
Lincolnwood. IL 60646
(312)679-1100

Mid-Atlantic
Larry Levine

Ziff-Davis Publishing Company
One Park Ave
New York, NY 10016
(212) 725-7668

Southeast

Browning Publications
P.O Box 81306
Atlanta. GA 30366
(404)455-3430

Canada

The Pattis Group
1623 Yonge St.

Toronto, Ontario M4T 241

(416) 482-6288

micpofortn

Creative Computing is available on per-
manent record microfilm. For complete
information contact University Microfilms
International. Dept. F A. 300 North Zeeb
Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106. or 18 Bedford
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OH 44691.

where to send it

All editorial material, including article
submissions, press releases, and products
for evaluation should be sent to:

Creative Computing
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Correspondence regarding other Creative
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Correspondence related to advertising,
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Creative Computing
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Creative Computing
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Your help in choosing the correct address
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subscriptions

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Foreign subscriptions must be accom-
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Please allow at least eight weeks for
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attention authors

Creative Computing will not be responsible
for the return of unsolicited manuscripts, cas-
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envelope

4

March 1983 c Creative Computing

PERIPHERAL VISION

F loppy Disk Services. Inc is a contracted SIEMENS drive dealer Do not let the prices fool you. we buy in very
large quantities to get the best price and pass that savings on to you! All systems are of the highest grade
components and our cabinets are custom designed with you in mind! If not 100% satisfied, call us and we will
oromptty refund your money t

W© carry Add-on drives for IBM. Radio Shack. Heath. Apple and most other microcomputers.

Apple II Add on drives $329.00

Apple 8 inch controller 365.00

Apple 80 track dual system 1395.00

Apple dual 8 inch system w/ controller 1250.00

FDD-100-5b flippy' exact HEATH add on 235.00

FDD-200-5 double sided 40 track drive 250.00

FDD-1 11-5 5ms step IBM or MOD 3 Add on 245.00

FDD-221-5 5ms step 80 track DD/DS 350.00

TEC SFD-51B 5ms 5% 48TPI 215.00

FDD-100-8d 8 inch single side DD drive 340.00

FDD-200-8p Double sided 8 inch drive 445.00

Custom 8 inch and 5V4 inch enclosures Call

System packages available for all drives

Dual 8 inch system with EVERYTHING 935.00*

Dual double sided 8 inch system 1125.00*

Single 5 1 /* Heath or MOD I Add on w/ case 285.00*

Dual 5V4 Heath or MOD I 585.00*

lOmb Hard Disk for any computer 2700.00*

CDR controller, allows any combo 8 and 5V4 inch drives to
be added to your H88 or H89 Call

' 8 inch systems require minor assembly Add $100.00 A&T.

All 5V4 inch systems come assembled and tested
t Equipment must be in same condition as you received it.

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Have a disk drive in need of repair? We have expert techs ready to optimize your drives!

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Our cabinets are designed by our
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tool . . . input /output . . . inpui

A Small Disagreement

Dear Editor:

I disagree with a statement which appeared in the August,
1982 issue in the column “Outpost: Atari.”

David and Sandy Small were discussing the speed of the
Atari disk drive. They stated that the serial bus cable and the
write-with-verify slowed down the disk drive access. They
recommended turning off the read-after-write feature of
DOS.

The Smalls state that they have never had an error message
that means the read-after-write failed.

They stated that many of their associates have had errors,
but only on defective disk drives. I find this hard to believe. It
may be that errors have occurred to the Smalls, but DOS was
able to recover, which means that an error message would
never be displayed. The Smalls also stated that the time
spent waiting for the Atari to verify data just isn't worth it.
This is not true.

As with many features of the Atari hardware and software,
the DOS was designed to be easy to use and as transparent as
possible. By providing automatic error detection and correc-
tion logic to DOS, this has been accomplished. DOS will retry
I/O operations 10 times. If the problem still is not corrected
on the tenth try, then an error message is displayed.

Atari includes a section in their manual which tells you
how to turn off the read-after-write feature, but the Smalls
are wrong in recommending this practice to unsuspecting
users.

If the Smalls never have problems with their disk files, then
they are either very lucky or don't do a large amount of
writing to disk.

Bob Duke
1619 -71st St.

Darien, IL 60559

Munching Out

Dear Editor:

While Robert Cashman has described Munch Man in fine
style, I would like to offer him and other users of this TI game
directions to access the Test Model /which should provide
(provoke) even greater enjoyment.

To access the Test Mode, you have 3-seconds from the
time the Munch Man screen appears to type •#•. (Hint:
When the screen says, “Press any key to begin,'' hold the Shift
key down and type 8, 3, 8//*#*).

You know when you're in the Test Mode when the screen
changes and the first prompt asks which round you'd like to
play in. When “RND(0-2)” appears on the screen, type either
0, 1, or 2.

The second prompt asks you which screen you'd like to
play. When “SCN(0-19)” appears, type your choice (from 0
through 19).

The third (and, last) prompt asks you for the number of
Munch Men you'd like to play with.

When “MM( 1-9)” appears, type your choice (from 1 through
9). Note: the computer expects you to type “9” and has
strategy to deal with this choice as you'll quickly learn.

These three-prompts appear on the same screen in the
order described. Be quick about typing your choices for the
three-prompts or the timing will advance the game auto-
matically for you.

And, for those who have difficulty counting (as initially I
did) remember that for the first- and second-prompts, 0=1!

As long as you “win” at any level the game continues to the
next higher level screen (a total of 60). Whenever you do
NOT win, Munch Man automatically reverts to the first-
screen— or, if you want to access any higher levels, you
repeat the procedure to access the Test Mode.

When you “play” the 20th-screen (type 19 , please), be
prepared. Irrespective of the Round (RND 0, 1, or 2) chosen,
you'll be at the supercalif ragilisticexpialidocious level!

J. L. Vaughn
Texas Instruments Product
Support Representative
1 16 N. 8th St.

DeKalb, IL60U5

A Pound of Cure

Dear Editor:

A few months ago I wrote to you, to tell your readers that I
was interested in compiling a book of listed programs for use
in Microcomputer Applications in Medicine. You kindly
published the letter. I had no idea of the response that might
deluge me. I received letters from all parts of America,
Canada, South America, Europe, Israel, South Africa and
even a letter from China. There were early morning phone
calls, picture postcards, packets of discs, bundles of listings, it
was a tremendous response.

Several publishers wrote or telephoned me stating their
interest in publishing the book.

The outcome is that the book is now published by Medical
Software Co., Box 874, Center Moriches, New York 1 1934,
price $80.00

The volume contains medical application programs for
patient scheduling, record retrieval, simple billing, utilization
of equipment, simple statistics; standard deviation calculations
and curve fitting routines.

Programs are still coming in and are being reviewed for the
second volume which should be ready in April 1983. 1 want to
thank everyone again for the tremendous response.

Derek Enlander, M.D.

Associate Director
Division of Nuclear Medicine
Associate Professor of Radiology
New York University Medical Center
560 First Avenue
New York, NY 10016

6

March 1 983 c Creative Computing

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f ices . . . notices . . . notic

Source Code for Authoring Languages

I would like to thank the many people
who have written me concerning my Pilot-
to-Basic translator. As 1 discussed in my
article the translator was created to pro-
vide teachers at a teachers' convention
with a hands-on introduction to Pilot and
not as a full version of Pilot.

Many of the writers have asked for
information concerning source code to
allow Pilot to run on other machines. The
following is a list of the information on
some suppliers. Since I have had no
opportunity to review their products, I
am unable to make any comment on the
various implementation.

Free or Nearly Free

These versions of Pilot are translator
programs that take Pilot and turn it into
either Pascal or Basic. They do not sup-
port storage of student information.

1. Pascal version of Pilot. Program
given in July 1980 Byte article called
“Pilot/P: Implementing a Language in a
Hurry” by D. Mundie.

2. Apple version of Pilot. Program pub-
lished in Creative Computing , October
1982 and on in article called "Pilot-to-
Basic Translator” by M. Smith.

Send $5 plus a disk and a SASE (or
$2.50 postage) to:

M. Smith

304 - 86th Avenue S.E.

Calgary, Alberta

Canada T2H 1N7

3. Apple/Atari version of Pilot. Pro-
grams published in September through
November 1982 Compute! in articles
called “Turtle Pilot” by A. Poole.

Send $3 plus a disk and an SASE to:

Alan Poole

4728 King Rd.

Loomis, CA 95650

Commercial Sources

These appear to be full versions of Pilot
or Pilot-like languages.

1. Cast — written in C and supported
under the Unix operating system. Docu-
mentation seems to indicate that the

license for use includes the source code.
Cost, $795 plus relevant taxes and hand-
ling.

David Clark

UNIX Application Manager
Measurement Concept Corporation
1721 Black River Boulevard
Rome, New York 13440
(315)337-1000

2. Pascal source code (UCSD). Has
been successfully used on DEC and CDC
according to advertisements. Cost, $495
plus relevant taxes and handling.

George Gerhold
MicroPi
P.O. Box 5524
Bellingham, WA 98227
(206) 733-9265

3. IBM compatible assembly language
code — can be customized to any IBM
360/370/4300 compatible system and any
time-sharing monitor (such as TSO)
according to advertisements. Requires
installation by a system programmer.
Cost, $495 plus relevant taxes and hand-
ling.

George Gerhold
MicroPi
P.O. Box 5524
Bellingham, WA 98227
(206) 733-9265

There are probably many other
sources, so ask the manufacturer of your
favorite flavor of Pilot. If those manu-
facturers would drop me a line, I would
be more than willing to generate an article
describing their products and comparing
the described features, especially in the
area of graphics and user documentation.
Send the information to:

Dr. M. Smith

Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta
Canada T2N 1N4

Common Pilot Users Group

This is a group interested in the devel-
opment of C.A.I. using Pilot as a medium.
Provides a list of all members. Contact:
Larry Kheriaty
CPUG

Computer Centre
Western Washington University
Bellingham, WA 98225
(206) 676-3501.

— A/./?. Smith

8

March 1983 e Creative Computing

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all fromC. Itoh, a company known for packing more product into less price, and all distributed
exclusively by Leading Edge, a company known for searching out and providing that very thing.
Which means that one call to one source can get you any printer, any time you need it, for any purpose.
All backed by a full years' warranty from Leading Edge. (Try that on any other line of printers.)

THE PRO'S.

The Prowriters: business printers— and more. The “more" is a dot-matrix process with more dots. It gives you denser,
correspondence quality copy (as opposed to business quality copy, which looks like a bad job of spray-painting).
Prowriter : 120 cps. 80 columns dot matrix compressable to 136. 10" carriage. Parallel or serial interface.
Prowriter 2: Same as Prowriter, except 15" carriage allows full 136 columns in normal print mode.

Parallel or serial interface.

THE STAR.

The Starwriter F-10. In short (or more precisely, in a sleek 6" high. 30-pound unit), it gives you more
of just about everything-except bulk and noise-than any other printer in its price range. Its a 40 cps letter -quality
daisy-wheel with a bunch of built-in functions to simplify and speed up word processing.

It plugs into almost any micro on the market, serial or parallel.

/

THE MASTER.

The Printmaster F-10. Does all the same good stuff as the Starwriter (except, at 55 cps. the Master does it faster.

/ \

Distributed Exclusively by Leading Edge Products. Inc.. 225 Turnpike Street. Canton. Massachusetts 02021.
Call: toll-free 1-800-343-6833; or in Massachusetts call collect 1617 i 828-8150. Telex 951-624.

CIRCLE 193 ON READER SERVICE CARD

There’s something new under the sun. . .

MicrocomputerT)eader’s

software from X\^Digest

Though our software is new, you know our name and our
reputation for publishing excellence. The publication of software
is a natural extension of our commitment to bringing information
and entertainment to people around the world. So when
you buy software from Reader's Digest, you know you'll be
getting the best in clearly documented, truly user-friendly
software from one of the most trusted names in publishing.

Look for software from
Reader's Digest at
your software dealer.

Reader's Digest Services, Inc.
Microcomputer Software Division
Pleasantville, NY 10570

CIRCLE 260 ON READER SERVICE CARD

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CIRCLE 270 ON READER SERVICE CARD

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creative

GOIRpatfRg

The lead article in the January 1976
issue was titled “Building A M1TS Altair
8800.” We noted that we got into trouble
because the solder pads were too close
together on the PC board and because of
the 66 wires which must be soldered one-
by-one to the display /control board. We
criticized MITS for providing only two
programs, one to add and the other to
multiply binary numbers.

Despite our criticism of the Altair we
concluded that “unless some other com-
pany can fight this already well-
established computer kit with a bigger
and better advertising campaign (and not
necessarily with a better computer kit),
then the 8800, the 680 and future Altair
computers will give MITS the micro-
equivalent of IBM's continuing and over-
whelming success."

We had an article, “Beating the Game"
which discussed Edward Thorp's card
counting system for playing blackjack.
This was years before Ken Uston used a
similar method to win millions in Las
Vegas and Atlantic City.

An article on magic squares showed
how to construct n x n squares with many
different properties.

A section on computer chess discussed
different techniques and a tough match
played between International Master
David Levy and a program called Ostrich
which runs on a CDC Cyber 175. Levy
finally won.

A huge 15-page section of the issue had
107 puzzles and problems, many of which
were suitable for computer solution. And
the issue had seven challenging games
including Wumpus-2, Chase and Road-
race.

The back cover ad was for the MITS
Altair 680 ($345 for the kit with IK of
memory). At the other end of the spec-
trum was an ad from Educomp for a DEC
PDP-8 multi-user system for $31,240.

Our new products section had an-
nouncements of three new magazines.
Computer Notes , The Computer Hobby-
ist. and Byte. Although some people con-
sider Byte the grandaddy of personal com-
puting magazines. Creative predates Byte
by nearly a year. □

CIRCLE 173 ON READER SERVICE CARD

March 1983 c Creative Computing

WORD PROCESSING
HAS NEVER JBEEN SIMPLER

Br©derbund’s Bank Street
Writer turns your Apple or Atari computer into a powerful
word processor, with many of the advanced features youd
expect to find only in an expensive business system. Powerful,
yet purposefully simple, Bank Street Writer has no complex
codes to memorize. The screen
guides you every step of the
way. It’s everything you’re ever
likely to need in a word proces-

sor at a price you can afford.

Here are just a few of its many
features: ♦ Add, move, in-

sert and erase blocks of text,

♦ Universal search and replace, ♦ Automatic centering and
indent, ♦ Automatic word wrap, so you don’t have to hy-
phenate or “return” at the end of each line, ♦ Potent print
format routines all in memory, ♦ Disk storage and retrieve

Bank Street

Writer

functions with password pro-
tection, ♦ Document chaining allows you to print documents
of unlimited length, ♦ Page headers and automatic page
numbering — top or bottom, ♦ Highlighting of text, ♦ Upper
and lowercase without additional hardware.

Broderbund’s Bank Street
Writer comes complete with
Tutorial and Utility programs, a
comprehensive reference man-

™ ual and a free back-up disk.

Student approved, the en-
tire system has been exten-
sively tested by Bank Street
College of Education and Intentional Educations.

Bank Street Writer. The ground-breaking, sensible combi-
nation of word processing power, thoughtful design, and
exceptional value.

The First Word Processor For The Entire Family.

Hardware requirement*! Apple version requires Apple 11 or 3.3. Atari 400/800 version requires 48K and BASIC cartridge. Both

Apple II + with 48K and Applesoft in ROM of language card, DOS versions require only one disk drive.

^Brodertxmd Software

1938 Fourth Street, San Rafael, California 94901, Telephone (415) 456-6424

Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Atari is a registered trademark of Atari, Inc.

CIRCLE 117 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Buying a Printer

Background

Back in 1976, we did our first printer
review for the January 1977 issue. It was
of the Teletype Model 43 terminal. In
those days, selecting a printer wasn’t too
difficult. You either bought a used Tele-
type ASR-33 (upper case only, clunk,
clunk, clunk), a new Teletype 43 (dot
matrix, buzz, buzz, buzz) or you jury-
rigged something between your com-
puter and a used printer from a mini or
mainframe.

By the time we did our first printer
roundup (December 1979), it was get-
ting more difficult to choose a printer.
Both dot matrix and fully-formed
character units were available in a price
range attractive to the personal com-
puter user. Nevertheless, prices were
high by today’s standards. The least
expensive printer on the market was the
Integra! Data IP 125 at $799, and from
there the prices rose quickly to $2995 for
a Qume Sprint 5.

Subscribers to Creative will remember
that our review was quite critical. Qume
wouldn’t talk to us for ages after the re-
view appeared and Malibu wasn’t too
happy either. Qume has its act together
today and the Sprint 5 that we berated in
1979 is still in daily service. One could
conclude that it has passed the test of
time.

Those of you who have followed our
printer reviews over the years have un-
doubtedly noticed two things. First, the
reviews have never pulled any punches.
We feel our first responsibility is to the
reader and, in the long run, honest, in-
depth reviews are in the best interest of
everybody — even though some manufac-
turers might be temporarily upset. Sec-
ond, choosing a printer is an
increasingly complicated task.

Part of the reason the choice of a
printer is so complex is that the choice is
so wide. Today over 90 printers are
available in the under $5000 range, and
75 can be had for $3000 or less. Indeed,
narrowing the field to units under $1000
still gives one a choice of 25 or so print-
ers (compared to just two in 1979).

David H. Ahl

But price is not the only variable. One
must consider print quality, print type,
paper type, speed, noise, controls, graph-
ics capability, interfacing, servicing and
longevity.

Unfortunately, this last characteristic,
longevity, is extremely important, but
nearly impossible to measure when a
printer is new or nearly new. Moreover,
a sample of one or two is not sufficiently
large to derive frequency of repair or
length of service figures. Therefore, one
must make some informed judgments in
the area of longevity based on manufac-
turer history and reputation, design of
the unit, number of moving parts, and
the like.

The large number of printers available
and the many more being introduced ev-
ery month make it nearly impossible to
review all of them or even a majority in
one issue, or even 12 issues. Hence, we
chose to review a cross-section of print-
ers, several with new design features, in
this issue. As we have in the past, we
will continue to review printers through-
out the year, sometimes singly and
sometimes in a group.

To select a printer, you should famil-
iarize yourself with printer types,

capabilities, and features. Then when
you see a printer in a store or advertise-
ment you will be able to make an intelli-
gent evaluation of it, both compared
with others in the field, and, more im-
portant in terms of meeting your needs
and budget.

Here we present a discussion of vari-
ous features that will help you to eval-
uate printers.

Type of Print

Basically, type of print falls in one of
two groups: dot matrix or fully formed
characters.

A dot matrix printer uses a vertical
row of wires which strike the ribbon as
the printhead travels across the page.
The printhead usually has either seven
or nine wires. A character is formed
from a matrix of dots, usually 5 x 7 (5
dots wide and seven high) or 7 x 9.
Increasingly, manufacturers are using
other arrangements to produce a more
attractive character set. One novel ap-
proach uses seven wires which are
slightly staggered.

Although dot matrix printers today
are a considerable improvement over
those of just two or three years ago, they
still fall a bit short of what most people
consider “letter quality.’’ Even the best
dot matrix printers cannot produce a
character as precise in detail as a good

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Introducing Snooper Troops '
detective series.

Educational games that turn ordinary
homes mto Sherlock homes.

Where can you find educational
games that your Kids will really enjoy
playing?

Elementary my dear Watson. From
Spinnaker.

Our Snooper Troops detective games
are fun, exciting and challenging. And
best of all, they have real educational
value. 5o while your Kids are having
fun, they're learning.

As a Snooper Trooper, your child
will have a great time solving the
mysteries. But it will take some
daring detective work. They'll
have to question suspects, talk to
mysterious agents, and even search
dark houses to uncover clues.

The 5nooper Troops programs are
compatible with

Apple,® IBM® and
Atari® computers and '
provide your kids with everything they
need: a SnoopMobile, a wrist radio, a
SnoopMet computer, a camera for taking
Snoopshots and even a notebook for
keeping track of information.

Snooper Troops detective games help
your children learn to take notes, draw
maps, organize and classify information
and they help develop vocabulary and
reasoning skills. All while your kids are
having a good time.

So if you want to find educational
games that are really fun, here's
a due: Snooper Troops games are
1 available at your local software
store, or by writing to: Spinnaker
iSP Software, 215 First Street Cam-
bridge, MA 02142.

Spinnaker's early learning
games will help make your children
as smart as you tell everyone they are.

Yourklds are pretty smart
After all, they're your kids.

Spinnaker can help make them even
smarter. With a line of educational software
that kids love to play.

Spinnaker games make the computer
screen come to life with full color graphics
and sound. And they're fun. Lots of fun. But
they also have real educational value.

Some of our games help exercise your
child's creativity. Others improve memory
and concentration. While others help to
Improve your child's writing, vocabulary,
and spelling skills.

And every Spinnaker game provides
familiarity with the computer and helps your
children feel friendly with the computer.
Even If they've never used a comput-
er before.

And Spinnaker games are compati-
ble with the most popular computers:
Apple? Atari* and IBM?

Our newest game, KlnderComp"

(Ages 3-8) is a collection of learn-
ing exercises presented in a fun
and exciting manner

Rhymes and Riddles™
(Ages 4-9) Is a letter guess-
ing game featuring kids'
favorite riddles, famous say-
ings and nursery rhymes.
Story Machine™ (Ages
5-9) lets children write their
own stories and see them
come to life on the screen.

And PACEMAKER™ lets your
children create their own funny
faces and make them wink, smile,
wiggle ears (not your kids' ears,
the ears on the screen), etc.

And we're intro-
ducing new games
all the time.

So look for Spinnaker
games at your local t
software retailer, or by
writing to: Spinnaker
Software, 215 First SL,

Cambridge, MA 02142.

And show your kids
how smart their par-
ents really are.

1

UTtr

Yr

- - }

SPtimflKER -

We make learning fun.

Staple. BM and Atm are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc , intem»t>on*l Business Machines Corp and Atari. Inc. respectively

Buying a Printer, continued...

typewriter can produce. On the other
hand, many dot matrix printers produce
print good enough for routine
correspondence, memos, internal prod-
ucts, program listings, financial print-
outs and the like.

A printer with fully formed characters
is sometimes called “letter quality/*
meaning that it is suitable for most for-
mal business correspondence. Essen-
tially, it is equivalent to an electric
typewriter.

However, just because a printer uses
fully formed characters does not auto-

Dot matrix print element has a pair of
wires leading to each of seven solenoids
corresponding to seven striker pins.

matically mean that it is better (or even
that it produces a better-looking docu-
ment) than a good dot matrix printer.
Just as electric typewriters run the
gamut from cheap home portables to top
quality office units, so do printers, but
even more so.

This wide range of quality is due
mainly to the print mechanism. These

Print samples.

Fully formed characters
10 characters per inch

Fully formed characters
12 characters per inch

Dot matrix printing
10 characters per inch

Dot WAtrlx P**it>tin9
12 Ch*r*ct#*i Per l*ch

Dot Matrix Printing
17 characters per inch

Dot matrix printing

Full descenders

The gypsy queen jumps

Dot iM.tr lx Printlt>9

No d ectndtri

The Q*P*y «u een Jumps

Daisy wheel print mechanism with ribbon
cartridge in place.

An older design of daisy wheel print
mechanism.

are of four types. First is the mechanism
found on manual and older electric type-
writers in which each letter is on the end
of a typebar. This is a cumbersome
mechanism and, because of carriage
movement at the end of each line, is not
suitable for continuous forms. Few, if
any new printers are being produced us-
ing this mechanism — and with good
reason!

Second is the typeball mechanism pio-
neered by IBM on the Selectric type-
writer. Some typeball printers are simply
office electric typewriters with solenoids
installed to pull down the keys. These
are not designed for continuous duty
even though outwardly they look virtu-

Side view of dot matrix print head shows
pins.

ally identical to IBM units built for use
as terminals. Although a few new
typeball printers are being built today,
most are either modified IBM office
electrics or reconditioned (i.e., used)
IBM terminal units.

A third, and perhaps the most popu-
lar, mechanism is the daisy wheel — so
called because it looks like a black plas-
tic (or metal) daisy. (Actually, it looks
more like a chrysanthemum, though I
can well understand why it was not
called a chrysanthemum wheel.) This lit-
tle 4“ diameter wheel with molded
characters on the end of each spike con-
stantly spins, and a solenoid strikes the
correct character when it is at the 12
o’clock position. The wheels come in
plastic and metal. The metal ones have a
longer life (and cost more).

A variation on the daisy wheel is the

thimble design. A type thimble looks
like a daisy wheel that has had its petals
bent down over a small Dixie cup. (I’d
hate to meet the person with a finger big
enough to use one of these babies as a
thimble.) The striker mechanism is simi-
lar to that in a daisy wheel printer.

Print Quality and Style

As suggested above, the print quality
of a dot matrix printer is not as good as
that of a fully formed character printer,
but it is quite adequate for many pur-
poses. Since not all manfacturers use the
same dots within the matrix to form the
same character, personal preferences
come into play. Look especially at the
following letters on different dot matrix
printers to see which you prefer:

W,a,f,g,j,k,p,q,r,w,f,4,5,*,@,$,&

Perhaps the most important element
of print quality, if you are considering
using your printer for outside correspon-
dence, is lower case descenders. Many
people find the absence of descenders
objectionable, and a document produced
without them is noticeably more difficult
to read than one with descenders. How-
ever, if price is your most important
consideration and you use mostly words
without g, j, p, q, and y . . .

In addition to printing the original,
printers are often called upon to make
carbon copies. Like typewriters, some do
this considerably better than others. In
general, on fully formed character print-
ers, a metal daisy wheel, thimble, or
typeball will produce better carbons
than a plastic one. Dot matrix printers
do not count among their strong points
the ability to produce good quality or
large numbers of carbon copies.

You may also wish to look at print
samples on different types of paper. For
example, rag bond watermarked paper
has more texture than “normal” com-
puter paper; this affects the amount of
ink transferred to the paper, sometimes
causing the type to look uneven. If much
of your work will be on paper of this
type, be sure to try it out.

On individual characters, you might

16

March 1983 c Creative Computing

You haven't lived until you’ve died in space.

And here’s your chance.

Software author Peter Fokos has created
Alien Ambush, a space age nightmare. It’s a hi-res,
full-color arcade game, fiendishly written to give
those nasty aliens every advantage.

So if you have access to a 48K Apple* with
DOS 3.3 or a 16K Atari 400/800** with a disk
drive, and you’re hot for some new thrills, Alien
Ambush was written for you. But be warned: it just
got a lot tougher to survive in space.

*Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. **Atari, Atari 400 and Atari 800 are trademarks of Atari, Inc.
Distributed exclusively by Micro D, 17406, Mt. Cliffwood Circle, Fountain Valley, Ca. 92708 (714) 540-4781

CIRCLE 210 ON READER SERVICE CARO

Buying a Printer, continued...

Glossary

Bi-directional : the ability to print with
the printhead moving right to left, as well
as left to right. Eliminates need to repo-
sition printhead to left margin for every
line.

Buffer, the area in which excess data
are stored until the printer is ready to
print them. This area is described by
amount of memory (less than IK is very
small, with 2K about average).

Characters per second, or cps : the num-
ber of characters that a printer is capable
of printing in one second.

Character set: the style of type output
by the printer, also known as the type
font.

Descender: the portion of a letter that
trails below a line. The lower case letters
g, j, p, q, and y and sometimes the upper
case Q have descenders. The fonts on
inexpensive printers often lack true de-
senders.

Dot matrix: a method of printing where-
in each character is composed of an array
of dots, as opposed to fully formed char-
acters.

Electrostatic print : when characters are
etched onto paper using a small electrical
charge.

Friction feed: when the paper is ad-
vanced and held in place by friction be-
tween two rollers. This allows for the use
of single cut sheets of paper.

Fully formed characters : when the
character is formed all at once, upon
impact of a striker, through a ribbon,
onto the paper. This category includes
daisy wheel, typeball, and thimble
printers.

Graphics: the ability to print specific
graphics characters in addition to text.
An increasingly necessary printer
feature.

Hardcopy: a printout.

Horizontal tabulation: the ability to let

the user specify, through hardware or
software, the number of columns per
line.

Impact print: when print is obtained by
the impact of a striker through a ribbon.
This category includes fully formed char-
acter printers as well as many dot matrix
printers.

Ink jet: a new technology wherein a
printhead blows small streams of ink onto
the paper to form the characters.

Laser printing: a state-of-the-art tech-
nology which uses a laser to bum print
onto the page.

Letter quality : an abused term which
once simply meant print quality indisting-
uishable from correspondence prepared
by traditional (typewritten) methods.
Once no dot matrix printing was con-
sidered to be letter quality; new tech-
nology and recent advertising have work-
ed to change this. Undoubtedly the qual-
ity of letter quality is in the eye of the
beholder.

Line spacing: the number of lines per
inch.

Logic-seeking: the ability of a printhead
to discern the quickest route to its next
printing position.

Multipass: the ability for a printhead to
be controlled, through hardware or soft-
ware, to remain on the same horizontal
line, and print on top of existing copy.

Noise: quite simply, the sound a printer
makes. This varies greatly from printer to
printer, and may be significant not only
when a printer is printing, but when it is
waiting to print.

Out-of-paper warning: a small but con-
venient feature of some printers to signal
that the paper supply is out.

Parallel interface: a method of sending
printing codes from a computer to a print-
er or other device, wherein typically one
entire byte of information is sent simul-
taneously. A majority of microcomputer
printers use this approach.

Pinfeed: a method of paper transport
in which paper is pulled through the print-

er by a sprocket with pins, fitting perfora-
tions punched in the paper. Same as
sprocket feed.

Plain paper: usually refers to regular
cut sheet bond, as opposed to roil, fan-
fold, or treated electrostatic and thermal
papers.

Print density: the size of the matrix
used for each character. The more dots
per character, the better the character
will look.

Printhead: the device which houses the
printing mechanism. As opposed to port-
able and older office typewriters, the
paper moves only vertically, while the
printhead usually moves from side to
side.

Print quality: refers to how the char-
acters actually look on paper.

Proportional spacing: refers to the
spacing of individual characters. The font
you are reading now is proportional; an i
is narrower than an m. Printers with pro-
portional spacing capability can create
more professional output. Most daisy
wheel printers, like most typewriters, do
not offer this feature.

Self-test: many printers have this built-
in test feature which simply spurts out the
entire character set.

Serial interface: a method of sending
printing codes from a computer to a print-
er or other device, wherein one bit of
information is transferred at a time. This
is usually slower than parallel interfacing,
and commonly makes use of an RS-232
port.

Thermal print: requires special heat-
sensitive paper that darkens when a hot
printhead “bums-in" the dot matrix. Simi-
lar to, though quieter than, electrostatic
printing.

Tractor feed: very much like pin or
sprocket feed, with pins revolving on a
tractor tread.

True descenders: see descenders.

Vertical tabulation: allows the user to
specify the number of lines to be printed
on a page of paper. — OWL

want to examine ink density, edge defi-
nition, and “fuzziness” with a low-
power magnifying glass. Also, look at
density at both the top and bottom of
the page. Print the same line or short
paragraph for a page or two; the last
lines should look the same as the first.

On fully formed character printers,
look at a dense letter such as a capital M
next to a small character such as a pe-
riod or comma. A good quality printer
will automatically adjust the striking
force so the ink density is the same on
both characters. Beware if the M looks
light compared to other letters and the
periods and commas make the back of
the sheet feel like Braille.

A popular misconception is that all
characters should be in a perfect line.
This is not true. In most character sets,
round letters such as c, e, and o are
slightly larger than “square” letters such
as r, n, and u. The lower case t is not as
high as h or 1. A good fully formed
character printer preserves these nu-
ances, which contribute to a pleasing vi-
sual impression. Since the dots in a dot
matrix printer are always in exact align-
ment, the print lines will be evenly-
printed, uniform, and somewhat boring.

Print Speed

If you are buying a printer for a com-
pany or if you are a very prolific author

18

with a print requirement of a million
sheets per month, a very high speed
printer (900 lines per minute or more)
will be needed. In general we are not
considering these units here, and for
buying advice we recommend you turn
to Datamation or another DP managers*
magazine.

A high speed printer with a print
speed in the 300 line per minute
neighborhood is suitable for volumes of
50,000 sheets per month.

For people who require fewer than
50,000 sheets per month, slower printers
are quite satisfactory.

Some manufacturers publish print
speeds in lines per minute and others in

March 1983 c Creative Computing

COSMIC COMPUTERS

A ATARI *

jnppkz

fc. A

APPLE® COMPATIBLE COMPUTER
AN ECONOMICAL ALTERNATIVE

SYSCOM 2

DISK DRIVES

MICRO-SCI RANA

A2 (w/cont) $369 Elite I (w/cont) $399

A40 (w/cont) $435 Elite II (w/coot) $539

A70 (w/cont) $555 Elite III (w/cont) $679

FOURTH Super (w/cont) $385

APPLE SOFTWARE

BEAGLE BROS PEACHTREE

Dos Boss $17 All Series Cell

Alpha Plot $28 SENTIENT SOFTWARE

Utility City $21 Congo $25

Tip Disk #1 $15 SIRIUS SOFTWARE

Apple Mechanic $21 G orgon $28

BRODERBUND Sneakers $21

Choplifter $25 Kabul Spy $25

Star Blazer $23 Bandits $25

Davids Midnight $25 vv ay Out $28

Apple Panic $21 siRTECH

Alien Rain $18 wizardry $35

CONTINENTAL SOFTWARE PUBLISH.

Home Accountant $53 PFS Report $57

Home Money Mmder $25 PFS Flhng ,37

1st Class Mail $53 PFS: Graph $87

DATAMOST SPINNAKER

Snack Attack $21 Snooper Troops »l $32

EDUWARE Snooper Troops #2 $32

Spelling Bee Story Machine $25

w/Read Prim $28 Face Maker $25

Algebra I $28 STONEWARE

Rendevous $28 0 B Master $158

HAYDEN SOFTWARE D B Master Util #1 $70

Sargon II $25 Graphics Proc Sys. $42

INFOCOM STRATEGIC SIM.

Zork I $28 Computer Baseball $28

Zork II $28 Cytron Masters $28

Zork III $28 Guadalcanal $42

Starcross $28 Galactic Gladiators $28

Deadline $35 Battle of Shiloh $28

LOTUS Tigers in Snow $28

Exec Brief Sys $137 Cosmic Balance $28

MICROSOFT SUBLOGIC

Basic Compiler $270 Flight Simulator $27

MultiPlan $190 Space Viking $35

MUSE Saturn Navigator $27

Robot War $28 VISICORP

Castle Wolfenstein $21 Visicalc3.3 $175

ONLINE MISCELLANEOUS

Wiz & Princess $24 Human Fly $21

Cranston Manor $25 Master Type $28

Time Zone $70 New Step by Step $57

Maurauder $25 Sam (w/DAC) $87

Frogger $25 Ultima $28

Cannonball Blitz $25 Zoom Graphics $28

Screenwriter Prof $135 Sensible Speller $85

PRINTERS

CITOH

NEC

Prowriter

$439

8023 AC

$465

Prowriter II

$649

3510

$1375

Starwriter

$1325

3530

$1595

Printmaster

$1599

3550 (IBM)
7710/7730

$1829

$2319

STAR MICRONICS

Gemini 10

. CALL

SMITH CORONA

$589

Gemini 15

CALL

AXIOM GP-100

$269

MONITORS

NEC AMDEK

12” GRN (JB1260) $115 V300 $139

12” GRN (JB1201M) $155 V310(GRN IBM) $169

12' Color Composite $329 V310 A (Amber IBM) CALL

12” Color RGB $689 COLOR I $310

USI (Amber) CALL COLOR II $650

MODEMS

HAYES NOVATION

Micromodem II $269 Apple-Cat II $299

Stack Smartmodem $215 212 Apple-Cat $589

Smartmodem 1200 . . $519 D-Cat $155

ANCHOR AUTOMATION Signalman I or II $79

ACCESSORIES

. Wico (Joy) $23 Wico (T-Baii) $49

r 800(48K).

$499

810 DISK DRIVE

$428

32K (RAM) (Mosaic) ... $99

410 RECORDER

... $74

32K RAM (Inttc)

$69

850 INTERFACE

$164

32K MICROTEK

$75

400 COMPUTER ....

$219

48K (lntec/400)

$139

Entertainer

... $66

Educator

$112

Communicator

$298

Programmer

$52

Single Density Master

Double Density Master

Double Density Dual

Dbl Sided Dbl Density Master

ADVENTURE INT’L

Rear Guard (D) $18

Saga 1 12 each (D) $28

Adv. 1-12 each (C) $18

Preppie (C/D) $21

APX

Outlaw/How (C/D) $17

Eastern Front (C/D) $23

Fam Cash Flow(D) $17

747 Land. Sim (C/D) .... $17

ATARI INC.

Galaxian $33

Defender $33

ET $36

Microsoft Basic (D) $65

Macro Ass & Edit (D) . $65
Assembler Editor (R) ... $45

Basic Cartridge (R) $45

Pac Man (R) $32

Centipede (R) $32

Caverns of Mars (D) $28

Missile Command (R) .. $27

Star Raiders (R) $32

Conv Lang Ea. (C) $44

Music Composer (R) $31

Super Breakout (R) $27

My First Alphabet (D) $26

Prog 2&3(ea.)(C) $21

Word Processor (D) $107

Pilot (Educ) $98

Touch Typing (C) $19

Home File Mngr(D) $37

AUTOMATED SIMUL.
Invasion Orion (C/D) .... $18
Rescue at Rigel (C/D) $21

Temple of Aps (C/D) $28

Star Warrior (C/D) $28

Star Warrior (C/D) $28

Datestns of Ryn (C/D) .. $15

Dragon's Eye(D) $21

AVALON HILL

Empire of Over (D) $25

B 1 Nuc Bomber (C) $13

BRODERBUND

Apple Panic (C/D) $21

Star Blazer $23

Choplifter (D) $25

Davids Midnight (D) $25

Deadly Secrets (D) $25

Steller Shuttle (C/D) ....$21
DATA SOFT

Text Wizard II (D) $73

Canyon Climber (D) $21

Pacific Coast Hwy (D) $21
Clowns & Balloons (D) $21
KBYTE

Krazy (each) $34

Compu Read (D) $21

Compu-Math Fr (D) $28

Compu Math Dec (D) $28

INFOCOM

Zork I (D) $28

Zork II (D) $28

Zork III (D) $28

Starcross $28

Deadline (D) $35

JV SOFTWARE

Action Quest (C/D) $21

Ghost Encount. (C/D) .. $21

ONLINE

Mouseattack(D) $24

Wiz & Princess (D) $24

Crossfire (C/D) $21

Frogger (C/D) $25

Threshold (D) $28

Ultima 1(D) $28

Ultima 11(D) $44

Jawbreaker (C/D) $21

The Next Step (D) $28

Crossfire (R) $28

ROKLAN

Gorf (D) $30

Gorf(R) $33

Wizard of Wor (D) $30

Wizard of Wor(R) $33

SIRIUS

Space Eggs (D) $21

Sneakers (D) $21

Way Out (D) $28

Bandits (D) $24

STRATEGIC SIM.

Shattered Alliance (D) . $28
Tigers In Snow (C/O) .... $28
Battle of Shiloh (C/D) $28

SYNAPSE SOFTWARE

File Mngr 800 * (D) $73

Protector II $24

Shamus(C/D) $24

Nautilus (C/D) $24

Claim Jump (C/D) $24

MISCELLANEOUS

Ah Baba (D) $24

Miner 2049er (R) $36

Jumbo Jet (R) $37

Kid Grid (C/O) $21

Pool 1.5(D) $24

Raster Blaster (D) $21

Sam (D) $42

Galactic Chase (C) $17

Warlocks Revenge (D) . $24

Visicalc(D) $175

3-D Supergraph (C/D) $28

Starbase Hyp(D) $17

Radio /haek

TRS-80

TRS-80 Model III $1699

2 Drives • 48K

commodore

VIC 64 CALL

DATA PRODUCTS. INC.

IBM P/C COMPATIBLE
CALL FOR LOW PRICE
IBM ACCESSORIES

AMDEK

Color II .. $650

Color III CALL

3” Drives $689

V310GRN $169

NEC

Color RGB (JC1203) $689

3550 Printer $1829

MICROTEK

64K W/Panty $235

128K W/Parity $345

192K W/Parity $449

256K W/Parity $559

MICROSOFT

64K RAM ...!. $255

256K RAM $629

64K RAM Chip Set $135

PERCOM

SS/DD External Drv ... $319
DS/DD External Drv $379

5M Hard Disk $1849

10M Hard Disk $2250

IBM Joystick (TG) $44

IBM Joystick (Kraft) $48

IBM SOFTWARE

Visicalc (256K) $175

Easy writer II $249

Home Acct. Plus $105

1st Class Mail $85

Wordstar $239

Mail Merge $75

Spellstar $125

Supercalc $215

Easy by Denver $529

Tax Manager $179

T I M || $339

Money Decisions $132

Desktop Plan I $225

Data Reporter $170

1.2,3 (Lotus) $339

Visitrend/Plot $225

Visidex $175

Visible $225

Visischedule $225

Bus Forecast Model $75

Peachtree 4 CALL

Zork I, II. Ill $28

Starcross $28

Deadline $35

Temple of APS $28

Frogger $25

Snooper Troop I $31

Snooper Troop II $31

COMPUTERS

TELEVIDEO

802 $2595 802 H

... $4445

NEC

PC-8001 Computer

PC-8012 I/O Unit

PC-8031 (Dual Drive)

$709

$469

$709

NORTH STAR

Advantage

Advantage (5M ByteH.D.)

.... $2595
.... $3799

EAGLE

Eagle II $2329 Eagle IV

... $4299

VIC 20 $177 1530 RECORDER $59

1541 DISK DRIVE $298 1600 MODEM $87

1525 PRINTER $296

v w

COSMIC

COMPUTERS

UNLIMITED

THE ABOVE PRICES ARE FOR PREPAID ORDERS
OROER LINES OPEN MON-FRI 9 am - 6 pm

(714) 861-1265

228 N. PROSPECTORS RO.

DIAMONO BAR. CA 91765

Add $2 00 Shipping per software order anywhere in U S
Add $5 00 Shipping per software for non-U S orders.
P 0 Box or FP0-AP0 Call for cost of Hardware shipping
Calif residents add 6'/?% sales tax Cashiers Checks or
Money Orders filled same day Personal checks require 4
weeks to clear Master Card and Visa OK for software
only, add 3% surcharge Include card no.. expiration
date and signature Prices subiect to change

APPLE IS A TRADEMARK Of APPLE COMPUTER. INC
ATARI IS A TRADEMARK OF ATARI INC
IBM IS A TRADEMARK OF
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES C0RP
TRS-80 IS A TRADEMARK OF RADIO SHACK

CIRCLE 148 ON READER SERVICE CARD

A good quality dot matrix printer can produce excellent graphic images.

Buying a Printer, continued...

characters per second. There is good rea-
son for this since some printers print an
entire line at a time, and, whether the
line consists of one character or 120, it
takes the same amount of time to print
it.

On the other hand printers which
print a character at a time can rush over
a single character line and get on to the
next one lickity quick. So, it is difficult
to compare the true speed of a line
printer with a character printer. In gen-
eral normal business correspondence
and reports have 60 characters per line.
A little arithmetic leads to the “rule”
that, for a 60-character line, lines per
minute equals characters per second.

But what does this mean? Well, a typ-
ist working at 60 words per minute is
typing about 6 cps. A double-spaced
page contains about 250 words. Thus a
60 wpm typist could type such a page in
a bit over four minutes. A 100 cps or 100
lpm printer ought to be able to produce
the same page about 17 times as fast as
our typist, or in about 15 seconds.

Oh, that it were so simple. But at least
it is a good starting point. Complicating
things is the fact that the published
manufacturer speed rating is usually
considerably faster than what a printer
produces in actual service. This is due to
linefeeds, carriage returns, computer
“handshaking,” and perhaps even some
just plain exaggerated claims. Neverthe-
less, since all manufacturer figures tend
to be high by roughly a factor of two
compared to actual service speed, they
provide at least a comparative measure
of speed.

As with cars, package delivery ser-
vices and running shoes, higher speeds
cost more money. However, it is prob-
ably worthwhile to look for a printer
that is somewhat faster than you need
today. There are two reasons for this.
First, inevitably, your print require-
ments will increase. Yes, you read about
an all-electronic, paperless society, but
somehow it always seems to be in the
future.

The second reason to look for a faster
printer than you “need” is that most
printers are not built for continous duty.
A 100% duty-cycle means operating
hour after hour producing pages filled
solidly with letters and numbers. Print-
ers that are run beyond their duty-cycle
capabilities will suffer greatly increased
malfunctions and breakdowns. While
many (all?) manufacturers claim “long
life” for their machines, duty-cycle rat-
ings are often not clearly stated. Ask
about them.

Bi-directional Printing
and Print Buffers

Some printers are designed to print
from right to left as well as from left to

right. This saves time in that the
printhead does not have to return to the
left side of the page at the end of each
line. While it sounds like a neat capabil-
ity, the real time saving is fairly small. A
typical printhead return is accomplished
in about the time it takes to print three
characters, so if you are printing lines of
75 characters, the time saving is about
four percent.

In order to print in both directions, a
printer must have a buffer to store tem-
porarily the line that is to be printed
“backwards.” In some printers, this is
useful beyond permitting bi-directional
print capability, as the buffer is able to
accept data from the computer at a high
speed and with less “handshaking” than
is required without such a buffer. In gen-
eral, this leads to more accurate
transmittal of data. It also lets the
printer proceed steadily at its own speed,
when the information coming from the
computer arrives faster or slower than
the pace of printing.

20

The size of the buffer indicates
whether it will store just one line for bi-
directional printing (buffer size =
length size, say 100 or 150 characters) or
if it will store a page or so. A 2000
character storage capability (about 1-1/3
double-spaced pages) is common.

Characters, Lines, and Spacing

Different printer uses require different
character sets (letters, numerals, sym-
bols). Most printers provide character
sets (or fonts) that include both upper
and lowercase letters, the number 0 to 9,
and a set of symbols. Frequently the
print symbols will not match those on
your computer keyboard. For example,
an up arrow on the keyboard may print
as a left bracket, and so on.

Be sure that the character set on the
printers you are considering will meet
your needs. While print wheels can be
changed to provide a different character
set, you do not want to have to do this in
the middle of a document.

March 1983 c Creative Computing

Pascal
Basic
Cobol
Forth
Pilot
Fortran
Spread Sheet
Inventory
Logo

TRSDOS

Data Base Management
Word Processor
Communication Utility
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Payable
Engineering Utility

General Ledger
Mailing List
Macro Assembler
Education

CP/M

**

Open your doors to a world of SOFTWARE with LNW
computers. You'll get MORE PERFORMANCE' than with
the IBM PC? the Apple II? TRS80 MODEL II or TRS80
MODEL III 4 along with software support of TRSDOS or
CP/M, the TWO MOST WIDELY USED OPERATING
SYSTEMS. This means you. the user, can select from the
largest base of business or personal software.

Standard Features: A serial RS232 communication
port, parallel printer port, Hi-Resolution (480x192)

B/W and COLOR graphics, an 80 character- per-
line screen display along with Quad -density
interface for 5" or 8" floppy disk storage
offering immediate access to 3.5 million
characters, or optional Hard disk

interface to 5 or 10 million characters.

Standard Software: LNWBASIC and DOS PLUS operat-
ing system packages, commanding all the above features,
are included.

The LNW computer will be the key to your success
with the starting price at $ 1695 . 00 , along with a full 6
month warranty.

Dealers: You too can open the door to a successful
product. Call for our special dealer programs:

(714) 544-5745.

£K1

LNW Computers

2620 Walnut Avenue
Tustin, California 92680

( 714 ) 544-5744

CIRCLE 197 ON READER SERVICE CARD

•TRSDOS is a trademark of Tandy Corp
••CP/M is a trademark of Digital Research Corp

1 Performance is based on bench mark test in the JAN 1982 issue of BYTE magazine, pg 54. with LNW80 II as the companson

2 IBM PC is a trademark of IBM CORP

3 APPLE II is a trademark of APPLE COMPUTERS. , ,

4 TRS80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp International orders please inquire for pncing/shipping cost

Vdl FORTH for Atari* 400 800 X/ALPAR ^

Professional Software for the Hobbyist INTERNATIONAL

FORTH has been used for years by ATARI* and others in programming their arcade games FORTH is fast, 1 5- 20
times faster than BASIC, and can make use of every capability for your computer. And it's no longer the province
of the professional programmer! With valFORTH and the additional packages described below, you can
create programs in an afternoon that would previously have taken weeks of hard work!

WHAT? YOU DON'T ALREADY KNOW FORTH?

Then take advantage of our special offer on Starting Forth by Leo Brodie Widely acclaimed as the best
book available on the subject, this entertaining treatment of Forth will make you comfortable with this
exciting language quickly and easily. When you order Starting Forth, you get a free copy of our “Notes
for the valFORTH User,” including references, by page, to Starting Forth.

These are the utilities developed by Valpar International s software
specialists and used to create our commercial software products.

va/ElS®

NEW 1 By Popular Demand’

valDOS Now you can use your valFORTH system to read and write
normal Atari DOS Files created with valDOS or other sources Also in-
cludes valDOS File Editor for creating and reading FORTH Source
Code without “screens ." (Not a general file editor.)

(Over 25 pages of documentation Requires valFORTH )

Coming Attractions

* TARGET COMPILER

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Package contains: fig-FORTH kernel with mathematical and stack op-
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editor AND screen editor, debugger, sound and graphics commands,
floating point, advanced 6502 assembler, diskcopiers, and much more!
(Over 110 pages of documentation)

GENERAL
UTILITIES AND
•JJDEQ EDITOR

Utilities: 4 array types, 4 case types, text on graphics 8, extensive string
manipulation and keyboard input, STICK & PADDLE, randoms, bit
manipulation, and much, much more.

Editor: fast, powerful, complete valFORTH screen editor 1 . 1 A profes-
sional-quality tool that makes editing a pleasure.

(Over 60 pages of documentation Requires valFORTH.)

CrliliVilCfcil

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Player-Missile: Create, move, color, change images of and bound
players and missiles with high level commands Full support of 5th
player, multicolor players, etc. etc All critical sections in machine code
Character Editor: Compose character sets with joystick. Simultaneous
display of created characters. Make images for players and missiles.
Sound Editor: Simple independent control of all four voices (one joystick
per voice) and audio-control register. Create any single-setting sound
with graphical and tabular readout.

(Over 35 pages of documentation. Requires valFORTH.)

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Call Toll-Free 800-528-7070 In Arizona call (602) 790-7141

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Fast, simple creation of all types of display lists, with automatic 4K
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VOI*SMArMI<C5..
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All graphics modes supported — even GTIA and “7 + ". Draw and fill

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(Over 35 pages of documentation. Requires valFORTH.)

Text Compression and Anto Text Formatting

A unique, two-part utility!

• Text Compression allows the packing of text into much less space
than normally required. Useful for wordy Adventure games, “artificial
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• Auto Text Formatting takes both normal and compressed text and
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(Over 20 pages of documentation. Requires valFORTH.)

valFORTH alone requires 24K

valFORTH plus one or more packages requires 32K minimum
Memory requirements include 10-12K working space
All products are now on non-protected disks
Over 350 pages of detailed documentation!

valFORTH $45.00

General Utilities and Video Editor 40.00

Player Missile Graphics. Character Editor, and
Sound Editor 40.00

Display Formatter 35.00

Turtle and valGraphics and Floating Point Routines 45.00

Text Compression and Auto Text Formatting 35.00

valDOS and valDOS File Editor 45.00

Heavy-Duty Professional Binder (provided free when
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Starting Forth 1 5.95

Plus Shipping and Handling

Alan is a trademark of Atari, toe , a division ot Warner Communications

CIRCLE 281 ON READER SERVICE CARD

VISA and MASTERCARD accepted

Buying a Printer, continued...

Dot matrix printers, because of the
way they produce characters, can theo-
retically produce any character at all.
However, certain characters are “built-
in;” these comprise the character set.

Some dot matrix printers have an op-
tion which permits making characters
double size, bold, italic, compressed, or
otherwise enhanced. This can be done
during printing by having the computer
send the printer the appropriate non-
printing character. For example, an
ASCII 14 turns on double width mode
on the Epson MX80. This sounds like a
wonderful capability (and it is!) but un-
fortunately some word processing soft-
ware packages are unable to generate or
process the required control characters.
Hence, you should be sure that the
printer you are considering is compatible
with the word processing package and
other software you are using or plan to
buy.

Pitch is the number of characters
printed per horizontal inch (cpi) in the
“normal” or default mode. In general
this will be 10 or 12. A higher cpi, say
13.2 as found on the Teletype 43, results
in more words fitting on a page but may
also result in lower readability.

Many printers offer the option of
selecting different cpi spacings. In some
cases, cpi can be changed while printing
by means of a control character (which
your word processing software may or
may not be able to send). In other cases,
cpi can be changed with a switch on the
outside of the printer. On other printers,

Typical printer controls on the outside of
the housing include reset , line feed, form
feed, on/off line and, sometimes, test.

this switch is inside and accessible by
raising the cover or front panel. The
least satisfactory arrangement is a DIP
switch in the guts of the printer acces-
sible only by removal of the bottom plate
or back panel. But before worrying
about the convenience of changing cpi,
ask yourself if you really need to do it at
all.

Printers are also rated in lines per
inch (lpi) which is the number of lines
printed per vertical inch. Standard type-
writers print six lines per inch; both six
and eight lpi are commonly found on
computer printers. As with cpi, many
printers permit spacings other than the
standard.

Paper Size, Feed and Movement

For various purposes, printers may be
required to handle paper of different
widths, continous forms, multi-copy pa-
per, envelopes, labels, etc. Figure out
what you need before you go on your
printer quest.

Fast becoming the standard for per-
sonal computers is continous feed paper
measuring 9-1/2” x 1 1”. When the strips
on each side with the sprocket holes are
torn off, the resulting sheet is a standard
8-1/2” x 11”.

However, some printers accept only
paper that is 8-1/2” wide. Continous
feed paper measuring 8-1/2” x 11” does
not have perforations that allow the
sprocket holes to be removed; this is un-
satisfactory for all but the most informal
of applications.

There are two types of feed mecha-
nism, friction and tractor. Although
sprocket feed and tractor feed are not
the same, the differences are not worth
worrying about. As the name implies,
with friction feed the paper is moved
through the printer by friction against
the carriage and pressure rolls in much
the same way as in an electric type-
writer. This can result in an uneven feed,
particularly when continuous form pa-

For tickets and multiple part forms, a
specialized printer may be required.

per must be pulled from a box on the
floor. Thus manufacturers of many fric-
tion feed printers offer an optional trac-
tor feed mechanism for use with
continous forms.

Another optional feed device available
for some printers is an automatic single
sheet handler. This allows several hun-
dred sheets of paper or letterhead to be
stacked and then fed automatically, one
at a time, into the printer.

Envelope handlers operate in much
the same way as single sheet handlers,
feeding envelopes, one at a time, from a
stack.

It is more difficult to use letterhead or
envelopes in a tractor or sprocket feed
printer. One approach is to attach in-
dividual sheets of stationery to sprocket
feed computer paper and then load it

Additional controls on many printers are found below the top Sometimes switches are hidden beneath the bottom or back

or front panel. panels. You can hope these are rarely needed.

March 1983 c Creative Computing

23

MONITORS

AMOIK

64K Ram

780 KB Disk Storage
Word Processing, Ultracalc CP/M
C- Basic Software
Smith Corona TP 1
Letter Quality Printer
$ 8995.00

Retail Value $4895 00

EAGLE 1 600 . . . CALL

SEC

PRINTERS

8023

7710/7730

3510/3530

MONITORS

JB 1260
JB-1201
JC 1201
JC-1203

NBC

3550 PRINTBR. . . 880

PBRCOM DRIVES

5%" 1 60K Disk Drive $24'

5V." 320K Disk Drive S29 1

AMDBK

31 OA Amber Monitor SI 71

3100 $17

Amdisk |3V Drive) $721

OXY Plotter $751

Color II $691

SOFTWARE

I U S Easywnter II $?41

I U S Easyspelier $121

Peach Package (GL/AP/AR) $411

PROFESSIONAL

SOFTWARE

IBM/PC Word Processing $311

COMPUTERS

8001 A $729.00

8031 $72900

8012 $54900

TIMEX SINCLAIR
lOOO

$ 89.99

$499 00
$2399 00
$1599 00

HEWLETT

PACKARD

TELE VIDEO TERMINALS

910

$57900

91 2C

$699 00

920C

$749 00

925C

$74900

950

$950 00

TELEVIOEO COMPUTERS

800A

$131900

802

$264900

802H

$469500

806

$5495 00

816

$9495 00

803

CALL

1603

CALL

100 BIW $74 95

300G $189 00

300A $17900

Color I $339 00

Color II $699 00

Color II A $79900

Color III $399 00

Color IV CALL

BMC

12" Green $79 99

13" Color 1401 (Mid Res.) $369 00
9191U 13" $32900

ZENITH

ZVM 121 $99 00

Sharp 13“ Color TV $275.00

PANASONIC
TR-120MIP (High Res. Green) . $159.00
CT-l 60 Dual Mode Color $299 00

m

$209 -m

HP 41C

$149 00

HP IOC

$6900

HP 11C

$7900

HP 12C

$114 00

HP ISC

$109 00

NEW 16C

$114 00

PERIPHERALS

HP41 Card Reader

$144 00

HPIL Module

$99 00

HPIL Cassette

$449 00

HPIL Printer

$41900

Quad Memory Module

...$64 00

Time Module

$64 00

Extended Function Module

$64 00

16K Memory Module

$44 95

Vu-Calc

$17 95

Super Math

$12 95

Check Book Manager

$13 95

The Organizer

$14 95

The Budgeter

$1395

Stock Option

$1495

Loan & Mortgage Amortizer

$12 95

PRINTERS

SMITH CORONA

TP 1

$599 00

C. ITOH (TEC)

Sterwnter(F 1 0-40CPS)

$1399 00

Pnntmaster(F 1 0-55CPS)

$1749 00

Prowriter 80 Col (Parallel)

$499 00

Prownter 80 Col (Serial)

$629 00

Prownter 2 (132 Col.)

$799 00

OKIOATA

82A

$42900

63A

$65900

84 (Parallel)

$107900

84 (Serial)

$1199 00

IDE

MicroPrism

$649 00

132 (Fully Configured)

$1599 00

80 (Fully Configured)

$1399 00

Call for other configurations

■TAR

Gemini 10

$37900

DAISY WRITER

Letter Quality

104900

DIABLO

620

$1179 00

630

$184900

CE 1 50 Printer, Plotter and
Cass. Interface Unit. . . $1 72.00
CE 1 52 Casa Recorder $69.00
CE 155 8K Ram
Expansion Module $94.00

HP#85 $1969

HP 125

$1999 00

HP 85 1 6K Memory Module

$169 00

5%“ Dual Floppy Disk

$179900

Hard Disk w/F loppy

$4349 00

Hard Disk

$3549 00

“Sweet Lips' Printer

$121900

80 Column Printer

$64900

MODEMS

Smart

$23900

Smart 1200(1200 Baud)

$54900

Chronograph

$19900

Micromodem II (with Term)

$309 00

Micromodem 100

$309 00

NOVATION

Cat

$144 00

D-Cat

$159 00

212 Auto Cat

$589 00

Apple Cat II

$27900

212 Apple Cat II

$80900

CALL for Price and Availability on

New novation Cat 103. 103/212

and J-Cat.

ANCHOR

Mark 1 (RS-232)

$79 00

Mark II (Atari)

7900

Mark III (TI-99)

10900

Mark IV (CBM/PET)

$12500

Mark V (OSBORNE)

$9500

Mark VI (IBM PC)

$17900

Mark VII (Auto Answer Cell) .

$119 00

TRS -80 Color Computer

$9900

9 Volt Power Supply

$9 00

ft commodore

8032

$103900

CBM 64

CALL

4032

$749 00

8096 Upgrade Kit

$369 00

Super Pet

$1499 00

2031

$46900

8250 DW.Sided Disk Onve

$1699 00

09060 5 Meg Hard Disk

$2399 00

D9060 7 5 Meg Herd Disk

$2699 00

8050

$1299 00

4040

$96900

8300 (Letter Quality)

$1549 00

8023

$599 00

4022

$399 00

New Z -Ram. Adds C P/M 464K

$549 00

The Manager

$20900

Magi*

CALL

Word Pro 5 Plus

$31900

Word Pro 4 Plus

$299 00

Word Pro 3 Plus

$199 00

The Admimetrator

$379 00

Info Pro Plus

$21900

Power

$79 00

CBM 8032 Dust Cover

$14 99

CBM 8050/4040 Dust Cover

$10 99

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F

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ACE 10 with Controller Card
ACE Writer Word Processor

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for Apple. IBM & Franklin

Visidex si 89 oo

Visible $189 00

Visiplot $15900

Visiterm $8900

Visitrend/Ptot $229 00

VisiSchedule $22900

Desktop Plan $189 00

VisicakXApple li .Atan.CBM.iBM) $179.00
Visicorp prices for IBM may vary slightly

CONTINENTAL

Home Accnt. (Apple/Franklin) $59 00
Home Accountant (IBM) $1 19.00

1 at Class Mail (Apple/FrankJin) $59 00

■miUB

Free Fall $24 00

Beer Run $24 00

Snake Byte $24.00

Space Eggs $24 00

Sneakers $24 00

Bandits $2800

■RODIRBUND

Apple Panic $23.00

David s Magic $27 00

Star Blazer $25 00

Arcade Machine $34 00

Choplifter $27 00

Serpentine $27 00

INFOCOM

Deadline $3500

Star Cross $29 00

Zork I $29 00

Zork II or III $29 00

MPC

Bubd.sk (128K Ram) $71900

AXLON

Ram Disk (Apple/Frankkn) CALL

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VIC 64

Peripherals and Software

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Word Processing for VIC 64 $79.95

disk drives
for atari

AT 88-SI $399 00 i

RAMA DISK DRIVES

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APPLE ft FRANKLIN

A2 $29900

A40 $34900

A70 $459 00

C2 Controller $79 00

C47 Controller $89 00

FLOPPY DISKS

MAXELL

MD I (Box of 10) $32 00

MD II (Box of 10) $44 00

FD I (8**) $4000

FD II (8 M DO) $5000

VERBATUM

5 Mi" SS DD $26 00

5 M»" DS DO $3600

ELEPHANT

5V." SS SD $19.99

vic eo

VIC 20 Dust Cover $9 99

VIC 1530 Datassette $69 00

VIC 1540 Disk Drive $339 00

VIC 1541 (64K Disk Drive) CALL

VIC 1525 Graphic Printer $339 00

VIC 1210 3K Mem Exp $32 00

VIC 1 1 10 8K Mem Exp $53 00

VIC 1 1 1 1 16K Mem Exp $94 00

VIC 101 1RS232C Term Interface $4000
VIC 1 1 1 2 IEEE-488 Interface $86 00
VIC 121 1 Super Expander $5300

VIC Mother Board $99 00

400

16K 8199

38K $B74«

48K $359 ;:

•Non Atari Ram

410 Recorder $74 00

810 Disk Dnve $429 00

822 Printer $269 00

825 Printer $589 00

830 Modem $15900

820 Printer $259 00

850 Interface $169 00

CX40 Joy Sticks (pair) $18.00

CX853 Atan 16K Ram $77 95

48K

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Availability of the NEW

B4K ATARI 1 BOO

Axlon Ramdisk < 1 28K) $429 95

Intec 48K Board $ 1 59 00

Intec 32K Board $74 00

One Year Extended Warranty $70 00
CX481 Entertainer Package $69 00
CX482 Educator Package $130 00
CX483 Programmer Package $54 00
CX484 Communicator Package $34400

SOFTWARE FOR ATARI

ATARI

Pac-Man $3300

Centipede $33.00

Caverns of Mars $32.00

Asteroids $29 00

Missile Command $29 00

Star Raiders $35 00

Galaxian $33.00

Defender $3300

ON-LINE

Jawbreaker $27.00

Softporn $27 00

Wizard and the Princess $29 00

The Next Step $34 00

Mission Asteroid $22 00

Mouskattack $31 00

Frogger $3100

Cross Fire (ROM) $36 00

File Manager 800 t $69 00

Chicken $26.00

Dodge Racer $26 00

Synassembler $30 00

Page 6 $19 00

Sham us $26.00

Protector $2600

Nautilus $26.00

Slime $26 00

Disk Manager $24 00

OATASOFT

Pacific Coast Highway $25 00

Canyon Climber $25.00

Tumble Bugs $25 00

Shooting Arcade $25 00

Clowns and Balloons $25 00

Graphic Master $30 00

Graphic Generator $13 00

Micro Painter $25.00

Text Wizard $79 00

Spell Wizard $64 00

Bishop s Square $25.00

Sands of Egypt $25.00

APX

Text Formatter $18 50

Family Budgeter . $18.50

Eastern Front $24.00

Family Cash $18 50

Jukebox $13.00

Downhill $18.50

Outlaw $18.50

Holy Grail $24 00

Player Piano $18.50

Keyboard Piano $ 1 8.50

Number Blast $13.00

Frogmaster $18.50

747 Land Simulator $18.50

Word Processor $40 00

EPVX

Crush, Crumble $ Chomp $24 00

Crypt of the Undead $24 00

Curse of Ra $16 00

Datestones $ Ryn $16.00

Invasion Orion $19 00

King Arthur's Heir $24.00

Morloc s Tower $ 1 600

Rescue at Rigel $24.00

Ricochet $16.00

Star Wamor $29 00

Temple of Asphai $29 00

Upper Reaches of Apshai $1600

CBS

K-razy Shoot Out $32 00

K-razy Kntters $32 00

K-razy Antics $32.00

K-star Patrol $32.00

*

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STAND

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IN NV. CALL (70B)BSS-BBB4, P.O. BOX BBSS, STATE LINE, NV. 89448

INTINNATIONAC oroirSi All shipments outside continental United States must be pre-pakJ by certified check only? Include 3%<minimum $3 00) shipping and handling
■OUCATiONAL DISCOUNTS) Additional discounts are available from both Computer Mail Order locations to qualified Educational Institutions

CIRCLE 138 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Buying a Printer, continued...

A single sheet feeder can be attached to
some tractor and pin feed printers.

into the printer. Peel-off envelopes,
which can be attached to continous feed
paper, are also available. This approach
is anything but convenient and has
driven more than one user to buy two
printers.

A small handful of printers allow
printing subscripts and superscripts. To
do so involves vertical movement of less
than a full line and then a return to the
main print line. This requires control
characters from the computer on both
sides of the sub- or superscript. This
capability is rarely worth the effort and
expense.

Noise Control

Printers are rather noisy creatures
since in most a piece of type or a group
of pins are striking a piece of paper with
a roller behind it. Those with typeballs
or metal daisy wheels are especially
noisy.

There is no common industry
measurement of printer noise (like deci-
bels three feet in front of the printer), so
most manufacturers simply claim their

printers are “quiet.” Some manufac-
turers have gone to great effort to keep
their printers as quiet as possible by lin-
ing the case with layers of acoustic foam
while others have achieved quietness by
virtue of clever printhead design. Still
others have ignored the problem
entirely.

We recommend listening to various
printers in a store before buying one. But
bear in mind that it will always sound
noisier in your office or home (one of
Murphy's unstated laws).

Interface

Most printers have either a parallel or
serial interface, and many have both.
This does not mean that you can nec-
essarily plug a Brand X printer into a
Brand A computer just because they
both have a parallel interface. Would
that it were so simple!

Two parallel interface standards are in
common use, one established by
Centronics and the other by
Dataproducts. But many computer and
printer manufacturers think they have a
better way and do not adhere to either of
these standards.

Serial interfaces also come in two ba-
sic flavors, the old 20 ma current loop
interface started by Teletype Corp. and
the RS-232C interface.

The IEEE also has an interface stan-
dard which is beginning to be offered by
some manufacturers; other groups also
have proposed standards. However, at
the moment there is virtually no
industry-wide agreement.

Further complicating the situation is
the interface cable. On various comput-
ers you will find a huge variety of
connectors — dual 17-pin flat, 5-pin
DIN, 40-pin connector, A-800, C-130,
and on and on. There is less variety on

printers, but the point is that you will
need a cable to go between your printer
and your computer, and it doesn’t gen-
erally come with either unit. Unless you
are quite comfortable reading schematic
diagrams and soldering tiny pins, we do
not recommend making your own cable,
even though you may save more than
half of the typical $25 to $50 cost of a
cable.

Service and Maintenance

There are no perfect printers. All of
them require service and maintenance
sooner or later. However, a well-de-
signed printer is easy to maintain and
should require only infrequent service.
Nevertheless, it is important to realize
that occasionally it will be out of service.
Unlike an office typewriter for which
there can usually be found a spare
around, it is unlikely you will have a
spare printer in reserve.

When the ribbon or paper runs out, or
when the paper feeds incorrectly or
jams, a well-designed printer will stop by
itself and alert the operator with some
sort of audible alarm, visual indicator, or
both. Lightweight paper is more likely to
jam due to enlargement and tearing of
the sprocket holes. If you intend to use a
lightweight 15# paper, be sure to try it
in the printers you are considering.

A printer should be cleaned and vacu-
umed out periodically depending upon
its frequency of use. Paper dust is an en-
emy of the precision gears in the
printhead and paper movement mecha-
nisms and can even hamper the opera-
tion of the solenoids in the printhead. A
$24.95 hand vacuum is well worth the
investment if it saves just one service
call.

When you purchase your printer, it is
probably worth getting two or three ex-
tra ribbons at the same time. Although
ribbons dry out if they are left too long
on the shelf, they come in sealed plastic
packages which should keep them fresh
for at least six months. Nothing is more
maddening than trying to print a fin-
ished business document to send to
somebody important and suddenly
realizing that your ribbon can produce
only a light shade of gray. (We receive
scores of articles from prospective au-
thors printed in light gray. Frankly, they
don't get as careful a reading as those
printed with a good, black ribbon. Per-
haps we unconsciously feel that the care
taken in appearance reflects the care
taken in writing.)

As might be expected, all manufac-
turers claim that their printers are
highly reliable. Unfortunately, there is
no industry standard for measuring
mean time between failure, percentage of
up time per thousand hours, etc. Thus,
manufacturer reputation comes into

26

March 1 983 e Creative Computing

1HLHEAD

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CIRCLE 293 ON READER SERVICE CARD

le Multi Mode Printer with
The Magnificent Fonts

MultiMode Printer
Offers Flexibility

The“Beautiful”Font

. . . At a Sensible Price— $1,995 (Qty. 1)

“Flexibility” means instantaneous call up of any of this trend-
setting machine’s many features whether for word processing,
data processing, graphics or forms generation. Using either of the
two built in interfaces, an external keyboard or downloading
from your computer, you can program the Qantex Model 7030 to
do more.

Compare the “Beauty” of our printed letters for the word process-
ing fonts which include Cubic, Trend, Spokesman, Courier, Italics,
Script, OCR-A, APL, Scientific plus downloaded fonts from your
computer. Draft copy modes include 8 resident fonts — U.S.,
U.K., German, French, Spanish, Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian and
Danish.

Other features include high resolution graphics — 144 x 144,
single pass and double pass word processing, and 180 cps data
processing modes and user defined formats.

Operator initiated, the MultiMode printer provides a complete
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For more information, or a demo, call us about the new Qantex
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‘Registered Trademark of North Atlantic Industries

CIRCLE 235 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Buying a Printer, continued...

play, but even that is a less than perfect
guide since new manufacturers have no
reputation, good or bad, to go by and
established manufacturers may in-
troduce a new design significantly better
or worse than past ones.

We recommend gathering as much
information as possible about reliability
and service from stores, friends, clubs,
magazine reviews, and manufacturer lit-
erature before plunking down your
money for a printer. On a new printer
today, it is reasonable to expect that out-
side service should be necessary no more
than twice a year — assuming, of course,
that the printer is suitable for your vol-
ume of work.

However, you will inevitably need
some outside service sooner or later.
Find out in advance where the printer
must go, or whether someone is avail-
able to come to your premises. Some
manufacturers provide service at re-
gional depots, others depend upon the
local dealer, while still others recom-
mend a “third party“ maintenance
organization such as Sorbus or RCA.

Color Printers

During the past two years, six dot-
matrix printers have been introduced ca-
pable of printing multiple colors. These
use a variety of different printing tech-
niques. One has a ribbon with the first
quarter impregnated with red ink, the
second quarter with yellow, the third
with blue and the last with black. A page
is printed with the first color, then the
feed is reversed and the sheet brought
back to the top and printed with the sec-
ond color and so on. Another approach
uses a wide ribbon with four colors on it
in horizontal stripes; a ribbon position-
ing mechanism is used to place different

colors under the printhead.

Color ribbons are generally available
in both black plus the three primary col-
ors (red, yellow, blue) and black plus the
three primary printing colors (magenta,
yellow, cyan). The first is best for pure,
solid colors (graphs and charts), while
the second is better for color mixing to
produce full-color effects (pictures).

No color printer will produce an im-
age as good as a photograph or printed
picture. However, they are excellent for
producing business charts and rudi-
mentary graphics.

Non-Impact Printers

All the printers discussed thus far
have been impact printers of one sort or
other. There are, however, many print-
ers that produce output without using
any kind of mechanical impact, relying
instead on a variety of clever, non-
impact techniques.

Few of these printers have received
wide acceptance, but each has its follow-
ers and devotees.

Thermal and electro-sensitive printers
share many characteristics. Both types
use sensitized paper usually on a roll
rather than single sheets or fanfold. Both
can produce only one copy at a time.
They are very quiet and relatively
inexpensive.

Thermal printers use heat sensitive
paper which is activated by heat wires or
pins that press against the paper to form
characters. These printers are generally
relatively slow (30 to 120 cps). But for a
basic utility printer in applications
where roll paper and modest print qual-
ity are acceptable, a thermal printer may
fill the bill.

In a similar manner, electro-sensitive
printers use a paper with a special metal-

lic coating. These are faster than thermal
printers (speeds up to 225 cps), and pro-
duce a slightly better quality copy al-
though other metallic objects (coins,
letter opener, pencil, clip, etc.) will leave
marks on the sensitized paper.

The price of ink jet printers has been
plummeting recently, putting some of
them within reach of personal computer
users. These machines literally squirt
characters onto paper from specially de-
signed ink nozzles. The speed and price
range is extremely wide — speeds from 30
cps to 3000 1pm (yes, lines per minute!)
and prices from around $2000 to over
$30,000. Characters are generally pro-
duced in the form of a dot matrix, al-
though ink jet printers tend to use more
“dots“ and thus produce a slightly better
result than a standard dot-matrix
printer.

There is at least one ink jet color
printer on the market. It produces a
somewhat more satisfactory image than
the output from dot matrix impact
printers.

There are three other technologies
used in high end printers: lasers, electro-
static toner (like a Xerox copier), and
magnetic image transfer. Printers using
these technologies generally sell for
$10,000 and up (far up — one laser
printer goes for $300,000) and are aimed
at specialized, high-volume operations.

In Summary

When selecting a printer, the first
thing to do is analyze your needs. What
quality do you need-draft, correspon-
dence, or letter? What volume do you
expect to print, i.e., how fast a printer do
you need? Do you need extra character
sets such as Greek letters, mathematical
symbols, italics, or extended letters? Do
you expect to output graphics? What
kind, graphs or “pictures”? Will your
printer have to handle single sheets,
continuous feed paper, forms, envelopes,
labels or wide paper? Will it be located
in a relatively quiet place where you and
others are working? What kind of com-
puter and software do you expect to use
with it? How much time can you afford?

When you have answered the above
questions, you should start gathering as
much information as you can from as
many sources as possible — friends,
clubs, magazine reviews, advertisements,
trade shows, stores. Try to narrow your
choice to two or three acceptable print-
ers. Then determine for each an accept-
able maintenance arrangement; this is
generally more important than the pur-
chase price.

Remember, in purchasing a printer,
the true cost includes not only the pur-
chase price, but supplies, technical sup-
port, routine maintenance, repairs, and
down time. □

Ink jet print element has seven tubes leading from the ink reservoir to the jets.

March 1 983 c Creative Computing 29

Print About Printers

So you want to buy a printer, eh? Well
you are not alone in that. Nor are you
alone in your probable confusion con-
cerning which printer to buy. Printers are
the fastest-growing peripheral market in
the microcomputer industry today. It
seems as if a new crop of them appears
every six months or so. Print quality and
extra features continue to improve, while
prices continue to fall. That is, on the
whole, quite good news, but it makes the
job of deciding on a printer really tough.
“If I just hold out,“ you may be saying to
yourself, “I’ll be able to get more for
less.” And though salespeople may deny
it, you’ll be right. But you’ll be hurting if
you hold out too long, for every day you
hold out is another day without a printer.
Read on, and decide how long you can
wait.

Just two years ago, a serviceable dot
matrix printer cost about $1000 and need-
ed service on an average of twice a year.
Then the $500 Epson MX-80 made its
debut and changed everybody’s expec-
tations. It was quiet, affordable, reliable,
easy to use, and produced nice copy. It
remains one of the most popular micro-
computer printers.

As Dave stated in the preceding article,
the most important consideration a buyer
can make about a printer is one any
reviewer has a justifiably hard time evalu-
ating: reliability. Until at least a few
months have passed, it is nearly impos-
sible to make a fair judgment regarding
the reliability of a printer. As opposed to
a computer, which seldom has any moving
parts aside from its keyboard, a printer is
a mechanical contrivance, and therefore
heir to all the potential problems mechan-
ical devices can suffer. It is fair to expect
that a printer will receive at least annual
service, even if it is running just fine. In
that way the owner may ensure that it will

John J. Anderson

continue to do so.

There are certain judgments that can
be made upon first inspection of a print-
er— and, in selecting the right machine,
you must choose the right criteria on
which to base your decision. Here we
look at 13 machines, judge them in terms
of several criteria, and draw overall con-
clusions concerning what a consumer can
expect from a printer within a selected
price range.

To get a firm idea of what one should
judge in a printer, let’s first examine the
criteria themselves.

Type: By this we mean the method of
printing the machine uses. Categories
here are daisy wheel, dot matrix, and ink
jet. Your decision here will depend on
what quality of print you need, and at
what speed you want to produce it. We
will pass no judgment on this criteria,
though we will consider no thermal or
electrostatic printers. The price of impact
dot matrix printers has dropped to a point
where thermal and electrostatic printers,
which require specially treated papers and
are typically lacking in print quality, now
have a markedly decreased appeal.

Feed: This indicates the means by
which the paper is propelled through
the printer. If you are interested in using
bond or letterhead paper, you will require
a friction-feed machine, which handles
paper the way a typewriter does. Tractor-
pin-, and sprocket-feed machines will, in
contrast, allow the use of continuous form
paper, in roll or fan-fold format.
Obviously a continuous format will be
more convenient for high volume printing,
unless you are prepared to pay for a

30

machine that offers automatic single sheet
feed. This option is generally only avail-
able on machines costing over $2000.

Speed: An underscored caveat should
be posted here. Just as the EPA ratings
for automobile mileage in no way reflect
actual road conditions, the speeds claimed
for printheads in no way reflect actual
print conditions. For comparison, how-
ever, the numbers can be helpful in deter-
mining the actual “throughput,” or true
speed at which work is turned out by the
machine. Fully formed character printers
such as daisy wheel printers are the slow-
est, typically having speeds of less than 30
characters per second (cps). Dot matrix
printers can produce rates up to 200 cps,
with print quality decreasing inversely.
The ink jet printer we tested has been
rated at 270 cps, which is quite fast.

Interface: This criterion takes into con-
sideration how easy (or difficult) it is to
hook the machine up for use. Since noth-
ing remotely resembling an industry stand-
ard has yet been adopted, getting a printer
up and running can sometimes be a dra-
matic challenge. The closest thing to a
standard currently available is the famed
“Centronics-compatible” connector for
parallel connection (curiously, no longer
used by Centronics printers), and the
time-honored DB-25 connector for serial
connection. These are the connectors I
am happiest to see when I look at the
hind side of a printer. I am quite fre-
quently disappointed, however. One can
only pray that some time soon a standard
will be agreed upon.

Density: This refers to dot matrix and
ink jet printers only, and specifies the
maximum number of dots that can be
printed horizontally and vertically. The
more dots that are available in a dot
matrix, the better the quality of the print.
Specifications are sometimes given by the

March 1983 c Creative Computing

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CIRCLE 153 ON READER SERVICE CARD

The Seikosha GP-250X: trade-offs for a price.

Printers, continued...

character, sometimes by the inch. A mini-
mum matrix is composed of 5 x 7 dots.

Graphics.: Again, a consideration only
for dot matrix and ink jet printers. Gener-
ally a yes or no question, it indicates
whether dots in a matrix can be addressed
individually to create graphics displays.
Think carefully before you dispense with
this capability— the time will probably
come when you will miss it. For example,
without graphics capability you will have
trouble listing programs that include con-
trol characters.

Character sets: Again, a feature perti-
nent only to dot matrix and ink jet
printers. Specifies the number of built-in
fonts the printer can generate. Typically
fonts are distinguished by their varying
pitches , meaning their widths, which are
measured in characters per inch, or cpi.

Buffer: The amount of text which can
be stored in printer circuitry prior to
actual printing. Some printers offer buf-
fers up to 48K, so that an entire document
can be dumped to the buffer, freeing the
microcomputer to go on to other tasks
while the printing takes place.

Logic-seeking: The ability of a printer
to exercise some flexibility in advancing
to the next printing position. Rather than
an unwavering carriage return and line-
feed at every end of line, a logic-seeking
printer will determine which way is fast-
est, and then take that way. Bidirectional
printing means the printhead can print
from right to left as well as left to right.
This does not always ensure a faster route,
however, as in the example of a list of
numbers running down the left-hand
margin. A "smart" bidirectional printer
would not make a mistake in this case,
but rather print unidirectionally from the
left-hand margin.

Noise: Another warning is in order
here. For purposes of comparison, we
used a noise level meter to measure the
noise in decibels, during printing, one
meter from each printer. We placed each
printer on a noise-deadening mat of foam,
as we assume the noise-conscious con-
sumer would do. The numbers presented
here indicate the results. They are best
used for purposes of comparison only.

Price: This in all cases indicates the list
price of the unit. Quite frequently the
printer can be purchased for substantially
less than the manufacturer's list price,
however.

Overall rating: We have given each
printer a rating of 0-4 stars, based on the
ratio of its performance to its price. This
approach has its faults, but it accurately
reflects our opinion about the hardware.
A rating of one star is fair-poor, two stars
fair-good, three stars good-very good, and
four stars very good-excellent.

With these explanations in mind, let's
take a close look at some printers. Hold
on to your fonts, folks.

Seikosha GP-2S0X

Full Features at a Discount Price

The Seikosha GP250X is an example
of the new under-$500 generation of print-
ers. It offers a tolerable dot matrix print
quality with built-in graphics capability,
and the capacity for paper widths up to
10 inches.

With a claimed speed of 50 cps, the
GP-250X is not a speed demon, but it
does offer a bi-directional, logic-seeking
printhead. We dare say that speed will
not be a major consideration for buyers
of this printer. What will be a major
consideration is that the Seikosha offers
many of the features of much more expen-
sive printers at quite a low price.

Dot-addressable graphics, for example,
are standard, and resolve to 480 x 8 per
horizontal row. A position feature allows
multipass capability.

Indicator lamps signify power on and
error conditions, while pushbutton con-
trols are limited to stop and reset controls
only. One serious omission is the lack of

The GP-250X printhead.

an online/local switch, which would allow
the printer to remain on but disabled.
Whether the printer is on or off, may be a
moot point, however, as paper, once fed
forward, cannot be fed in the reverse
direction. This is annoying, and takes
some getting used to.

On the positive side, the printer does
offer serial and parallel connection. The
serial connection is via a 5-pin DIN con-
nector, while the parallel connection is
Centronics-style. A mode selection switch
on the back of the printer selects for
serial, parallel, or self-test mode.

Commodore offers a version of this
printer as its new 1525 printer for the
VIC-20 and Commodore-64 users. VIC
and 64 owners should be aware, however,
that the unconventional configuration of
the Commodore 5-pin DIN is not compat-

creative computing

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: Seikosha GP-250 X
Types Dot matrix
Feed: Pin

Speed: 50 cps claimed

Interface: Parallel/serial (Centronics
+ 5-pin DIN)

Density: 480 x 8

Graphics: Yes

Character Set: 4

Buffer: 480 bytes

Logic Seek: Yes, bidirectional

Summary: Some trade-offs, but still
a good value

Price: $499

Manufacturer:

Axiom Corporation
1014 Griswold Ave.

San Fernando, CA 91340
(213) 365-9521

32

March 1983 c Creative Computing

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CIRCLE 165 ON READER SERVICE CARD

EPYX Temple of Apshai was the very first computer game
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Printers, continued...

ible with the orthodox pin array on the
Seikosha machine, and so a custom cable
will be required.

The GP-250X offers one English char-
acter set, with the option to expand it
horizontally and vertically. It also offers
special British, German, and Swedish
characters.

As stated earlier, the printer is slow,
and slow form feed bogs it down yet
further. The lack of a linefeed button was
also missed.

The unit is quite compact, and really
quite stylish, though it suffers from a
severe case of “plasticitis." Don’t drop
this baby on a concrete floor— you’ll be
sweeping it up with a broom. In all fair-
ness— you cannot expect such an inex-
pensive unit to be housed in a super-
durable case.

The printer ribbon is in cartridge form,
but the cartridge is one of the harder
ones to change that we have seen. For-
tunately, the manual is quite clear on the
steps involved in changing the ribbon
cartridge. In fact the documentation in
general is very professional, and much
better than we might have expected with
such a unit.

As far as noise goes, the unit came in
with a quite noisy 69 dB. It has a char-
acteristic raspy quality to it as well, which
was judged to be quite annoying. But this
is nothing compared to the paper empty
warning buzzer, which sent us running in
all directions, to duck and cover. That
was a feature we could have done
without.

This review may seem highly critical,
and though the Epson MX-80 probably
remains a better $500 buy, the Seikosha is
not a bad machine for the price. It merits
a rating of two stars.

CIRCLE 400 ON READER SERVICE CARD

I wanted to acknowledge the help of Owen
Linzmayer and Bob Beckman in the prep -
oration of this article.

Okidata Microline 92

A Price/Performance Leader

One of the leading producers of small
personal computer printers is Okidata.
Their newest offering, the Microline 92,
is a compact model which is nicely suited
to household computer use.

The Microline 92 has a base unit sticker
price of $699, making it a reasonably
priced printer considering its performance

Under the hood.

capabilities. The basic printer has four
built-in character sets and a 2K print
buffer, and boasts a top print speed of
160 cps.

When using the 92, you select between
pin and friction feed. If you are using the
pin feed rollers, the printer will accept
only 10” fan-fold paper. The printer can
be loaded from the top as well as from
underneath. There is a small bracket
located on the top of the unit which keeps
the paper from wrapping back down
inside of the feed slot— a common prob-
lem with other printers.

Hooking up the Microline 92 to your
computer is very easy. The printer can be
ordered with either a serial or a parallel
interface. The one we reviewed had a
Centronics parallel connector located on
the back of the unit.

One thing that annoys me about the
Microline 92 is that the entire casing must
be removed to gain access to the DIP
switch on which you select the various
print options. Granted, there are only two
screws that must be taken out, but we
would rather not have to tear the printer
apart every time we want to change an
option.

The printhead has a density of 13 x 7
and can print 160 cps in the data pro-
cessing mode, 50 cps in correspondence
mode. The Microline 92 prints bidirec-
tional and has true logic-seeking func-
tions. Many people believe that these two

creative computing

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: Microline 92
Types Dot matrix
Feed: Pin/friction
Speed: 160 cps

Interface: Edgecard or Centronics
parallel

Density: 13 x 17
Graphics: optional
Character Sets: 4
Buffer: 2K

Logic Seek: Yes, bidirectional
Summary: An excellent value.

Price: $699
Manufacturer:

Okidata Corporation
1 1 1 Gaither Dr.

Mount Laurel, NJ 08054
(609) 235-2600

34

March 1983 c Creative Computing

?57

M, (assgisE f as^tofewB

Take your marble to
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and let it drop. Hope
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You’ll be attacked by
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Satellites and deadly
Dyne-Beam Shooters
and you must stop the
Draynes from deplet-
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you’ll be relieved to
find out you’re still on
earth when it’s over!

A FAST ACTION TYPING ARCADE

AN AN I MATED STRATEGY GAME

piesents

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New Games For Your Apple n From Sirius™

Type Attack. Wavy Navy. Flip Out and Repton packages, programs, and audio visuals © 1982 Sirius Type Attack. Wavy Navy, Flip Out. Repton and
Sirius are trademarks of Sirius Software. Inc Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer. Inc

For more information contact your local Sirius dealer or distributor or contact us at 10364 Rockingham Drive,

Sacramento. CA 95827, (916) 366-1195.

CIRCLE 269 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Printers, continued...

features make a printer fast, but the speed
of a printer is really determined by how
well it handles paper during throughput.
The Okidata performs well in this area.

On the front panel of the Microline 92
there are four buttons, three lights, and a
rotary dial. All of these are clearly
labeled. The button second from the left
is the “select” button. Hitting it switches
you between on-line and local modes. To
set the top of form, hold the TOF button
down and move the paper manually to
the desired position. Hit the form feed
button at any time while you are in the
local mode to advance the paper to the
top of the next page. The rightmost but-
ton is the linefeed button.

If the printer runs out of paper, a red
light on the front panel lights up and the
printer stops. When the unit is on-line,
the light above the select button is lit. So
that you don't have to guess whether the
printer is on, there is an easily visible
power indicator located on the front
panel. As long as the unit is plugged in
and current is running through it. this
light remains lit. The rotary length dial
can be set to any one of ten positions.
User-selectable form lengths range from
3"to 14V

The dot matrix print quality is very
nice compared to other printers in the
same cps range. There are four character
sets, each with 96 characters, and the
lower case letters have true descenders.
In correspondence mode, the dots that
make up each character are very close
together, almost giving the appearance of
fully formed characters. This printer uses
an open spool ribbon which is difficult to
thread and not as easy to handle as a
cartridge ribbon found on other units.

For a printer of its small size, the Micro-
line 92 is rather noisy. The Okidata clat-
tered in with a raspy 72 dB noise level
while printing. Although this is acceptable
for a home environment, we wouldn't
want to be on the phone in an office
while it was printing. When the Okidata
is turned on and waiting for you to use it,
it makes no noise whatsoever. This is an
appealing factor to those who like quiet
while working on their computers.

The Okidata Microline 92 is basically
an enhanced version of the Microline 82
with the control codes of the Microline
84. Special features such as super- and
sub-scripting make the 92 a perfect printer
for the serious beginner. The printer is
light-weight and very compact, and has a
solid build. Its main market will probably
be the home computer owner, since it has
only limited office features. If you are
looking for a reliable, quality printer for
under $700, check out the Microline 92.
It rates four stars.

CIRCLE 401 ON READER SERVICE CARD

MPI PrintMate 99

It Can Still Happen in the USA

The list price of the PrintMate 99 from
Micro Peripherals Incorporated is $749.
That it packs many features and has nice
print quality for the price is all the more
remarkable when you consider that its
place of manufacture is not Osaka, but
Salt Lake City. The PrintMate 99 proves
that this country can remain highly com-

Under the hood.

petitive in the microcomputer printer
contest.

The printer is an impact dot matrix
type with a maximum resolution of 17 x 9.
It has a claimed speed of 100 cps and
features a tractor feed. The paper loads
from the bottom rear, and is more than a
bit difficult to thread. It does not, how-
ever, require a slotted printer table.

creative computing

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: MPI PrintMate 99
Types Dot matrix
Feed: Tractor
Speed: 100 cps

Interface: Parallel/Serial, custom cable

Density: 17x9

Graphics: Yes

Character Sets: 2

Buffer: IK

Logic Seek: Yes, bidirectional

Summary: Good quality text, graphics,
and workmanship

Price: $749

Manufacturer:

Micro Peripherals, Inc.

4426 South Century Dr.

Salt Lake City, UT
(800) 821-8848

36

Unfortunately, interfacing to your spe-
cific machine may be tricky. Serial and
parallel connection is offered, but only
through a highly unorthodox internal con-
nector. Apple owners will note with
interest that MPI sells a cable, card, and
software kit tailored specifically for con-
nection to the Apple. This makes parallel
connection a snap. MPI also offers a serial
interface adapter. Our advice would be
to forego the excitement of wiring this
yourself. Take advantage of the ability to
buy it directly from MPI.

The print quality of the PrintMate 99 is
about average, but the graphics capability
is well above average. The printer seems
to have been designed with graphics ap-
plications in mind. The documentation is
especially thorough in discussing graphics
options.

As for its noise reading, the MPI unit
turned out to be among the noisiest we
tested. If a printer came in under 70
decibels, it passed our informal noise test.
At 71 dB, the PrintMate 99 is among the
four printers that failed, gaining the label
“really pretty noisy.” It is the kind of
printer that stops arguments, shortens
phone calls, and sends the cat into
another room. This is its most disappoint-
ing feature.

The cartridge-based ribbon is not too
difficult to replace, and the change can
be made straightforwardly, without inking
up fingers. The buffer is a slightly shrimpy
IK. We rated the unit at three stars.

CIRCLE 402 ON READER SERVICE CARD

851 0A Prowriter

The Competition Is Running Well

If any low priced printer has a real shot
at the reputation of the Epson, it is the C.
Itoh Prowriter, and it is catching on fast.
The unit we received several months ago
quickly became the favorite of one of our
colleagues. We can comment on the reli-
ability of this machine: in four months of
heavy use, it has yet to exhibit the slightest
problem. The Prowriter is a real work-
horse, deserving of its growing
reputation.

Though we are not wholly sure it lives
March 1983 c Creative Computing

NEC's crisp, clear. high-performance X1203 RGB color monitor, an NEC's classic Jbl20l green monitor, one of microcomputing's

industry standard Also available the JC 121 2 composite video version performance legends Easy on the eye, and the checkbook

Our impressive new NEC dot matrix printer Parallel interface. lOOcps, 2K buffer, pm or friction
feed Stunning performance and compatibility in the hottest new peripheral of the >ear

Give your IBM system some NEC,
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Peripherals from NEC can make almost any
computer system better.

Our sparkling new JC1203 color
monitor is plug and pin compatible with the
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which the entire NEC line has
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patibility is available to
owners of Apple 1 1 ®, Radio

Shack®, and Atari H computers, not to men-
tion our own outstanding NEC PC-8000
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tremely low cost, NEC green monochrome
monitor, the JB1260, perfect companion
for an Osborne B , for instance.
f\ ^ Ask your dealer for a dem-
onstration. Or write us
v - at 1401 Estes Avenue, Elk
^ Grove Village, IL 60007

Productivity
at your fingertips

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Personal Computer Division

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CIRCLE 215 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Printers, continued...

85 10A Prowriter: drew raves. ID5480 Microprism: impressively quiet.

up to its maker's claims of up to 120 cps,
we can report that it is faster than most
other impact dot matrix printers in its
price range. At this speed, it delivers a
crisp and classy 7x9 character set (but
one of seven it can produce). It also offers
bit addressable graphics.

The unit we received had a Centronics-
standard parallel connector, and was
quite simple to get going. A self-test fea-
ture is another added convenience. The
cartridge ribbon is easily replaceable, and
paper handling is about average, with
familiar pinfeed, or friction feed for single
sheets.

The Duffer comes with a slightly paltry
IK standard, and the option to go to 3K.
Front mounted LEDs indicate power on,
paper empty, and on-line status. Push-
buttons allow for manual selection of on-
line/local status, linefeed, and top-of-form

creative competing

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: 8510A Prowriter
Types Dot matrix
Feed: Pin/friction
Speed: Up to 120 cps
Interface: Centronics parallel
Density: 7x9
Graphics: Yes
Character Sets: 7
Buffer: IK, with option for 3K
Logic Seek: Yes

Summary: Sturdy, serviceable,
heavily discounted

Price: S795

Manufacturer:

C. Itoh Electronics
5301 Beethoven St.

Los Angeles, CA 90066
(213) 306-6700

access. These features add to the ease of
use of the unit. The Prowriter is a sturdy
machine, designed to keep costs low while
maximizing reliability. Reliability is a fea-
ture that can't be ignored. The noise level
of the Prowriter was measured at 69 dB,
which is noisy but tolerable.

The documentation is unfortunately
somewhat lacking. Its outward appear-
ance is professional-looking, but the in-
formation it contains is spread all over
the place, in a rather unorganized man-
ner. We will say that nearly everything
you need to know is in there somewhere
(along with lots you'll never need to
know), but good luck finding it when you
want to. It could have been done much
better.

It is probably somewhat unfair of us to
site the reliability of this machine, in light
of the fact that the other printers have
not been around long enough to allow us
to pass similar judgment. But in our opin-
ion it is a judgment worth passing on, and
worth four stars in the bargain. We like
this machine, and recommend it.

CIRCLE 403 ON READER SERVICE CARD

IDS 480 Microprism

Talk About a Look-Alike

Isn't that an MX-80 sitting there? Nope,
wrong. It’s a Microprism 480 from Integral
Data Systems, better known as IDS. And
at a list price of $799, it offers yet another
alternative to its Japanese twin.

The 480 offers most of the same fea-
tures as the Microline 92, MPI 99, Pro-
writer, and oter machines in the same
price range. It features parallel and serial
connections available on a single DB-25
connector. With a matrix density of 24 x
9, the print is very clear and pleasing. We
like a font that includes serifs, as it more
closely resembles fully formed character
type. The Microprism default character
set, while clearly dot matrix, does begin

to approach that most famous of printer
buzzwords: letter quality. And it does so
at claimed speeds of up to 1 10 cps.

Single sheet friction feed, as well as pin
feed are available on the 480. While single
sheets feed well, we found the pin sprock-
et clamps awkward and liable to an occa-
sional jam with fan-fold paper. Perhaps
the paper we were using was simply too
light for this machine.

The unit is a serviceable home printer,
but certainly not a machine one would
place in a busy office environment. It is
on the “plasticky" side, and unlikely to
survive extended abuse of any kind.
Again, these are comments we would
probably make of our venerable mea-
suring stick, the MX-80, as well.

The Microprism was rated at 66 dB,
which puts it among the quietest of the
printers we tested, and makes it far and

creative competing

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: IDS 480 Microprism
Types Dot matrix
Feed: Pin/friction
Speed: Up to 110 cps
Interface: Parallel/serial
Density: 24 x 9
Graphics: Yes
Character Sets: 3
Buffer: 1.4K
Logic Seek: Yes

Summary: An Epson look- and work-
alike.

Price: $799
Manufacturer:

Integral Data Systems
Route 13

Milford, NH 03055
(603) 673-9100

38

March 1983 c Creative Computing

BASF QUALIMETRIC

A TOTALLY NEW DIMENSION OF QUALITY.

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debris away from the media
surface, but also ensures pre-
cise media-to-head alignment.
The result-certified 100%
error-free performance, backed
by BASF's exclusive lifetime
warranty.*

For information security,
tomorrow and beyond, look for
the distinctive BASF package
with the Qualimetric seal. Call
800-343-4600 for the name of
your nearest supplier.

ENTER TOMORROW ON

* Contact BASF for warranty details C 1982. BASF Systems Corporation. Bedford. MA

CIRCLE 113 ON READER SERVICE CARD

BASF TODAY

BASF

Drawattentiontoyourself.

(Write a program for the IBM Personal Computer.)

F

F

Let your imagination take wing.

Think charts. Graphs. Shapes. Images.

Use originality, creativity and color in programs
that entertain. Educate. Organize. Analyze. And
programs that get down to business.

Maybe you’ve written software like that. Or
perhaps you’re thinking about it.

If so, consider this.

You could draw attention to yourself by writing
programs for the IBM Personal Computer on the
IBM Personal Computer. Because all our advanced
features (see the box at right) make it faster and easier
to do so.

Enhanced BASIC already in ROM, for example,
has graphics commands already built in.

And if you write a program using our Advanced
BASIC, you’ll find the DRAW command
particularly appealing. It’s virtually a separate
graphics language within a larger language.

Put your visual together with any of the 128
characters and symbols in ROM for a simultaneous,
tcxt-and-graphics mix.

Have musical accompaniment as well.

It’s easy, because BASIC controls the built-in
speaker with a single command.

Utilize the ten, programmable
function keys. Try F3 to paint.

F4 for lines. F5 for circles. Or
F6 for boxes.

I

IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER SPECIFICATIONS

User Memory Display Screen Permanent Memory

16K-512K bytes* High resolution • (ROM) 40 bytes*

Microprocessor HO characters x 25 lines Color/Graphics

16-bit. 8088* Upper and lower case mode

Auxiliary Memory Green phosphor screen* 1 6 colors*

2 optional internal Operating Systems 256 characters and

diskette drives. 5 Vi" DOS. UCSD j> System, symbols in ROM*

160K bytes or 320K CP/M^6t Graphics mode

bytes per diskette languages 4-color resolution.

Keyboard BASIC. K»scal. FORTRAN. 320h x 200v*

83 keys. 6 ft. cord MACRO Assembler. Black & white resolution:

attaches to COBOL 640h x 200v*

system unit* Printer Simultaneous graphics &

10 function keys* All p< >ints-addressuble text capability*

10-key’ numeric pad graphics capability Communications

Tactile feedback* Bidirectional* RS-232C interface

Diagnostics 80 characters/second Asynchn >n< xis or SDLC

Kxver-on self testing* 18 character styles protocols

Parity checking* 9 x 9 character matrix* Up to 9600 bits per second

•ADVANCED FEATURES FOR PERSONAL COMPUTERS

Remember that these function keys make your
program more “friendly” to the user and, therefore,
more appealing to us.

In fact, if you’re interested in licensing your
software, we could be interested in publishing it.

We could also be interested even if it runs on
another computer. If we select your software, we’ll
ask you to adapt it to our system.

So if you think your software is close to
picture perfect, consider sending it in.

For information on how to submit
your completed program, write:

IBM Personal Computer,

External Submissions, Dept. 765 PC,
Armonk, New York 10504.

The IBM Personal Computer
A tool for modern times

For more information on where to buy the IBM Personal Computer, call 800-447-4700. In Alaska or Hawaii, 800-447-0890.

tUCSD p- System is a trademark of the Regents of the Umverury of California. CP/M-86 is a trademark of Digital Research. Inc.

CIRCLE 182 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Printers, continued...

away the quietest printer we tested that
lists for under $1000. This is probably the
strongest point of the machine.

IDS offers a number of printers, and
this one is not its strongest entry, as we
shall soon see.

We might have rated the Microprism a
bit more harshly, but the low noise rating
succeeded in keeping the printer in the
three star range.

CIRCLE 404 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Smith-Corona TP-1

Hey, Where's the Rest of My Typewriter?

At a list price of $895, which can be
heavily discounted, the SCM TP-1 is one
of the least expensive daisy wheel printers
on the market today. Question: How have
they managed to do it? Answer: By creat-
ing a typewriter with a microcomputer
interface instead of a keyboard. And in
doing so, some very significant trade-offs
were made.

Let's get the bad news right out into the
open, then present the positive side. We
are unhappy about a number of things
concerning the TP- 1— things that make
its use somewhat less than enjoyable.

First, is its infernal racket. Our mea-
sured rate of 71 decibels does not suffi-
ciently impart the sense of dread that
quickly overcomes anyone in the same
room with a printing TP-1. At first it
reminded us of the old clacking teletype
in the city room, with Perry White shout-

Under the hood.

ing “Great Caesar's Ghost" over the din.
This image was short-lived, however.
Within minutes it had dissolved into the
roar of machine gun fire as our boys
clawed inch-by-inch up hill 479. If you
live in an apartment, running this printer
for more than five minutes at a clip will
constitute grounds for eviction.

Ah, and we're only getting started.
Unavoidably tied to this slight problem is
another, the extremely slow speed of the
TP-1. Remember how we mentioned
above that manufacturers tend to exag-
gerate speed claims concerning their
machines? Well Smith-Corona claims no
more than 12 cps for its machine, and
that in itself is generous. So you see, you
must add to the infernal din the eternity it
will take to stop.

creative GompatiRg

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: SCM TP-1
Type: Daisy wheel
Feed: Friction
Speed: 12 cps

Interface: Specify serial or parallel

Density: n/a
Graphics: n/a

Character Sets: replaceable elements
Buffer: 120 bytes
Logic Seek: Yes

Summary: Only if you must have
letter quality at a rock-
bottom price.

Price: $895
Manufacturer:

Smith-Corona

Consumer Products Division
65 Locust Ave.

New Canaan, CT 06840
(203)972-1471

A single-page, single-spaced letter will
take up all of the five minutes allotted to
an apartment dweller before the neigh-
bors organize a vigilante group. Printing
a 40-page document would most certainly
qualify as cruel and unusual punishment.
Taken together, the problems of noise
and slow speed create quite a serious
disadvantage. Though we joke here, in
the long run it is really not very funny.

Then there are the petty problems. Like
the fact that the printer is noisy even
when it is waiting because of a low quality,
high RPM fan that runs continuously.
Like the fact that the printer can't run
with its cover down. Like the fact that
the unit throws off a lot of RFI (radio
frequency interference). Like the fact that
the unit cannot really handle continuous
form paper, must be ordered in either 10
or 12 pitch models, and has a buffer of a
measly 120 bytes.

Isn’t there anything positive we can say
about the TP-1? Yes, there certainly is.
The print quality is impeccable— no dot
matrix printer at even four times the price,
yet comes close to the print quality of the
TP-1. If fully formed character quality is
what you are after, and you cannot afford
anything else, then the TP-1 is the
machine for you.

The cartridge ribbon is a snap to
change. It is about the easiest changing
ribbon we have seen. Likewise, changing
print wheels is quite simple.

Daisy wheel printers are as a rule nois-
ier and slower than dot matrix printers.
They need not be nearly as slow or as
noisy as the TP-1, but for the price, the
unit still merits two stars.

CIRCLE 405 ON READER SERVICE CARD

MPI PrintMate 150G

Salt Lake Strikes Again

At a list price of $995, the PrintMate
150G is the last printer listing for under

42

March 1983 c Creative Computing

FRANKLIN’S BAKER’S
• DOZEN!

13 Good Reasons to Buy

1. Apple* 11-compatible
CP I NT-compatible
128K of RAM

4 . Built-in floppy disk drive

5 . Disk controller

6 . 80 column card

7. Serial interface

8. Parallel interface

0. Upper and lower case

10. VisiCalc* keys

1 1 . Cursor control pad

12. Numeric pad
19. Auto repeat keys

Extras can more than double the price of your per-
sonal computer. Not so with the Franklin ACE 1200.
It s the professional computer system that includes
the extras — and a long list of exclusive Franklin
features that make it the most extraordinary value on
the market today.

the Apple II. And, with the built-in CP/M card, you
can run both Apple II and CP M programs. Franklin s
CP/M operates three times as fast as many com-
peting systems, drastically reducing processing
time for most business applications.

The ACE 1200 has everything you’ll need
to add a color or black and white monitor,
modem, printer, back-up disk drive and
other accessories. You can choose from
the enormous selection of Apple programs
and peripherals because the ACE 1200 is
hardware- and software-compatible with

The Franklin ACE 1200 — the most extraordinary value
on the market today. Call or write today for
the name of your local authorized Franklin
dealer.

Franklin ACE is a trademark of Franklin Computer Corporation.
Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc
CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc
VisiCalc is a registered trademark of Visi Corp

FRANKLIN

COMPUTER CORPORATION

7030 Colonial Highway , Pennsauken. NJ 0810 9 609-488-1700

CIRCLE 168 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Printers, continued...

$1000 we shall consider here. It is in large
part the 15” version of the PrintMate 99.
and rather than repeat the same informa-
tion, we urge readers interested in this
printer to reread the specs of the model
99. We shall enumerate only the unique
facets of the 150G here.

The PrintMate 150G looks like a pavil-
ion left over from the 1965 World's Fair.
It's so big you might consider climbing
into it to load the paper. You'll have to
devote quite a sizeable amount of space
to the printer. But don't worry about
losing desk space, because the 150 is a
bottom-loading-only machine; it requires
a slotted printer stand. (This is, by the
way, a great way to sell slotted printer
stands.)

The printer is about average in most
respects, with a few exceptions. A com-

mand keypad allows swift and easy selec-
tion of alternate fonts, form lengths,
pitches, horizontal and vertical tabs, ver-
tical spacing, and other functions. The
printer responds with musical prompts to
indicate receipt of commands. This input
approach is unique and sensible. We pre-
dict that we will be seeing it on more
printers in the future.

creative computing

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: MPI PrintMate 150G
Type: Dot matrix
Feed: Tractor
Speed: Up to 150 cps

Interface: Specify serial or parallel,
custom cable

Density: 6120dots/sq. inch
Graphics: Yes
Character Sets: 5
Buffer: 2K, optional to 16K
Logic Seek: Yes

Summary: Average features, but
nicely priced.

Price: $995
Manufacturer:

Micro Peripherals, Inc.

4426 South Century Dr.

Salt Lake City, UT
(800) 821-8848

Under the hood.

The unit has no serious disadvantages,
though there is nothing special about it,
aside from the keypad that comes as
standard equipment. We did dislike the
plexiglass cover of the unit, which seemed
a lot cheaper than it should have been.

The manufacturer rates the printhead
at greater than or equal to 100,000,000
characters, which is an impressive claim.
As for noise, the unit measured in at a
very noisy 69 dB. Still, the PrintMate
150G is very competitively priced, and on
that basis, we rated it at three stars.

CIRCLE 406 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Daisywriter 2000

Give Me Your Answer, True

The Daisywriter is our kind of fully
formed character printer. It is relatively
fast, relatively quiet, and relatively smart.
It offers a 16K standard buffer, optional
to 48K. It offers friction feed, with an
option for tractor. Logic seeking, bidirec-
tional printing, and efficient form hand-
ling make it a pleasure to use. And all of
this comes for a list price of a mere
$1395.

We like nearly everything about the
Daisywriter, from its sturdy construction
to its very complete documentation. With
its front mounted controls and a page
length calibrator similar to those found
on the Okidata Microline series, the
Daisywriter would be as at home in an
office environment as it would be, well,
at home. Paper handling is very accurate,
and paper is likewise a snap to load. The
ribbon cartridge looks to be the same as
the one used on IBM Selectric typewriter,
and is just as easy to replace. The noise
rating of the Daisywriter was 68 db, which
was quieter than seven of the dot matrix
printers we tested.

About the only thing that got us down
concerning the unit was hooking it up. It
makes use of a 50-pin edge connection
via a custom cable. Surely they could
have done a bit better than that. Also, the

44

creative computing

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: Daisywriter 2000
Type: Daisy wheel
Feed: Friction, tractor as option
Speed: 20 cps

Interface: Parallel/serial 50 pin edge
card

Density: n/a
Graphics: n/a

Character Sets: Replaceable element
Logic Seek: Yes, bidirectional

Summary: An excellent daisy wheel
unit for the price

Price: $1395
Manufacturer:

Computers International
3540 Wilshire Blvd.

Los Angeles, CA 90010
(213) 386-3111

machine is a little more plasticky than we
would have preferred. Plasticitis is an
insidious disease —it is striking every-
where nowadays.

The print quality, as with other printers
of its ilk, is unbeatable. And unlike the
TP-1, any one Daisywriter can handle
both 10 and 12 pitch daisy wheels.

More than the simple difference in their
rated cps accounts for the fact that the
Daisywriter is so much faster than the
TP-1. The Daisywriter is smarter and
handles paper much faster— these are
considerations for which cps has not been
known to account.

How unfair of us, you may be declaring
aloud, to compare the TP-1 so unfav-
orably with the Daisywriter, without
taking into account the disparity in their
costs. The point is well-taken. What we
are attempting to argue for is the follow-
ing: if for your purposes true letter quality
is mandatory, make the expenditure not
only for letter quality, but for printer
quality as well. The features available in
the Daisywriter would have cost well over
$2000 only about a year ago. They are
well worth the cost of a Daisywriter.

If it had a Centronics connector, or a
little less plastic and a little more metal,
we would have rated it at four stars. As it
is, it receives a well-deserved three.

CIRCLE 407 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Okidata Microiine 84

Old, but not Great

As was the case with the MPI machines,
the Microline 84 is the big brother of the
Microline 92, offering many of the same
features along with 15” paper capability.

March 1983 0 Creative Computing

Now our $29.95 complete Pascal for CP/M is an even better bargain

WHAT THEY SAID ABOUT
JRT PASCAL 2.0:

CREATIVE COMPUTING, Nov. 82 "... While
there is no such thing as a free lunch/
JRT Pascal at $29 95 (which includes
postage) certainly allows the user to
experience champagne and caviar
at cafeteria prices..."

INTERFACE AGE, Oct . 82 ...JRT Pascal is
following the example set by Software
Toolworks (Sherman Oaks, CA) of
offering quality software at extremely
low price..."

INFOWORLD, Aug. 16, 82 The magazines
Software Report Card’ rated JRT's

documentation good' and performance,
ease of use and error handling
excellent' -the highest rating.

AND NOW: JRT PASCAL 3.0—
with all the features that earned 2.0 so
much praise— PLUS the many new features
shown here. The price? — still just $29.95!
This astonishing price includes the complete
JRT Pascal system on diskettes and the
new expanded user manual. Not a subset,
it’s a complete Pascal for CP/M.*

Faster and more reliable than ever,
for beginner or expert, engineer or busi-
nessman. JRT Pascal 3.0 provides a set
of features unequaled by any other Pascal...
or any other language.

OU R NO-RISK OFFER:

When you receive JRT Pascal 3.0, look
it over, check it out, compare it with similar
systems costing ten times as much. If you're
not completely satisfied, return it — with the
sealed diskettes unopened— within 30 days,
and your money will be refunded in full.
That’s right: satisfaction guaranteed or your
money back!

A JRT bonus: if you want to copy the
diskettes or manual— so long as it’s not for
resale— that's o.k. with us. Pass it on to your
friends. But don't delay Send the coupon or
phone today and start enjoying the Pascal
advantage; at $29.95, there's no reason
to wait !

Extended CASE statement

NEW

Handy JRT Pascal
reference card

anncxncng

QewjRTBi

Separate compilation
of auto-loading
external procedures

Fast one-step compiler;
no link needed

Efficient compiler needs
only 85K diskette space

NEW Full support
for indexed files

NEW CRT screen
formatting and
full cursor control

NEW Facilities for
formatting printed
reports

Graphing

procedures

Statistic procedures

14 digit BCD
FLOATING POINT
arithmetic

Ttue dynamic
storage

Advanced
assembly interface

NEW

File variables 1
and GET/PUT

NEW

Dynamic arrays

Random files
to 8 megabytes
with variable
length records

64 K dynamic strings

Activity analyzer
prints program use
histogram

No limits on procedure
size, nesting or recursion

More than 200
verbal error messages

Maximum program size:
more than 200.000 lines

NEW 175-page user manual
with protective 3-ring binder
and 5-1/4" or 8" diskettes

NEW SEARCH procedure
for fast table look-up

only

J7TfreC/\L3D

$ 2995 !

Send or

to JRT SYSTEMS phone 415/566-5100

550 Irving Street/El
San Francisco, CA 94122

Here’s my $29.95; please send me JRT Pascal. I understand that if I'm
not completely satisfied, I can return it within 30 days — with the sealed
diskettes unopened— for a full refund. (Allow 2-3 weeks for shipping.)

I need the 5-1/4" diskettes for □ Apple CP/M; □ Heath, Hard Sector;

□ Heath, Soft Sector; □ Northstar; □ Osborne; □ Superbrain;

□ Televideo; □ Xerox 820. I need □ 8" SSD diskettes.

Name

Address

City State Zip

□ Check □ C.O.D. □ MasterCard □ VISA

(CA residents add sales tax Add $6 for shipping outside North America )

Card # Exp

Signature

*CP/M is a Digital Research TM A S6K CP/M system is required.

CIRCLE 189 ON READER SERVICE CARD

TWRAMBOW
PERSONAL
COMPUTER HAS
DEPENDABILITY
WRITTEN AU
OVER It

IT'S THE COMPLETE SYSTEM FOR COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.

Unlike other personal computers, the Rainbow 100™ doesn’t end
with just a terminal and keyboard. It includes the printer, the disc drive —
even the software. And you can get it all from Digital Equipment Corpora-
tion, the second laigest computer company in worldwide sales. You know
you can depend on Rainbow for complete solutions.

You can expect the best support, too. Digital has assembled the
most complete service program in personal computers. We not only back
up our hardware, we provide certified software, too. That’s a combination
you won’t find anywhere else in the industry.

Therds more. Rainbow is the first personal computer
that can switch automatically from the popular 8-bit software
to the more powerful

16-bit software. This,
plus the Rainbow^
ability to run the
widely-used CP/M*
software, gives you
tremendous flexibility
in the type and
number of programs
you can use.

Theres no

better personal computer for the individual who wants to increase his
business productivity and simplify his life at the same time.

Find out why Rainbow spells success for you. Call 1-800-DIGITAL
for a free information kit and the nearest place where you can see it
in person.

IBDSII

CWH * a ftfpinvd indrfnart nfDqptzl tawli. Inc. © Digital Equipment Corporation 198}

Printers, continued...

Daisy writer 2000: another winner.

Okidata Microline 84: overpriced?

Rather than lauching into a rehash. We
suggest you take a look back at the 92
review to recall the major capabilities
offered by this machine.

The most special feature of the 84 is its
overhead tractors, which greatly facilitate
paper positioning. This tractor assembly
is shipped as a part of the standard pack-
age, but is left as an option to be installed
by the user. If you will be feeding only
cut sheets into the printer, you will not
need the tractor assembly. But for con-
tinuous forms, installation is absolutely
necessary. It takes only a few minutes
and is well explained in the documenta-
tion.

As with the 92, the ribbon is spool
mounted, making a ribbon change some-
what inconvenient. Paper feed can be
from the back or through a slot on the

creative computing

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: Microline 84
Type: Dot matrix
Feed: Pin/friction
Speed: Up to 200 cps
Interface: Centronics parallel
Density: 9x9
Graphics: Yes

Character Sets: 10, even speaks
TRS-80

Buffer: 2K

Logic Seek: Yes, bidirectional

Summary: If only it were quieter and
cheaper
Price: S1395
Manufacturer:

Okidata Corporation
1 1 1 Gaither Dr.

Mount Laurel, NJ 08054
(609) 235-2600

L «*»!■»

1

11

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Parle z-vous TRS-80?

bottom of the printer. This is a good
feature; it is always advantageous to offer
the user a choice. A single sheet feeder is
also an available option, at extra cost.

The manual wins this year’s “Most hum-
orous Moment in Printer Documentation”
award, in listing “TRS-80” alongside some
other well-known languages (see Figure
1 ).

The machine is sturdily built in almost
every respect, with the exception of the

Under the hood.

flimsy platen advance knob, which looks
apt to break off in the user’s hand.

The Microline 84 is an extremely noisy
machine. It rated a cacaphonous 75 deci-
bel in our test, and had that raspy quality
reminiscent of fingernails on a black-
board. That, combined with the rather
steep list price, held the Microline 84
down to two stars. If it were to fall below
SI 100 and 70 dB, it could gain the other
two.

CIRCLE 408 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Integral Data System
Prism 1 32 Printer

One of the newest advances in the
home computer field is the introduction
of four-color printers. The Prism 132
printer from IDS has the ability to make
hardcopy screen dumps of hi-res color
graphics in addition to producing high
quality character printouts.

The 132-column Prism we reviewed
came equipped with two options which
make it possible to use the color graphics
capabilities of the printer. These options
are the Prism Color board, and the Dot
Plot Graphics chip. Combined, these two
options boost the cost of the printer by
$498.

The Prism Color option gives you the
ability to print standard text in any of the
selectable fonts, using a four-color ribbon
for highlighting or emphasis. The Dot Plot
Graphics option can be coupled with
Prism Color to allow you to print color
dot-addressable graphics. Neither option
is needed to run the Prism as a regular
printer.

The basic unit price of the Prism 132
was recently raised to $1499 because the
new printers have been enhanced by the
addition of extra features. One reason for
this increase is that new Prism print buf-
fers have been enlarged to 3.4K. In ad-
dition, IDS has made their Sprint speed-
up option standard on all modes. The
manufacturer claims that with the Sprint
kit installed and selected, the printer can
spit out 200 characters per second. This
is quite an improvement considering that
the old unit had a 110-150 cps ceiling.

The Prism 132 offers both serial and
parallel interfaces using a single DB-25
connector located on the back of the
system. When properly interfaced to a
microcomputer, the Prism is simple to
use and understand. The adjustable trac-
tors can be set to accept paper from 3”to
15”in width making it possible to print on
mailing labels, as well as the largest fan-

48

March 1983 c Creative Computing

There are five good reasons
to buy the new HP-86.

And they’re all
solutions.

• Spreadsheet
analysis solutions.

• Letter, memo, and
report solutions.

• Information manage
ment solutions. • Pre-
sentation graphics
solutions. * Data
communications
solutions.

If you need

more, check out our
600-page Software
Catalog, for every-
thing from accounting
and finance to electri-
cal engineering.

Put that together
with the modular config-
uration of the HP-86,
and you’ve got a
machine designed
to expand as your
needs expand.

And 500 good.

reasons tobuy it

now

SAVE $500 on software with our
three -for-one software sale through
February 28.

Our Personal Productivity
Pac includes VisiCalc K ' ^

PLUS, WORD /80, and
FILE/80. It’s a $750 value
(suggested retail price), for
only $250?

VisiCalc* PLUS is

a powerful analytical tool for
making quick work of work-
sheets. And once you do your
“what -if’ planning, you can
turn the result into graphics
immediately. (That’s the PLUS.)

Personal
Productivity Pac

A $750 value for S250.

WORD/80 software lets you
create, type, print, lay out, reproduce, and
store memos, letters, and reports.

FILE/80 software lets you store and

VniCatc » a registered trademark of VuiCorp.

‘Suggested retail price. May vary outside U S.

retrieve information quickly, add to your
records, delete or modify them, and maintain
lists easily. Without paperwork.

All in all, this is an offer de-
signed to meet your essential
software needs. And it’s the per-
fect complement to the new HP-
86, a personal computer we’re
really proud of.

Ask your dealer or sales rep
about the Personal Productivity
Pac, and do some serious com-
parison shopping.

We’re so convinced you’ll prefer
the HP-86, the software offer stands.
Whether or not you buy the computer.
For the authorized HP dealer or HP sales
office nearest you, call TOLL-FREE 800-
547-3400 (Oregon, Alaska, Hawaii:
503-758-1010).

TTY users with hearing or speech impairments,
dial 503 -758-5566.

For professionals on the move.

HEWLETT

PACKARD

CIRCLE 180 ON READER SERVICE CARD

PGO?X>1 ?10 A

Printers, continued...

The Proof is in the print-out

What follows is a comparative look at the character sets of each
of the printers we have reviewed. In some cases every printer
font is shown. In others character sets may have been omitted.

While comparisons such as these can be helpful in selecting a
printer, some caution is advised. Samples have been reproduced
at 100% of their actual size, but reproduction here necessarily
alters their appearance slightly.

Seikosha GP-250X

Pi 1 23456789 : ;<» >?QRBCDEFGH I JKt MMOPQRSTl JVMXYZO bed* Fc,h i i k I mrtoPdr st •• .! v
0123456789 : j < * >7|»RBC0FFGH I TKL MNOPqpsTUVWKYZr- ■1'" _ .(Babcdefcihi ik lmr.*rqr stuv
0 1 23456739 : ; <* >-?0RFCPFFGH I TKL MMOPORSTI »VWXYZI>. "l' s 0 a bcd-' F^h i I k 1 mnop<qr«tuv

Microline 92

0123456789 : ; < = > 7©ftBCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWX YZ C \ 3 x '_@ctbcdef gh i j klmnopqrst uvw
0123456789s ; < = > 70RBCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWX YZ C\3 ^_0abcdefgh ij klmnopqrst uvw
0123456789: ; < = > 70RBCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWX YZ C\3 ^_0abcdef gh i j klmnopqrst uvw

MPJ PrintMate 99

1 "#*%&' ( )* + , / 0123456789: ; < = > 7 @ABCBEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWX YZC \ 1 ' abcdefgh
)*+,-. /0123456789:;< = >7(?ABCDEFr,HIJKLMN0PQRSTUVUXYZC\3*_ % abedefghi jklnnopqrstuvw
'■««'( )»♦, -./0123456789s; <=>'J(»ABCDEFGHIJKLHN0PQRSTUV«XYZC\3‘.'al)cdefghijUHnopqrstuvwxy2{!ri ,, WZr( )*♦,-. /01 23456789 : ; < =

85 10A Prowriter

! “ ***/.& '<>*+,-. /e 1 23456789 : ; <= > ? SABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ £\]*_ ' a be de t gh
.' a #*yj6t' < >»+ .-./0123456789 s ; <=> 73ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ C\3 abcdefgh i
”*V/A' .)*+ /0123456789 s ; <«> 73ABC0EFGHI JKLMNOPaRSTUVWXYZ t\3 A _ N abcdefgh i j

IDS 480 Microprism

#*%& '()*+, -./0123456789 . <«> ?®ABCBEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ C \ 3 * a bede f gh
qrs t uvwxy z f ! ) ~B • •• « $ %& ' ( ) * 4- , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ; < = > ?®ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWX
abedef ghi j k Imnopqrs t uvwxy z ( ! )~» !"#$%& ' . /01234S6789: ; < = > ? ©ABCDEFGH

SCM TP-1

0123456789s; = ?@ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ [ ]_@abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvw
0123456789s; = ?@ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ [ ]_@abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvw
0123456789s; = ?@ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ [ ]_@abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvw

A/P/ PrintMate I50G _

! " # * %& '<)*♦,-. /01234S6789: ; <»> ?@ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ C \ J*_'abcdefg
qrs t uvwxy z C !)“■ !"#*%& , ()*+,-./0123456789: ; <=> ?@ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVW
abedef ghi j k Imnopqrs t uvwxy z l : 3 ~ ■ t "#♦%& '<)*+, - ./ 0123456789: ;<«> ?@ABCDEFG

Daisywriter 2000

!"#$%&'()*+,-./ 01 23456789 : ; <=>?@ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ [ ± ] *_°abcdef ghi jklmno
pqrstu vvxyzHH§ !"#$%&' ( )*+,-. /01 23456789: ; <=>?§ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ! ± ] *_°
abedefghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyzHf §!"#$%&’ ( )*+,-./01 23456789: ; <=>?@ABCDEFGHI JKLMN0PQ
Microline 84

0 1 £3456789 : ; < = > 70ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ C \ 3 ^Gabcdef gh i j k 1 wnopqrst uv
0123456789: ; < = > 70OBCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ C\3 ^_0abcdef gh i jk lmnopqrst uv
0 1 23456789 : ; <=> 7C-ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ C \ 3 ~_C-abcdef gh i j k 1 mnopqrst uv

50

March 1983 c Creative Computing

Prism 132

01 23356789 , < = > *@AECDEFGHi JKI.MNOFQRSTUVWX V Z L \ ] *_@abcde f ghi j k lmnopqr s tuvw

0123456789, <»> ? @ AECDE FGH I J K LMNOPGRSTU VWX YZ C \ 3 ‘^abcdefghi jklmnopqrstuvw
012 3 456789: ;< = > ? ©ABCDE FGH I JK LMNOPGRSTU VWX YZ t \ ] *.(?abcdef ghi jklranopqrstuvw

Prism 132

***** ALL PRINTABLE ASCII CHARACTERS *****
70ABCDEFGHIJKLMN0PQRSTUUWXYZC\3* 'a.bcdefghi j klmnopqrs tuwwxyzC ! » - - ♦

G * > ErZ F=~ CS H X n.J K ...... iMi iM* O P Q SS **T*' U U 1*1 X! Y ^ d \ II - -• *:*. I:» c- *::■ *?;*

& - € 1 *T , - . / 0123^156789: -< = > 7@ ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOP

t n v/ w x y z *C : 3 ~BH ! "♦$%& •(>*+,-. / 0123456789: ; < = > 70ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQR5TUOWXYZC\3 •
XYZC\J*_ v abcdefghi jklinopqrstuvwxgzC ! )*■ ! M #$X& * ( )*+,-. /0123456789 : ; < = >?0ABC
abcdef ghi J k lanopqrstuvwx yzC 8 3

Pmm 132

? ©ABCDE FGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWX YZ C \ 3 * 'abcdef ghi jk Imnopq rst uvwxy z C ! ) ~B ! M # $

BCDEE*GHI JK L MMO PQR STUVWX YZ C \ 3 " x abcde

$ • < >*+,_. / 0123456789 : ; < = >?@ABCDEFCHI JK LMNOF
t uvwxy zC 8 >~ffl! ,, #$%& , <)*+,-./0123456789: ; < » > ? 9ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVVX YZ C \ 3 *_
XYZ[\r 'abcdef ghi jklinopqrsta ?wif i { ! )*l ! “ * $%& * <>*+,-. /0123456789: ; < = > ? ©ABC
*_'abcdef ghi jkl mno p q r s t u vwx y x i 8 ) ~ ■

Prism 132

#£<*>0C\3 *M:!:r£$< = k*g§*' 6 066£* <« : &* $ < = 0£0 A * ' A" #?U < $

< * I AGO * ' aouBU * <^«aAO’w* v ani.if:l«$ < *F AO AC6 ao Aii#* <»EttdAO&&n&.u# % ti§©?>

Silentscribe DP- 96 20 A

0123456709s ; <=>?0ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZC \ 3 A _Babcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
0123456789s { <=>?BABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZC \ 3 A _0abcdefghi jk lmnopqrs tuvwxyz
0123456709s ;<=>?eABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZC \ 3 A _eabcdef*hijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

Qante x 7030 ( 180 cps "Draft " mode )

0123456789* J < - >?8AE<CIiEFGHI JKLMNOF^QRSTUVWXYZ CAD A §abcdef ghi Jk lmnopqrs tuv
0123456789 * ? < - >?0ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPGRSTUVUXYZ C\ 3 A _0abcdefghi Jklronopqrstuv
01 23456789 ♦ » < = >?§*AF»CDEFGHI JKL.MNOPQRSTUVWXYZ C\3 A gabcdefghi Jkln.nopqr stuv

Qantex 7030 (150 cps "Compose " mode)

0123456789: ? <=>?@ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ C \ 3 A _@abcdef ghi jk lmnopqr stuv
0 1 23456789 : ? < “ >?® ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ C \ 3 A JSabcde f gh i j k 1 mnopqr s t uv
0123456789: ; <=>?@AEsCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZC \ 3 A _@abcdefghi jklrnnopqrstuv

Qantex 7030 (75 cps "Correspondence " mode)

0123456789: ; <=>?SABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ [\3 A _3abcdef ghi jklrnnopqrstuv
0123456789 : » < »> ?®ABCDEFCHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZC \ ] A _3abcde fgh i jklrnnopqrstuv
0123456789; j < = > 7SABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZC \ ] A _o>abcdef gh i jklrnnopqrstuv

Qantex 7030 (37 cps "Dual pass ” mode). State-of-the-art in dot matrix.

0123456789: ; <=>?eABCDEPGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ [\] ~_§abcdef ghi jklrnnopqrstuv
0123456789: ; <=>?eABCDEPGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ [\] < '_®abcdefghl jklrnnopqrstuv
0123456789: . <=>?§ABCDEPGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ [\] ~_eabcdef ghi jklrnnopqrstuv

Siemens PT80 (Model 2712)

I ••#*%&' ()*+,-. /01 23456789: ; <=>?aABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZC \ ] *_ ‘ abcdef gh
"#$%&' ( ) *+,-./01 23456789: ; < = >?3ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ C \ 3 ~ ‘abcde fgh i
#*%&' ()*+,-. /01 23456789: ; < = >’3ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZC \ 3 *_ ‘ abcdef ghi j

March 1983 c Creative Computing

51

Printers, continued...

IDS Prism 132: very versatile. Anadex Silentscribe DP9620A: a smarty.

fold paper available. All paper is loaded
from the- rear, toward the very bottom.
Like other printers which are fed from
the back, the Prism has a tendency to
wrap the printed paper into the loading
slot unless you take care to drape it over
the front of the unit.

After hooking up the Prism to our
Apple II +, we decided to make a color
screen dump of a cartoon that had been
submitted on a diskette. We simply loaded
the binary screen file into memory and
consulted the manuals to find the correct
commands to activate the printer.

In the four-color graphics mode the
printhead starts on the left. It prints the
first color on the ribbon, and then returns
to the start of the same horizontal line.
Once the printhead is repositioned, the
ribbon is raised so that the next color to
be printed is in front of the printhead.
This cycle repeats until all four colors

creative computing

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: Prism 132
Type: Dot matrix
Feed: Tractor
Speed: Up to 150 cps
Interface: Serial/parallel
Density: 24 x 9
Graphics: Yes, four color
Character Sets: 6
Buffer: 1.5K

Logic Seek: Yes, bidirectional
Summary: A star for each color.
Price: SI 499
Manufacturer:

Integral Data Systems
Route 13

Milford, NH 03055
(603) 673-9100

have been printed; the paper is then
advanced.

It took only a few minutes for the
printer to finish the entire medium-sized
screen dump. We were impressed— the
registration of the paper was so good that
there were no gaps between lines of print.
The colors all came out vividly and
sharply. The Prism is such a convenient
way to get “photos" of hi-res graphics
screens, we had to remind ourselves that
it can also function as a high-speed con-
ventional printer.

Prism printers have the ability to print
150 cps. The characters are dot matrix
with true descenders, and the matrix has
a density of 24 x 9. The quality of the
printed characters is very good— the dots
are so close together that the letters
almost appear to be fully-formed. When
the Prism runs in draft (Sprint) mode, it
can print over 200 cps, but quality is sac-
rificed.

Resident in the basic Prism printer are
seven international character sets plus the
standard U.S. character set. To select a
character set other than the default, you
can either reconfigure the printer with a
jumper or change a parameter through
software.

Other specifications that you can con-
figure through software include print den-
sity, fixed and proportional spacing, justi-

fied text, intercharacter spacing, and line
spacing.

The Prism is well padded on the inside
in an attempt to reduce the noise while
printing. When running at full speed with
all of the covers in place, the Prism emits
a noise level of 68 dB. This is slightly
above the average we found for other
dot-matrix printers.

The Prism 132 is a very versatile printer
with many things going for it. The main
appeal of the unit obviously is its ability
to print four colors and hi-res dot-address-
able graphics. If you have a need for
computer generated charts or pictures.

Pkaso Interface Card

Lately we have been making extensive
use of the Prism printer to obtain Apple
II 4- color hi-res screen dumps. None of
this would have been possible without
the aid of the Pkaso Apple interface
card from Interactive Structures.

The interface card allows you to use
the dot-addressable color graphic fea-
tures of a fully equipped IDS Prism
printer. Although Integral Data Systems
has yet to introduce their own Apple
interface card. Interactive Structures
has had the Pkaso card on the market
for several months now.

The Pkaso interface card has special
features which similar products do not.
According to the manufacturer, only the
Pkaso has the ability to produce both
low- and hi-res color screen dumps, all
of which can be printed in a variety of
shapes and sizes. The Pkaso printer
interface is very impressive when you
realize it can also handle gray-scale.

The small Pkaso interface card for
the Apple II 4- costs SI 75 and comes
complete with a 4' cable, a disk of soft-
ware, and a 52-page user's manual. A
similar package for the Apple III costs
S205.

52

March 1983 c Creative Computing

• ANNOUNCING •

Cl 1220

TWO MEGA BYTE FLOPPY DISK SYSTEM FOR LSI- 11 BASED SYSTEMS
DUAL DRIVE — DOUBLE DENSITY — DOUBLE SIDED

• DEC RX02/RX01 COMPATIBLE

• COMPATIBLE WITH LSI 11/2 OR LSI-1 1/23

• DUAL WIDTH DMA CONTROLLER

• BOOTSTRAP, DIAGNOSTICS PROVIDED, RACK MOUNT ENCLOSURE

• 3 MONTH WARRANTY, PARTS AND LABOR

TWO MEGABYTES FOR LESS THAN THE PRICE OF ONE.

The Cl 1220 is completely compatible with DEC operating systems using DEC RX03 protocol and DEC
standard DY handler. Compatible with RX01/RX02 media, IBM 3740 format. Dual width controller operates
at +5VDC @ 2. 7A supplied from LSI- 11 backplane and is compatible with any Shugart interface floppy drive.

DON’T ASK WHY WE CHARGE SO LITTLE, ASK WHY THEY CHARGE SO MUCH.

€

Chrislin Industries , Inc,

31352 Via Colinas • Westlake Village. CA 91362 • 213-991-2254
TWX 910-494-1253 (CHRISLIN WKVG)

CIRCLE 126 ON READER SERVICE CARD

COMPUTER CONNECTION

► , — ^ p •_# p < j

Special on Espon Cartridges

Don t Judge A Computer
By Its Cover

...II you were to have a Microcomputer operating at 4 Mil/

If you were to have a Hard Disk built in
...If you were to have a lloppy disk drive built in
...If you were to have an Amber Phosphor Monitor built in
...If you had the finest Hard Disk Operating System available

The BT Hard Disk Model III Microcomputer

Starling with a basic I RS-KO Model III. add one landon 40 I rack Dual
Sided Disk Drive. 4*K of High tirade NEC Memory the lamous Holmes
Engineering Disk Controller Svstem. with Real link- Clock, and the
sccurit) of B I Enterprises engineering, assuring long lilc. and dependability

I hen we rcall) get started, include a 4 M HZ Module installed to make the
Model III Microprocessor operate al twice the speed ol a standard Radio
Shack Model III. Also include the use ol a Superdensc Disk Drive lor extra
floppy disk storage I hen have installed a Hard Disk Drive (Winchester
technology ) When the system is configured, the Hard Disk Drive contains
the operating system and becomes the master (primary) drive. I he Hard
Disk has 40 times the speed ol data transfer as compared to a normal lloppv
disk as well as containing the storage capacity ol more than V) standard
(loppy disk drives.

Each unit is built and tested in our Eong Island. New York assembly plant
and delivered to your dealer complete with a Dos Plus 4 0 Hard Disk
Operating System which we consider to have the finest Icaturcs ol any
Operating System available

AVAILABLE CONKIca RATIONS

4xS 5 Megabyte formated Storage S.1W5 00

4 x 10 10 Megabyte formated Storage S4I43 .00

4x1$ 1$ Megabyte formated Storage S42V3 00

Add $20.01) Shipping 8 l Handling

The Voltector

I he VOLTECTOR’ plug-in power
conditioner adds the positive, high-
pert ormanee surge protection and
filtering that most manufacturers
have left out of their equipment.

And, when computer manufacturers
include protection it is usually not
enough. I hey generally safeguard
their equipment lor “typical case"
power line pollution, since it is

uneconomic to design for “worst |

ease" conditions. I he

VOLTECTOR" protects your Voliecior

equipment against “worst ease" 3002® $60.50

conditions, paving lor itscll many J ' ,ri P Dmlri(6)

times over by reducing data loss 100210 ** 7 00

and costly down time.

Printer Stands

Lnd the paper mess on your
computer desk. Our printer
stand allows your paper to _

be fed from under the
printer, making room lor the
used paper to stack behind
the print out ol the way.

Regular Stand (300010) $29.95

Regular w shell (300011) $44.95

l arge Stand (300020) $34.95

Urge w shell (300021) $49.95

Urge w slot (300050) $49.95

□ Diskettes

I he best lor LISS'.V?! Yes, ANSI Rated Llcphant diskettes
are not only a great diskette, they’re now at a great price!!
Select the tv pc lor your computer, and SAVE!

Single Sided Singk Density Soft 5V* m S22.50

Single Sided Double IXnsitv Soli 5U" $26.50

Double Sided IXiuble Density Soft 5'A" $32.50

Single Sided Singk* Density Soft 8" $27.50

Single Sided Double Density Soli 8“ $32.50

IXmbk Sided IXiuble IX:nsity Soft 8" $37.50

□ B.T. Hard Disks--

We want vqq* j * ^

ca>e tS w®°

H. T Ennr/mse IX y>/. 7-C IXvkr Inquires Welcome Orders Only

MR Car lough Road l*ri<vs Suhjeci lo Change AK 1 1AC

Bohemia. X. >. 1/716 V )..Y Residents I dd lax ftUU 1 IO:>

(516) 567-X/55 (voice) Add 5200 dipping A Handling N Y. Call (516) 567-8155

(516) 5XX-5MJ6 (modem) American I \ press. Carte Hlanclie. Diners

Iff I ntarpriscs is a division ol Hi-lcch I ntcrpriscs Inc. Club. MasterCard and VISA accepted.

CIRCLE 118 ON READER SERVICE CARD

-rr^v795

$2549.95

RS-K0 is a Iradcmaik ol laiuly Corp.

Printers, continued...

Qantex 7030: the Mercedes of matrix.

Siemens PT80/2712: nearly affordable.

this printer with the special options would
be an excellent choice. The base price is
a bit too high if you need only a conven-
tional printer. Nevertheless, if you buy an
IDS for its graphics capabilities, you need
not purchase a separate printer specif-
ically for text hardcopy.

We rated it a four star value.

CIRCLE 409 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Anadex Silentscribe
DP-9620A

An Office Workhorse

The Silentscribe is easily the most
impressive-looking printer we have ever
seen. It looks like some sort of vehicle
that is about to fly off the table and into
deep space. But beauty is only shell-deep,
you know. And with a list price of SI 845,

creative compatiRg

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: Silentscribe DP-9620A
Type: Dot matrix
Feed: Tractor
Speed: Up to 200 cps
Interface: Parallel/serial
Density: 72 x 72
Graphics: Yes
Character Sets: 5
Buffer: 1.5K

Logic Seek: Yes, bidirectional

Summary: Not so silent, but still high
quality.

Price: S1845

Manufacturer:

Anadex, Inc.

9825 DeSoto Ave.

Chatsworth, CA 91311
(213) 998-8010

the machine has a lot to live up to.

First there is this silence business. The
Silentscribe measured in at 64dB, which
is admittedly the quietest of all the con-
ventional printers we tested. But 64 dB is
not silence, nor quiet, nor even a low
rumble. It is noise. When the phone rings
next to Silentscribe, you'll want to turn
the printer off.

The Silentscribe is an extremely solid
and well-built machine, giving the appear-
ance of a unit with high reliability. It is
also quite intelligent. In the self-test mode,
it lists in binary the default configuration
of all DIP settings. This is an advanced
and very thoughtful feature. The Super-
scribe will notify you of all switch settings
as well as checking its own ROM and
RAM.

The machine is another bottom-only
loader, necessitating a slotted stand, and
making paper loading somewhat incon-
venient. Tractor feed, once established,
is rapid and sure.

Print quality is quite good, approaching
letter quality. There is easy access to all
front panel controls, but the rear DIP
switches are another story. They are
recessed into narrow slots in the bottom
rear of the printer— designed to be set
once and then forgotten, I suppose.

The buffer is only 1.5K, with an option
to expand to 2K. This is surprisingly
small.

The Silentscribe is without a doubt a
high quality machine, but for nearly
$2000, one might have expected more (as
we shall see). For that reason, we gave
the unit a rating of two stars.

CIRCLE 41 0 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Quantex 7030

Is It Live, or Is It Matrix?

What's built like a tank, weighs 42 lbs.,
and proves that you can still find real

quality in an American-made product?
That's easy: the Qantex 7030 printer.
Sure, it lists for $1995, but what would
you be willing to pay for a machine that is
really built to take it, while producing
state-of-the-art, truly letter quality dot
matrix print at a rate of 37 cps? If we
were shopping for a quality printer on
which to heap some real abuse, this baby
would be our choice.

Qantex under the hood.

Talk about metal. This printer makes
use of metal. Remember metal? That's
the stuff they had to use before there was
plastic. The Qantex uses it, and uses it
liberally. We have never seen a more
solid machine. Its cover slams like the
door of a BMW.

Offering parallel and serial connection
in our preferred Centronics and DB-25
formats, the unit provides very clean print
varying from 37 to 180 cps modes. The
claimed 150 cps mode looks about as
good as the 60 cps mode on other dot
matrix printers. At 75 cps, we gained serifs
and a very tight matrix. At a dual pass 37
cps, we got a matrix nearly indistinguish-
able from daisy wheel print. Examine it
yourself. It is really quite impressive.

All options are easily selected from the
front or rear of the printer. There is
relatively easy access even to the config-
uration DIPs, which we found extremely
refreshing. Paper can be loaded from the
front or the bottom, very simply and

March 1983 c Creative Computing

55

MODEL DXY PLOTTER

Economical X- Y coordinate plotter • 1 0 *
X 1 4 • plotting range • Centronics inter-
face • ROM expandable • 4 pens, hold-
ers and chart hold-downs included

YOUR

COMPATIBILITY

CHART

MORE COMPATIBILITY INTERFACES DUE SOON . . . CHECK FACTORY!

COMPUTER

MONITORS

PLOTTER

3" MICRO-

NOTES

VIDEO-300

VIDEO-3 10

COLOR-1

COLOR-II

COLOR-IIA

COLOR-III

COLOR-IV

DISC DRIVE

IBM-PC

e

e

e

e

e

•

*

e

e

* Special Cabling Required

APPLE III

e

*

*

*

*

e

* Special Cabling or
Converter Required

APPLE II

e

e

*

*

*

*

e

e

* DVM Board Required

ATARI 800

*

•

* Opt Atari Cable Required

VIC-20

•

* Opt VIC Cable Required

TRS-80

*

* Opt TRS Cable Required

Osborne

*

* Opt Interface Required

TI-99

•

* Opt Tl Cable Required

Commodore-64

*

*

* Opt Commodore Cable Req

innovative computing

COLOR-III MONITOR

COLOR-IV MONITOR

Superior 720(H) X 420(V) line resolution
• 80 X 24 character display • analog
RGB input for up to 4096 computer-con-
trolled colors

Economical RGB input monitor • 260(H)
X 300(V) line resolution • 80 X 24 char-
acter display capability • Commercial
grade CRT

AMDISK-3 MICRO-FLOPPYDISK DRIVE

Revolutionary 3" Micro -Floppydisk drive & cartridges • 1
Megabyte (unformatted) storage • Track-to-track compatible
with 5 floppydisk drives • Built-in power supply • Hard
plastic, protective floppydisk cartridge

If

COMBINATION DIGITAL
VIDEO MULTIPLEXER

Makes Apple-ll compatible with RGB mon-
itors • Modes include Apple 40 charac-
ter-line text. Apple high/low resolution
color graphics. 80 character-line text
from vendor board (included)

Amdek Corp. is dedicated to marketing quality compu-
ter peripheral equipment to enhance the use of popular
personal computers. Our research & development staff
keeps abreast of progress in computer techology and
equipment and strives to offer you state-of-the-art ad-
vances in peripheral equipment.

Amdek products are distributed nationwide and in Cana-
da through major distributors. And, we have factory-
trained manufacturer’s representatives ready to serve
you in every major marketing area. Amdek offices are
located in Chicago, Los Angeles & Dallas.

Just circle the reader service number, or contact us to
receive complete technical specifications on these
Amdek products.

2201 Lively Blvd. • Elk Grove Village, IL 60007
(312)364-1180 TLX: 25-4786

CIRCLE 106 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Nice and friendly. Just a couple of
robot buddies tossing shotputs
back and forth. But time passed,
and a pleasant pastime turned
iaster, more intense, more deadly
No more tossing back and forth.
Throw it hard! Throw it fast! Threw
it past your opponent! And still
the game got tougher. The robots
added a wall of moving neutrons

side to side to protect the force
fields behind them. They ex-
changed their shotputs for devas-
tating energy balls. Survival took
over for competition and exercise.
Each shot became a matter of life
and death, no longer friendly fun.
Faster, faster and faster yet, they
moved from side to side firing,
blocking, and firing again; until

their force fields, their
sources short-circuited and
disintegrated. No more fi
ly game of catch; it’s now
WALLWAR! Runs on 40K Atari
800 disk. Available from your local
computer store for $29.95 or order
directly from:

SIERRA ON-LINE
Sierra On-Line Building

and wore side lasers to scoot from loo late. As the shots penetrated Coarsegold. CA 93614

ADD ONE DOLLAR FC SHIPPING
VISA • MASTERCARD • CH r * • COD ACCEPTED

sierrJ A/isioim

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TM designates Trademark of Sierr;. n line. Inc

CIRCLE 253 ON READER SERVICE CARD

t^cetta

OX UNt l/VC

Printers, continued

creative compatiRg

PRINTER PROFILE
Printer: Qantex 7030
Type: Dot matrix
Feed: Tractor
Speed: Up to 180 cps

Interface: Centronics parallel/DB-25
serial

Density: 144 x 144
Graphics: Yes
Character Sets: 4
Buffer: 4.7K

Logic Seek: Yes, bidirectional

Summary: State-of-the-art impact
dot matrix.

Price: $1995
Manufacturer:

North Atlantic Industries
60 Plant Ave.

Hauppauge, NY 11788
(516) 582-6060

straightforwardly. The cartridge ribbon is
also easy to change.

The 7030 is a tractor-only printer—
which seems a shame in light of its incred-
ible print quality capability. Its noise rate
was measured at a tolerable 67 dB.

The documentation is thorough and
clear. Programming the printer is made
easy.

If you are looking for speed and high
quality print in a high quality printer,
look no further. The Qantex is exactly
what you are looking for, assuming you
can afford it. And it's made in the USA. It
gets three stars. It will get another when
it drops $400 in list price.

CIRCLE 411 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Siemens PT80/271 2

Its Time is Nearly Here

You may have noticed that we have
been using the phrase “under the hood"
to caption photos of printer innards. The
cover of the Siemens 2712 (nee PT 80)
truly opens up like the hood of a car. It's
only fitting, too: the printer costs prac-
tically as much as a car, listing for $3225.
This price will surely drop— at least we
expect it to— as ink jet printer production
expands.

When we first examined the print qual-
ity of the Siemens unit, we were unim-
pressed. The matrix seemed blurry and
ill-defined. We then learned from the
thorough documentation that the print-
head must be cleared at the start of each
printing session. This is accomplished
very simply by allowing the self-test to
run for a couple of minutes so the print-

head jets can clear up, evening their flow.
The print quality then improves dramat-
ically, though it always remains recog-
nizable as dot matrix.

Rather than print quality, the really
impressive things about the Siemens unit
are its speed and its noise rate. At a
staggering 270 cps, with a very quick
linefeed, the unit registered 55 decibels.
This represents a noise level of less than
half that of nearly all the other printers
we have examined. The sound is more
like that of the windshield wipers in a
Volkswagen than the sound of a micro-
computer printer.

The ink jet head itself is very easy to
remove, though as one might expect, the
ink can be somewhat messy. However the
manufacturer states that the life of an ink
cartridge is typically greater than or equal

Siemens under the hood.

A Truly Pretty Printer

In July of 1982, Sanyo introduced a
portable computer called the PHC-
8000. It is a multi-featured handheld
machine, aimed squarely at the data
communications market. On a recent
visit to Sanyo, I got a chance to look
at it, along with some other goodies
the company is readying for release.

Among these was an utter jewel— a
truly exciting new product. It was a
printer prototype called the PHC-
8000P, although I was warned that the
model number might change soon.
Granted it is remarkable enough that
the PHC-8000P is an impact printer
that will list for under $500. The really
interesting thing about it is its diminu-
tive size: a mere 12 x 7 1/2 x 2 1/4"
(see photo).

Although designed to complement
the PHC-8000 handheld unit, the PHC-
8000P will sport a Centronics-compat-
ible parallel connector, for easy inter-
facing to other microcomputers. 1 saw
a working prototype smoothly handle
8 1/2 x 11" single sheet bond paper,
and produce letter quality print at a
rate of 20 cps, which is a bit faster

Yukio Sakaguchi, Project Engineer,
and one of the designers of the unit.
To his right is Arthur Shebar, Sanyo's
national Sales Manager.

The PHC 8000 -P is the smallest fully-
formed character printer ever offered.

than many full-size fully-formed char-
acter printers. The unique, barrel-
shaped plastic print head produced
unerring character registration, though
the printer proved a bit noisy during
use. This is an understandable trade-
off considering its extremely small
size.

With its incredible portability and
very reasonable price, the Sanyo PHC-
8000P may become one of the year's
big contenders. It could usher in yet
another revolution to an already fast-
changing market.

The PHC 8000 is the handheld per-
sonal computer that mates with the
PHC 8000 -P, although interfacing
other machines will be possible.

March 1983 c Creative Computing

59

Printers, continued.

/ X

/ . i

Ink-jet printhead.

creative computing

PRINTER PROFILE
Primer: PT 80 (Model 2712)

Type: Ink jet

Feed: Friction, holds paper roll at
rear

Speed: Up to an impressive 270 cps
Interface: Parallel/serial custom cable

Density: 140 dots/inch horiz.,

85 dots /inch vert.

Graphics: As an option
Character Sets: 8
Buffer: 2K with option for 8K
Logic Seek: Yes, bidirectional

Summary: A marvel of German
precision.

Price: $3225
Manufacturer:

L Siemens Corporation
240 E. Palais Rd.

Anaheim, CA 92805
(714)991-9700

to 5,000,000 characters. That would mean
the printhead would need replacement
quite infrequently.

As for the reliability of the unit, frankly
we would feel a bit queasy laying out so
much money for a technology so new.
We had some problems getting the
machine up and running— problems rang-
ing from an ill-fitting power cord to faulty
interfacing information from customer
support. Though these problems were
solved very quickly, the indication is that
the bugs aren't totally out yet. We guess
that at press time only about ten people
in this country, perhaps fewer, were truly
qualified to service the Siemens unit. That
is not enough of a support organization to
satisfy us.

Ink jet technology is nonetheless here
to stay, and the Siemens PT80/2712
printer will probably be with us for quite
a while as well. It certainly runs like a
charm now. It merits a two star rating. □
CIRCLE 41 2 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Printer

Price

Type

Density

Interface

and

Connector

Feed

Claimed

Speed

Anadex

DP-9620A

Silentscribe

$1845

Dot
Matrix
13 X 9

Multiple
Serial and
Parallel
(Centronics
and DB25)

Tractor

120-200

cps

C. Itoh
8510

Prowriter

Parallel

(Centronics)

Tractor

and

Friction

120 cps

✓

Daisywriter

2000

$1395

Daisy

Wheel

Serial and
Parallel
(Custom
Cable)

Friction

(Tractor

Option)

20 cps

IDS 480

$799

Dot
Matrix
24 X 9
Maximum

Serial and
Parallel
(DB-25)

Pin

1 10 cps

IDS Prism
132

$1499

Dot
Matrix
24 X 9
Maximum

Serial and
Parallel
(DB-25)

Tractor

150 cps

MDI 99G

$749

Dot

Matrix

Serial

or

Parallel
(Centronics
or DB-25)

Pin

100 cps

MPI 150 G

$995

Dot

Matrix

11X9

Serial

or

Parallel
(Centronics
or DB-25)

Pin

1 50 cps

Okidata
Microline 84

$1395

Dot
Matrix
13 X 17

Centronics

Parallel

Tractor

and

Friction

200 cps

Okidata
Microline 92

$699

Dot
Matrix
13 X 17

Centronics

Parallel

Pin

160 cps

Qantex

7030

$2995

Dot
Matrix
24 X 18

Multiple Serial
and Parallel
(Centronics
at DB-25)

Tractor

1 80 cps

Seikosha

GP-50X

$499

Dot

Matrix

Multiple Serial
and Parallel
(Centronics and
5 Pin DIN)

Pin

50 cps

Siemens

PT-80

$3225

Ink

Jet

Multiple Serial
and Parallel
(Custom Cable)

Friction

270 cps

Smith Corona
TP-1

$895

Daisy

Wheel

Specify Serial
or Parallel
(Centronics)

Friction

12 cps

60

March 1 983 c Creative Computing

Maximum

Width

132 columns
at 10 cpi
15'

80 columns
at 10 cpi

97a'

132 columns
at 10 cpi
15'

132 columns
at 16.8 cpi

97a'

132 columns
at 10 cpi
15'

132 columns
at 17 cpi

97a'

132 columns
at 10 cpi
15'

132 columns
at 10 cpi
15'

132 columns
at 17 cpi
97a'

132 columns
at 10 cpi
15'

80 columns
at 10 cpi
97a'

132 columns
at 10 cpi
15'

126 columns
at 10 cpi
15'

Character

Sets

Replaceable

Wheels

Replaceable

Wheels

Descenders

Buffer

Logic

Seeking

Pitch

dB at
1 Meter

Yes

2K

Yes

Bidirectional

10 to 16.4
cpi

64dB

Yes

2K

Yes

Bidirectional

6 to 17
cpi

69dB

Yes

16K

(48K

Option)

Yes

Bidirectional

10 or 12
cpi

68dB

Yes

1.4K

Yes

10 to 16.8
cpi

66dB

Yes

1.5K

Yes

Bidirectional

10 to 16.8
cpi

69dB

Yes

IK

Yes

10 to 17
cpi

71dB

Yes

2K

Yes

10 to 17
cpi

69dB

Yes

2K

Yes

Bidirectional

10 to 17
cpi

75dB

Yes

2K

Yes

Bidirectional

10 to 17
cpi

72dB

Yes

4.7K

Yes

Bidirectional

10 to 17.1
cpi

67dB

Yes

480

Bytes

Yes

Bidirectional

10

cpi

69dB

Yes

2K

Yes

Bidirectional

10 to 16.5
cpi

55dB

Yes

120

Bytes

Yes

10 or 12
Pitch Models
Available

71dB

Overall

Rating

March 1983 € Creative Computing

61

WEKE WRUNG

THEM AS FAST AS

At the rate we’re going,
we’ll have these pages
filled by 2083. And by
2084, people will be
clamoring for the next
Infocom creation.

We hate to disappoint our
public. So we keep you waiting.
Because while the software facto-
ries are cranking out arcade game
after arcade game, pulpy adven-
ture after trite fantasy, we’re
writing and rewriting, honing and
perfecting. Before a single person
enters one of Infocom’s worlds,
it must be crafted into a living,
riveting, definitive experience.

7

Judging from the public’s reac-
tion, it’s worth the wait. For
instance. Creative Computing
welcomed DEADLINE™ as
“thoroughly engrossing and real-
istic,” while a Softalk readers’
poll recently voted ZORK'“ I and
ZORK II the most popular adven-
tures of 1981.

And now, for the moment, your
wait is over. ZORK III, your final

I step in the underground
trilogy, and STARCROSS,™
an exploration of a new
dimension in science fiction,

• are ready for you.

Look at them up there,
the little worlds of Infocom. As
our universe expands, compan-
ions will come to help fill that vast
expanse of white space. Till
then, they’ll continue to stand
alone as the best of all possible
worlds.

55 Wheeler Street, Cambridge, MA 02138

Infocom’s worlds are available for Apple,* Atari* IBM, TRS- 80 * Commodore, NEC, Osborne, CP/M,* and DEC."

Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Atari is a registered trademark of Atari, Inc. TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corporation.

CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research. Inc. DEC is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.

Quadram MicroFazer
Data Buffer

creative

computing

equipment

evaluation

The Quadram MicroFazer is a self-con-
tained data buffer that connects between
a computer and a printer. The Micro-
Fazer receives data from the computer at
a high speed (up to 4000 characters per
second). It stores these data in its own
memory, then feeds the data to the printer
as the printer can handle them. This buf-
fering action means that you need not tie
up your computer while printing a lengthy
document.

Time Saving

Does the MicroFazer really save time?
You bet. An article written in-house for
Creative Computing is either transcribed
by a secretary from a dictation tape on a
word processor or written directly on one.
This first draft is then corrected by the
author and printed out a second time. It
is then routed around to the other editors
for comments, changes, and corrections.
Following that process, it is printed out
again.

One article I wrote recently was 4178
words long. A double-spaced printed
version ran 17 pages and took 1 1 minutes
and 40 seconds to print (about 40 seconds
per page) on an Epson MX-80 printer. Do
the arithmetic and you will find that this
is a print speed of about 44 characters
per second, slightly over one-half of the
rated 80 cps speed of the Epson. We
found this differential true across the
board in our printer evaluations. Hence,
speeding up the printing process may be
more worthwhile than published figures
might lead you to believe.

In any event, the 4178-word document
was transferred to the MicroFazer in
about 15 seconds. The computer was then
no longer occupied with the printing pro-
cess and was free to do something else.
On the three printouts of this article, the
MicroFazer saved 35 minutes of computer
time, a significant saving indeed.

The computer time necessary for print-
ing with and without MicroFazer is in a
ratio of about 46: 1 with Epson and other
dot matrix printers in the 80 cps speed
range. The savings are proportionately
greater with slower printers and less with
faster ones.

David H. Ahl

Hardware and Installation

The MicroFazer uses a custom LSI chip
and up to eight 64K bit RAM memory
chips on a single board. It is possible to
purchase the MicroFazer with just one
chip installed (8K bytes) and then upgrade
it with more memory later on. Quadram
supplies versions of the MicroFazer with
8K, 16K, 32K, 48K, and 64K. You should
choose a version with enough memory to
handle the longest documents you nor-
mally write.

MicroFazer may be plugged directly
into Centronics-compatible printers. You
simply unplug the cable connected to the
printer, plug the MicroFazer cable into
the printer, and plug the computer cable
into the MicroFazer.

If the printer you are using is not
Centronics-compatible or does not use a
G-520 36-pin connector, you will have to
make or purchase modified cables. A
block diagram of the MicroFazer in-
cluding all connector pin designations is
in the manual.

Power is supplied to the MicroFazer
either directly from the printer or from
an external 9v power supply. Some print-
ers have power available on pin 18 while

others, including the Epson series, do
not.

The manual includes a simple modifi-
cation which allows Epson MX series
printers to get power for the MicroFazer.
You must remove the bottom cover of
the printer, remove the top printed circuit
board, and run a jumper from one of the
resistor pins to connector pin 18. It is a
simple modification but, unfortunately,
voids the Epson warranty. If you don't
want to do this you can, of course, use
the external supply.

An external power supply is not fur-
nished by Quadram but one can be pur-
chased in most electronic outlets for $5.00
or $6.00.

The MicroFazer comes in two case
styles, free-standing and snap-on. The
snap-on unit measures a compact 3.5" x
7" x 1" while the free-standing one is
slightly larger, 5.5" x 8" x 2". The snap-on
unit bolts to the back of the printer. It has
just one external control, a reset button.
It also has a red LED which indicates
whether it is ready to receive data. An
internal slide switch is used to choose
between internal and external power.

The free-standing unit also has a reset
button, ready indicator, and external
power supply switch. In addition, it has
an LED which indicates an error con-
dition (cable not plugged in, printer not

Radio /hack

Educational

Software
Catalog for
1983

TRS-80 Computer Assisted Instruction Courseware

Enlighten Your Students With
Our History and Reading Programs

History Comes Alive. Radio Shack s History of Technology
packages give students an understanding of technological
achievements through the use of colorful graphics, text,
sound effects and recorded speech. Each package includes
four lessons with student interaction and feedback messages.
The 1 6K TRS-80 Color Computer, a TV and cassette recorder
are required.

Pioneers in Technology (Cat. No. 26-2624, $94.95) includes
The Age of Flight, Space Exploration, The Electric Car, and
History of Computers. Inventions That Changed Our Lives
(26-2625, $94.95) includes Edison’s Electric Inventions, Bell
and the Telephone, The Story of Railroads, and The Age of
Television.

Complete Classroom History Unit. Our Basic Illustrated His-
tory of America Learning Unit (26-2645, $299, available 1st
quarter, 83) includes twelve illustrated books on American
history starting with The New World and ending with
America Today, as well as a read-along audio tape and
a computer activities diskette for each book. The TRS-80
AUTHOR I Lesson Presentation Package (26-2707) and a
32K TRS-80 Model III disk system are required.

Tutorial Lessons in Sentence Skills. C A R D. 7. Sentences

(26-2603, $199) is
adapted from the
Philadelphia City
Schools’ Computer
Assisted Reading De-
velopment CAI Pro-
gram. It covers
sentence recognition,
relationships, order-
ing, and labeling. Pre-
and post-tests in-
cluded. Pre-tests also
on a diagnostic
diskette. TRS-80
AUTHOR I Lesson
Presentation Pack-
age (26-2707) and a
48K Model III disk
system are required.

Teach the A-B-Cs! AlphaKe y” (26- 1718, $39.95) helps chil-
dren 4 to 6 years old leam the alphabet and computer key-
board. Requires a 16K Level II or Model III BASIC TRS-80.

Unique Reading Series Motivates Students

Radio Shack's High Motivation Reading Series (HMRS) is
based on motivational reading materials for levels 4-6 using
an illustrated format. Four student readers and a read-along
audio tape accompany the program. The computer measures
comprehension in several skill areas, such as understanding
the main idea, sequence of events, details, and separating fact
and opinion.

Spelling and vocabulary exercises based on words from the
story are also included in Model III versions. These exercises
are repeatable — each session randomly selects a new se-
quence of problems from a large pool of possible words.
Program requires TRS-80 MicroPILOT™ (26-2718 for
Model III; 26-2205 for Model I).

The HMRS Student Records System (26-252 1 , $29.95 for
Model III; 26-2508, $24.95 for Model I) can be used with the
packages listed below to keep a record of student activity
scores on disk. With optional printer, score files can be printed.

Model III HMRS packages require a 32K TRS-80 Model III disk
system. Titles are: HMRS Charles Lindbergh/Amelia Earhart
(26-2513, $74.95), HMRS The Hound of the Baskervilles
(26-2514, $69.95),

HMRS Dracula
(26-2515, $69.95),

HMRS Moby Dick
(26-2516, $69.95),

HMRS The Beatles
(26-2517, $69.95)
and HMRS 20,000
Leagues Under the
Sea (26-2518,

$69.95). Model I
HMRS packages re-
quire a 32K Model I
lower-case disk sys-
tem. Titles are: HMRS
Dracula (26-2502,

$59.95) and HMRS
Moby Dick (26-2503,

$59.95).

Color LOGO

Our Color LOGO programming lan-
guage is designed to help students
grasp fundamental programming
concepts. Through manipulation
of “turtle” graphics, students leam
to write simple programs. The
computer becomes a friendly
learning tool, and students gain in-
sight into advanced concepts. Chil-
dren under reading age can use a
“doodle” mode to create graphics.
A “hatch” mode creates multiple
turtles that can run separate pro-
grams simultaneously. Our Disk
Color LOGO (26-2721, $99) re-
quires a 32K Extended BASIC
Color Computer and disk drive.
The Program Pak m Color LOGO
(26-2722, $49.95) requires a 16K
TRS-80 Color Computer. Use your
own color TV with either version.

We Make Courseware Development Easy

Our authoring systems make it simple to create quality
courseware. No programming knowledge is required.

Color PILOT lets you mix text and graphics for attractive
screens. It features a built-in line editor and easy one-letter
commands. Disk Color PILOT (26-2710, $79.95) requires a
32K TRS-80 Color Computer disk system. Tape Color PILOT
(26-2709, $59.95) requires a 16K TRS-80 Color Computer.
Use your own TV with either.

TRS-80 MicroPILOT™ is a command-oriented language that
lets you create your own courseware or adapt it from any
suitable curriculum. Model I TRS-80 MicroPILOT (26-2205,
$99.95) requires a 32K TRS-80 Model I disk system. Model III
TRS-80 MicroPILOT (26-2718, $119.95) requires a 32K
TRS-80 Model III disk system.

TRS-80 AUTHOR 7(26-1727, $149.95) is a screen-oriented
authoring system with full-screen editing, graphics and auto-
matic score-keeping option. Sample lessons included. A 32K
Model I or III disk system is required.

TRS-80 AUTHOR I Lesson Presentation Package (26-2707,
$64.95) presents lessons that have been created using TRS-80
AUTHOR I. A sample lesson is included on diskette. (Not
required if you have TRS-80 AUTHOR I). A 32K Model I or III
disk system is required.

Quick Quiz: A Mini-Authoring System (26- 1 728, $39.95)
makes it easy for teachers to create, store, and give multiple-
choice tests using a TRS-80. It provides a pre-designed
multiple-choice format for typing up to 40 questions with four
answer choices per question. Scores can be printed or stored
in a disk file for later review. A 32K TRS-80 Model I or III disk
system is required.

Our Education Management Systems Make Your Tasks Easier

CHAMPS ™ (26-2703, $149.95) lets you store and analyze
football scouting information on your opponents’ offense.

Designed for high
school and college
levels, CHAMPS
prints a variety of
charts and statistical
reports. You can get
comprehensive an-
swers to specific ten-
dency questions in
seconds. Includes ten
CHAMPS Scouting
Manuals. Ten Addi-
tional Scouting
Manuals (26-2708,
$39.95) are also
available. Requires
48K Model I or III
disk system and 132
column printer.

REKORD Planner is a record-keeping system you can person-
alize to fit your own needs! Use REKORD Planner to file
student data, quickly
locate and print out
student and school in-
formation, even gen-
erate reports. A
program and tutorial
diskette plus sample
formats are included.

Choose from Admin-
istrator's Version

(26-2725, $499),
Counselors Version
(26-2726, $499) and
Special Programs Ver-
sion (26-2727,
$499). A 48K TRS-80
Model III disk system
is required.

3 Rjsr.

Administrator’s Version

©

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL GOWORAfON
£**VN& ACHCttMCrr COHKjRATXJN

Network 3 system requirements— Controller, Operating Software, and cables.
Minimum student station: 16K Model III with Model III BASIC and RS-232C inter-
face. Minimum host station: 32K 1-Disk Model III with RS-232C interface. Line
printer optional.

Powerful Network 3 Controller

■ Access Programs From Disk

With Low-Cost TRS-80 Model III Computers

■ Connect Up to 16 Non-Disk Student
Stations To a Single “Host” Disk System

■ Operation is Virtually Automatic— No
Need for Constant Teacher Supervision

The Versatile
Network 3

The Network 3 Control -
ler (26-1212, $599)
enables educators to
design a Shared Learn-
ing System of up to 16
non-disk Model III stu-
dent stations connected to a disk-equipped “host” system.
Student stations access the disk drives and printer of the
teacher s host system, providing them with most of the same
disk features that make a disk-equipped computer so power-
ful. A Network 3 Shared Learning System is not only highly
cost-effective, but it eliminates the need for close supervision.
And an optional line printer attached to the host system lets
students get printouts without teacher assistance. Network 3
is designed for use with the educational software packages
indicated in this catalog by an asterisk (*). Other business or
I application packages may not be suitable for use with
Network 3.

Network 3 Operating Software (26-2775, $ 149) supports the
Network 3 host and its student stations with many of the
capabilities of TRSDOS and Disk BASIC. It permits student
stations to SAVE and LOAD programs directly to and from the
host disk, and LUST and LPRINT to the host printer. Printer
access requests are “spooled” at the host until the printer is
free, so pupils can move on to the next project without delay

Network 2
Saves You Time

Radio Shack s Network
2 Controller (26- 1211,

$499) lets teachers
connect up to 16 non-
disk student stations to
a single “host” com-
puter using the cassette ports. The teacher can up- and down-
load programs to these student stations simultaneously It
requires a Model I or III host computer with disk drive and up
to 1 6 Model I or III stations, or a Color Computer host with disk
drive and up to 16 Color Computer stations. All cables are
included.

Radio Shack Has a Complete Selection
Of RS-232C Cables and Extenders

We have an assortment of cables and accessories for the
Network 3 (or other RS-232C serial requirements). Our
Extended RS-232C Cables allow great flexibility Round cable
lengths include: 10-ft. (26-1490, $29.95), 25-ft. (26-1491,
$39.95), 50- ft (26-1492, $54.95) and 100-ft (26-1493,
$89.95). The RS-232C Cable Extender (26-1495, $29 95) lets
you customize cable lengths. The Model III RS-232C Cable
Extender (26-1497, $17.95) allows use of round RS-232C
cables with Model III.

Radio Shack Gives You a Variety of Helpful Educational Resource Materials

Our TRS-80 Educational Software Sourcebook (26-2756,
$4.95) is a special edition of the TRS-80 Software Sourcebook.
Vendor-furnished listings include descriptions of programs,
plus user site references.

The TRS-80 Microcomputer Information Handbook for Edu-
cators (26-27 57, $2.50) describes what microcomputers are
and how they can be used in classrooms.

Radio Shacks Proposal Writing Guide (26-2754, $9.95) is a
guide for educators seeking funding from an outside source
for computer-related education projects.

Basic Computer Literacy: Computers Past and Present (26-
2755, $9.95) illustrates the history of computers.

Careers in Computing (26-2758, $130) contains a filmstrip,
spirit masters, 30 student manuals and more Additional
Student Manuals (26-2759, $1 each) are available.

My TRS-80 Likes Me (26-275 1 , $2.50) is a teacher s guide to
helping elementary students understand and enjoy BASIC.

Number Patterns (26-2752, $2.50) shows how to introduce
sequences and series in an enjoyable way using computers.

We Offer a Complete K-8 Math Series
I— Including Extras That Save You Time!

I ur K-8 Math Series is ideal for use as a supplement to regular
Bassroom instruction in Kindergarten through eighth grades.
Inis series has been designed by professional educators, and
las been extensively field-tested in the classroom. Immediate
Bedback is given for correct and incorrect answers. Each
Brogram includes lesson summaries and a K-8 Math Cross-
leference to five of the most commonly-used math basals.

I he Radio Shack K-8 Math Program, Vol. I ( * 26- 1 7 1 5, $ 1 99)
Irovides randomly generated drill and practice problems in
lumber concepts, addition, subtraction, multiplication and
livision. It features student placement, skill building and test
I lodes, plus automatic promotion and demotion. A 16K
level II or Model III BASIC TRS-80 is required.

I he K-8 Math with Student Management, Vol. I (*26-1725,
I 1 99) combines the K-8 program with a student management
lapability to monitor promotions and demotions, and allow
I Dr teacher review of scores. It also starts each student in the
Ippropriate lesson each session. A 32K TRS-80 Model I or III
llisk system is required. Printer is optional.

Whe K-8 Math Worksheet Generator (26-2162, $99.95) prints
I worksheets and answer sheets from K-8 Math lessons. You
I an print multiple copies of identical worksheets or work-
sheets with different problems at the same difficulty level.
I Worksheets can be saved on disk for later use or editing. A
I *2K TRS-80 Model I or III disk system and TRS-80 line printer
lire required.

I Advanced Programs for Secondary Math

pur Essential Math Program, Vol. I and II are drill and practice
Programs for grades 7-12. They are designed to reinforce
Inath concepts introduced by the teacher. Both have been
thoroughly field-tested. Each gives immediate feedback for
I :orrect and incorrect answers, and includes placement mode,
land promotion and demotion. Both require a 16K Level II or
I Model III BASIC TRS-80.

I Essential Math, Vol. / ( * 26- 1 7 1 6, $ 1 99) includes exercises in
[addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and number
zoncepts.

\ Essential Math, Vol. II (*26-1719, $199) covers fractions,
decimals and percents, and pre-algebra concepts.

Euclid Geometry Tutor (* 26-1724, $39.95) allows students
to practice constructing proofs using nine basic postulates of
Euclidean Geometry. It was developed by a high school ge-
ometry teacher and tested extensively in the classroom. The
program consists of four modes: automatic mode completely
illustrates a proof for the student; practice and quiz modes
guide the student in constructing a proof; and a test mode
monitors and checks a student’s proof. Teacher’s manual pro-
vides exercises covering a wide variety of problems. The
program requires a 16K Level II or Model III BASIC TRS-80.

The following are additional Computer Assisted Instruction,
simulation, problem-solving, or tutorial programs for the sec-
ondary student:

Advanced Graphics (*26-1714, $39.95) gives practice in
analyzing equations, and plots graphs of functions and polar
and parametric equations.

Vector Addition (*26-1720, $39.95) illustrates and plots
components and sums of student-provided vectors.

Interpreting Graphs in Physics: Position and Velocity vs. Time
(*26-1721, $39.95) poses graph-related questions in
physics.

Graphical Analysis of
Experimental Data
(*26-1722, $39.95)
plots data pairs that
the student inputs.

Investigations in
Integral Calculus
(*26-2600, $39.95),
graphs and computes
areas of functions.

Plane Analytic Geom-
etry (*26-2602,

$39.95), generates
problems with em-
phasis on straight
lines as well as conic
sections.

Number Theory (*26-2613, $69.95) includes definitions,
examples, and exercises on number theory concepts.

Matrices, Determinants, and Simultaneous Equations
(*26-2620, $49.95) generates problems related to simple
matrix algebra.

Quadratic Equations (*26-2623, $49.95) covers coefficient
recognition, discriminate evaluation, type of roots, etc.

Each of the above programs requires a 16K Level II or
Model III BASIC TRS-80.

Learning in an Electronic Chemistry Lab

The TRS-80 Chemistry Lab uses imaginative graphics and a
series of mathematical equations to simulate chemical reac-
tions that occur under actual laboratory conditions. Students
control variables in experiments in order to see the changing
results. Experiment topics in-
clude Kinetic Theory, Charles’

Law, Boyle’s Law, Titration,

Conductivity and Solubility.

Each package includes an in-
structor’s manual and 25 stu-
dent experiment books. The
instructor’s manual offers sug-
gested areas for emphasis and
methods of presentation. Stu-
dent experiment books include
topical background material on
each experiment, instructions
for using the programs, plus
worksheets for use in summa-
rizing experiment results.

TRS-80 Chemistry Lab, Vol. I is available for the TRS-80 III/I
( * 26-2609, $ 1 99, 1 6K Level II or Model III BASIC) and for the
TRS-80 Color Computer (26-2626, $199, 16K Color Com-
puter and cassette player).

Additional Student Experiment Books ( 26-2666, $3 each) are
available for the TRS-80 Chemistry Lab, Vol. I.

Sharpen Your Students’ 10-Key Skills

Our Numeric Data Entry Practice (26-2601 , $39.95) is a 25-
lesson practice course to help students develop speed and
accuracy in the 10-key entry of numeric data. Using the
TRS-80 standard numeric keypad, students “key in” num-
bers, and the computer graphs and records performance. It’s
an ideal business education program. A 32K TRS-80 Model I
or III disk system is required. Printer is optional.

0 Network 3 compatible

Radio Shack’s Computer Education Series

These Courses in
BASIC Programming
are complete class-
room packages. Each
package includes a set
of overhead transpar-
encies, a teacher s man-
ual with instructions
and answers, and 25
student workbooks.
Each of the ten lessons
has five parts —
overview, objectives, note-taking guide, quick quiz and
hands-on computer activity. Hands-on experience helps
reinforce important programming concepts, principles and
techniques.

Part 1: Introduction to BASIC (26-2150, $220) introduces
students to the TRS-80 and BASIC language.

Additional Student Workbooks for Part 1 (26-2151, $3.50
each) are available.

Part 2: BASIC Programming (26-2152, $260) continues the
concepts introduced in Part 1 . Topics include arrays, memory
management, string manipulation, and more.

Additional student Workbooks for Part 2 (26-2153, $4.50
each) are available.

Part 3. Advanced BASIC (26-2154, $260) introduces the
INKEY$ statement, ASCII character set, action graphics, cas-
sette data files, mathematic and trigonometric functions, and
multi-dimensional arrays.

Additional Student Workbooks for Part 3 (26-2155, $4.50
each) are available.

NOTE: Software not included in the above series. Student activities
are designed for hands-on experience with Level II or Model III
BASIC.

Computer Discovery for Senior High (26-2632, $189.95
requires a 32K TRS-80 Model III disk system. Additions
Workbooks (26-2636,

$4.25 each) are
available.

Computer Discovery
introduces comput-
ers, their evolution
and impact on soci-
ety, and basic pro-
gramming concepts.
Each includes interac-
tive exercises, 25
workbooks, and in-
structor’s manual.

Computer Discovery
for Junior High
(26-2630, $189.95)
requires a disk-based
32K Model III. Addi-
tional Workbooks
(26-2631, $4.25
each) are available.

Our Introduction
to TRS-80 Level II
BASIC (26-2116,
$9.95) is a unique
textbook for use with
secondary students.
An excellent intro-
duction to BASIC pro-
gramming, it includes
many programming
examples. New con-
cepts are introduced
sequentially, with stu-
dent exercises at the
end of each chapter.

MKHaeLPzaansKi

Computer Discovery is a trademark of SRA. Inc

Radio Shack and TRS-80 are Number One in the Classroom

Radio Shack is the leading marketer of microcomputers to

schools, with more TRS-80 computers in America’s schools
than any other brand. And we maintain an extensive devel-
opment effort to produce instructionally sound, effective, and
properly validated educational materials.

We offer educators a variety of special services. Our
National Bid Department gives prompt attention to school
bids. Our National Lease Department can put the TRS-80 into
your classroom with terms that meet almost any budget. We
offer “carry-in” and "on-site” service plans, too. And as an
educator you are eligible to attend our educator’s workshop or
Part 1 or Part 2 BASIC classes without charge at one of over
350 Radio Shack Computer Centers.

Radio Shack gives you complete support. We have 24 Edu-
cational Coordinators located across the country. They can
conduct demonstrations, workshops, and in-service training
sessions for your school district. And they can assist you in
selecting the computer system and courseware that best suits
your needs. For more information, visit your nearest Radio
Shack store, Computer Center or participating dealer. Or call
your Educational Coordinator.

For the name of the full-time Radio Shack
Educational Coordinator in your area, call our
Education Division at 800-433-5682 toll-
free. In Texas, call 800-772-8538.

Radio /hack

The biggest name in little computers®

A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION

FC-0604

Microfazer, continued...

ready, etc.). A second pushbutton switch,
labeled “Copy" is used to repeat the print
operation with the data in the MicroFazer
buffer. When this has been pressed, a red
“Copy" LED is illuminated.

MicroFazer is available in three config-
urations, parallel in/parallel out, serial
in/parallel out, and serial in/serial out.

If you are doing a really heavy volume
of printing, two or more MicroFazers can
be connected end to end to obtain in-
creased buffering ( 128K, 192K, or more).

Another related product by Quadram
is InterFazer which is described in the
manual as “an intelligent controller/buffer
that allows up to eight computers to be
connected to one or two printers. Com-
puters can be connected either through
serial or parallel input ports and the print-
ers can be serial or parallel. Inputs and
outputs do not have to match."

Simple Operation

Once installed, the MicroFazer is invis-
ible to the user. Upon powering up your
system, you simply turn on the computer,
printer, and MicroFazer. If everything is
plugged into a switch-type power strip,
one switch can bring up the whole system.
The “ready” indicators on the printer and
MicroFazer should both be on. If they
are not, pressing the reset button on
MicroFazer should bring everything to a
ready state.

During printing, the MicroFazer reset
button will clear the buffer and halt the
print process.

As long as the ready LED is illuminated,
you can send data to the MicroFazer. For
example, if you are printing a long docu-
ment and finish editing a short one, you
can send it to the MicroFazer and go on
to something else. Just be sure the second
document starts with a printer form feed.

Summary

The MicroFazer saves a significant
amount of computer time when printing
long documents. With a slow daisy wheel
printer (40 cps and under), the computer
will be tied up for printing less than 1% of
the time it would be without the Micro-
Fazer. With a medium speed printer (80
cps range), the time saving is about 1 to
46, while with a higher speed printer ( 200
cps) the saving is still a significant 1 to 20.

MicroFazer is easy to install on most
printers with parallel Centronics-type con-
nectors or serial DB-25 type connectors.
In normal operation. MicroFazer is invisi-
ble to the user.

The price of a parallel/parallel 8K free-
standing MicroFazer is SI 69: the snap-on
unit is S10 less. Both 64K units cost the
same. S299. MicroFazer is available in
many computer stores or directly from
the manufacturer, Quadram Corp., 4357
Park Dr., Norcross, GA 30093. (404) 923-
6666 . □

Maxell. The Gold Standard.

The floppy disks that meet or
exceed every standard of quality.

Look for the Gold Standard seal.

It's your assurance that Maxell disks meet
or exceed ever y definition of quality. For
every computer, including yours.

Dealer Inquiries Invited

252 Bethlehem Pike
Colmar, PA 18915
215-822-7727

CIRCLE 102 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Learn Successful Computerized Investing
To Make Money In Any Stock Market
& Gain Financial Freedom

If you want to increase your personal wealth
white beating any stock market in the work!
at its own game then th e Wall Street TAP
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your immediate and serious attention

Stockline and Stock Stalker are finally
available to help you build lifelong financial
independence tor yourself by unlocking
the basic secrets of how to succeed m any
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market Now. more and more market
professionals who use technical analysis,
are switching to this kind of software

These two superior packages
systematically compute stock and market
data into graphic charts, displays and updatm

printouts mat allow you to Quickly evaluate manual

the quality, value and trend of any target
stock moving in any market

Both Stockline and Stock Stalker use the
same reliable and proven appraisal
techniques perfected by seasoned stock
market specialists to pick their stocks
Offering unparalleled value-per -dollar
features and simplicity of operation they
are designed exclusively for the home
computer owner who seeks new. exciting
ways to employ his hardware

Easy to use. each program is
self-documented menu-driven, help desk
supported user-friendly, self -prompting
with error trapping entry and batch
updating The accompanying operations
manual is extensive, understandable and

comes complete with hardcopy samples

Configuration Apple II with Applesoft
AOM or Apple II Plus TRS-80 Model I or III
48K t disk drive

Valuable Bonus Extra With Stockline'

When you order Stockline you II receive
FREE . a 6-month subscription to Computer
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CIRCLE 279 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Printer Update

Even as we checked the last typeface
and measured the last decibel for the
foregoing evaluations, new printers were
being announced at fall Comdex in Las
Vegas.

The capsule descriptions that follow
were gleaned from press releases provided
by manufacturers of some of the most
significant printers introduced.

For more information, circle the indi-
cated Reader Service numbers and watch
these pages for in-depth evaluations in
future issues.

Anadex DP-9625A

Anadex has introduced their newest
dual-pass dot-matrix printer, the DP-

9625 A. This printer has a speed range of
50-200 cps, depending on the letter quality
mode selected. The DP-9625A is capable
of hi-res graphics with up to 144 dpi.
Anadex claims a noise level of 55 dBA.
The DP-9625A has parallel and serial
interfaces standard. Anadex. 9825 De
Soto Ave., Chatsworth, CA 91311. (213)
998-8010.

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Hi-G Durawriters

Hi-G is manufacturing a new line of
high performance dot-matrix printers
designed for heavy-duty business use. The
three printers are essentially the same
with different width columns (132, 80,
and 80 for continuous form printing). The
Durawriters check in at around 150 cps

Owen Linzmayer

at less than 60 dBA. Each is bi-directional,
logic-seeking and has a 3422-character
buffer. These printers come with

Centronics compatible parallel, RS-232C
serial, or current loop interfaces. Hi-G
Inc., 580 Spring St., Windsor Locks, CT
060%. (203) 623-2481.

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Transtar 130 and 315

At Comdex, Transtar unveiled two new
printers. The Transtar 130 is a letter
quality printer compatible with all word
processing software using Diablo routines.

The 130 has a standard 2K buffer, and 16
cps bi-directional printing, and can be
ordered with either parallel or serial inter-
facing.

The Transtar 315 four-color printer has
a price of $599. Over 30 possible shades
of color can be printed with one pass due

72

to a unique four hammer printhead.
Transtar offers an Apple II interface
option, PICS, which allows for easy screen
dumps. Transtar, Box C-96975, Bellevue,
WA 98009. (206) 454-9250.

CIRCLE 41 5 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Trilog TIP-150

This printer has a top speed of 150
lines per minute. The TIP- 150 can print
up to 16.6 cpi on 3" to 16" fan-fold paper.

The TIP-150 is an intelligent printer which
employs dot-matrix impact printing and
provides built-in graphics plotting capa-
bilities. It is field upgradeable to the TIP-

March 1 983 c Creative Computing

NEC’s new letter-quality printer
gets personal with IBM.

The Spinwriter™3550 lets the IBM PC
get down to business.

NEC’s new Spinwriter letter-quality
printer is the only one plug-compatible
with the IBM Personal Computer. So you
get the business applications you’ve been
wishing for. Letter-quality output for
word and data processing. Multi-language,
scientific, and technical printing. Simple
forms handling. Quiet operation. And the
reliability of the industry’s most popular
printer line.

N EC designed the new Spinwriter espe-
cially for the IBM PC. It comes complete
with documentation and training materials
to fit your PC user’s handbook. Just plug
the Spinwriter in and your PC instantly
becomes more versatile and flexible.

More than 8 forms handlers and
50 print thimbles boost PC versatility.

NEC designed the Spinwriter’s 8 modular
forms handlers to accommodate a wide
range of paper and document sizes and
types. The easily mounted handlers let
your computer print out the forms you

need for data processing, word processing,
graphics, accounting or other business
applications.

The Spinwriter’s 50 print thimbles
can more than triple your PC’s usefulness.
They come in both constant pitch and

f >roportional-spaced fonts, plus in foreign
anguage, technical and scientific versions.
They snap in and out in seconds, and let
you print up to 203 columns on 16-inch
paper. They each last for more than 30
million impressions.

This printer’s special features make
everything look better on paper.

The Spinwriter’s software-invoked
features include automatic proportional
spacing; bidirectional, bold and shadow
printing; justification; centering; under-
scoring; and sub/super scripting, all at
speeds up to 350 words per minute.

That big extra, Spinwriter reliability.

Spinwritcrs have the industry’s best
mean-time-between-failure rating, in ex-
cess of 3,000 hours. In terms of average
personal computer usage, that’s more
than five years.

The Spinwriter 3550 is available at

ComputerLand stores. Sears Business
Systems Centers and IBM Product
Centers nationwide.

NEC Information Systems, Inc.

5 Militia Drive, Lexington, MA 02173

Send me more information on the
Spinwriter 3550.

1 Name

j Title

Telephone |

■ Company

J Address

1 City

State Zip

L

CC0383 |

SEC

NEC Information Systems, fnc.

Spinwriter is a trademark of Nippon Electric Co . Ltd

CIRCLE 248 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Printer Update, continued...

300, which has a speed of 300 lines per
minute. Trilog Inc., 17391 Murphy Ave.,
Irvine, CA 92714. (714) 549-4079.

CIRCLE 41 6 ON READER SERVICE CARD

C. Itoh A-10 Daisy Wheel and 8600
Impact

The A-10 is a complement to earlier C.
Itoh printers, with a 10-character wheel
and a print speed of 18 cps. A-10 options

include serial or parallel interfaces and
friction- or tractor-feed.

The 8600 is a variable speed printer
with an 18-wire head. It can handle hi-res
graphics, letter quality, and data pro-
cessing ( 180 cps). The printer has a 9 x 9

matrix and an 80-column format. The
8600 is bi-directional, and has a 2K
expandable buffer and standard parallel
and serial interfacing. C. Itoh Electronics,
5301 Beethoven St., Los Angeles, CA
90066. (213) 306-6700.

CIRCLE 41 7 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Data Impact D-82 F/T

Data Impact, a Boston firm introduces
a low-cost dot-matrix printer with selec-
table tractor or friction feed. A 7 x 7
matrix, 100 cps bi-directional print speed,
and 800-character buffer are some of the
features of the S599 D-82 F/T printer.
Data Impact Products, 745 Atlantic Ave.,
Boston, MA 02111. (617) 492-4214.

CIRCLE 418 ON READER SERVICE CARD
GE 3010

Expanding their 3000 line of printers,
GE offers its new creation, the GE 3010
dot-matrix printer with dot-addressable
graphics. The 3010 can print up to four
copies bi-directionally at 160 cps. The
3010 has a 2K standard buffer and
employs a printhead capable of contin-
uous underscoring and descenders. The
3010 uses a four-pin tractor, handles paper
ranging from 3" to 15.5” and has a print
density which can be set at a maximum of

16.5 cpi. General Electric Data Com-
munications, Waynesboro, VA 22980.
(703) 949-1 170.

CIRCLE 419 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Printronix MVP

The MVP is the newest matrix impact
line printer available from Printronix. The
MVP is styled for office use and can print
up to 200 lines per minute, and plot a

maximum of 27.9 inches per minute. The
MVP carries a price tag of $3745.
Printronix, 17500 Cartwright Rd., Box
19559, Irvine, CA 92713. (714) 549-7700.

CIRCLE 420 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Panasonic KX-P1160 and KX-P1090

Two dot-matrix impact printers fea-
turing hi-speed printing and graph capa-
bilities have been introduced by
Panasonic. The KX-P1160 is a bidirec-
tional 16-pin printer with a logic seeking
head designed to print up to 1% cps. The

9 x 13 matrix forms % ASCII characters
with descenders. This unit has an adjust-
able sprocket pin feed capable of handling
fan-fold paper from 4” to 15” in width and
sells for $1550.

The model KX-P1090 features an end-
less and seamless cartridge ribbon. It is a
bi-directional 9-pin printer which can
print 96 cps and 80 characters per line.
The KX-P1090 accepts paper 4” to 10” in
width. With the standard parallel inter-

face, the KX-P1090 printer costs $650.
Panasonic. 1 Panasonic Way, Secaucus,
NJ 07094.(201)348-5337.

CIRCLE 421 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Facit/Dataroyal I PS -5000- V

Expanding its IPS-5000 family of intelli-
gent printers, Facit/Dataroyal has intro-
duced the IPS-5000-V, a 165 cps unit that
prints text, pin graphics (72 x 120 resolu-
tion), variable-sized matrix characters,

nine bar codes, and labels for shipping
and other applications. The IPS-5000-V
comes with a parallel interface and a
standard 2K character buffer. Facit/
Dataroyal,235 Main Dunstable Rd., Box
828, Nashua, NH 03061.

CIRCLE 422 ON READER SERVICE CARD

MPI Printmate 99

This 100 cps unit comes with a IK
buffer (expandable to 2K) and is equipped
for both parallel and serial interface. Near
letter-quality printing is possible with an
11x9 dot matrix font. Friction and

a

#« a

tractor-feed are user selectable. Paper can
be loaded from the front, bottom, or rear
of the unit. Hi-res, dot addressable graph-
ics capabilities are standard. Micro Peri-
pherals, Inc., 4426 South Century Dr.,
Salt Lake City, UT 84107. (800) 821-8848.

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74

March 1983 c Creative Computing

GREAT NEWS FOR EVERYONE WITH A
PERSONAL COMPUTER! A NEW BREED
OF PRINTER, PURRRFECTLY PRICED.

1 60 CPS Advanced,
Multifunction Printing
For Under $700.

When advertising. TV and film peo-
ple need a puma to pose or a lion on
location, they call the Dawn Animal
Agency. Daily. Dawn sends their ex-
otic animals from coast to coast. And
they generate a jungle of data in the
process. Like so many growing busi-
nesses. they need to mate a personal
computer to a printer that will keep
pace with business demands. But
won't take a huge bite from the
budget.

Okidata’s new multifuction Micro-
line (ML) 92 printer is just the animal. It
prints high resolution, correspon-
dence quality text that’s a match for
any daisywheel’s at 40 cps. Graphics
and emphasized and enhanced print-
ing at 80 cps. And bidirectional, data
processing with short line seeking
logic at 1 60 cps. Add an alternate,
downline loadable character set. and
you ve got one heck of a printer. And
there's an ML 93. too. that adds wide-
column printing to the picture.

Both of our new high performers
have no duty cycle limitations and
feature the Okidata. 9-pin print head

that's guaranteed for one full year. But
the really great news about each is
price: $699 suggested retail for the
ML 92: $1249 for its big brother.
Absolutely purrrfect.

For more great news about the ML
92. 93 and all the Okidata printers,
see your computer dealer or call
I -800-OKIDATA. In N|. 609-235-
2600. Okidata. Mt. Laurel. N| 08054.

OKIDATA

A subsidiary of Oki Electric Industry Company Ltd

All Okidata printers are compatible with Apple. IBM. Radio Shack. Osborne and just about every other personal computer.

CIRCLE 221 ON READER SERVICE CARD

THE SUPERPLOTTER

version??

For use with Apple™
Computer Systems

Th« Superplotter is a highly versatile business
engineering, educational, math and graphics ap
plications package featuring

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Data may be input directly or from previously
generated data files Comprehensive documen
tation is provided including printer dump mstruc
tions and directions for accessing data bases
created by other programs Requires Applesoft
and one DOS 3 3 disk drive

$69.95

See your local dealer for a demonstration ,0f *<>»•••*»«•■ Ou«m, rwpon*

or order direct from

dickens Data Systems

478 Engle Dr. / Tucker. Ga. 30084 / (404)491 7905

outside Georgia:

(800) 241 8753 ext. 503

COD. VISA. & MasterCard accepted
Mail Orders Add $2 50 for shipping and handling
i imamw owfUy c«p«ihmw« ($5 00 outside the USA)

G*»p**ks Display Simp# v

CIRCLE 159 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Not Just Another
Skimmer Camp.

Learning is part of the fun
at ATARI ' Computer Camps.

• Coed, ages 10-16

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PACKER Machine language proaram that edits all or
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or ease editing The 5 options include UNPACK -
unpacks multiple statement lines into single statements
maintaining logic inserts spaces and renumbers lines
SHORT-deletes unnecessary words, spaces, and REM
statements PACK -packs lines into maximum multiple
statement lines, maintaining program logic RENUM —
renumbers lines, including all branches MOVE - moves
line or blocks of lines to any new location in program
On 2 cassettes for 16K. 32K. A 48K For TRS-SO 1 **

Mod I or III Level II or Disk Basic $29 95

SYSTEM TAPE DUPLICATOR Copy your SYSTEM
format tapes Includes verify routines The Model III
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For TRS-SO™ Model I or III Level II $15 95

CASSETTE LABEL MAKER A mini word processor
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peel-and-stick labels on tractor feed paper
For TRS-80™ Model I or III Level II A Printer $17 95
PRINT TO LPRINT TO PRINT Edits your Basic program
in seconds to change all Prints to LPnnts (except
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• With or without computer skills

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COMPUTER CAMPS

FAST SORTING ROUTINES: For use with Radio
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FAST SORT for Accounts Receivable $19 95

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Prices subiect to change without notice Call or write
for complete catalog Dealer inquiries invited VISA
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currency only Kansas residents add 3% sales tax
On-line catalog on Wichita FORUM-80: 316-682-2113
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614 N Haromg Wichita. KS 67208
TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corporation

call collect 212/889-5200. Staff applicants should
apply in writing. Q A Wa met Communications ( ompany

CIRCLE 152 ON READER SERVICE CARD

CIRCLE 1 1 1 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Printer Update, continued...

Mannesman!! Tally MT 160

Designed for professionals in business,
science, and industry, the MT 160 offers
a print speed of lfi) cps, bi-directional
printing, logic seeking, eight letter widths.

full graphics capability, and dual interface
ports. Mannesmann Tally, 8301 South
180th St., Kent, WA 98032. (206) 251-
5500.

CIRCLE 424 ON READER SERVICE CARO

Infoscribe 12(H) and 1500

The 1200 is Infoscribe s first multicolor
(8) dot-matrix printer. This unit prints up
to 200 cps. and dot density can go as high
as a 19 x 18 matrix. In the dot-addressable

color graphics mode, the printer resolu-
tion is 72 x 72 dpi. The 1200 costs $2495
and has a six month warranty.

The Infoscribe 1500 is a high speed
dot-matrix printer offering up to 400 cps.
The 1500 printhead has a double set of
wires (18 wires total) which allows for
high speed output. Dot addressable graph-
ics (72 x 72 dpsi) are available. The 1500
handles superscripts, subscripts, and

underlining. It has a 3500-character input
buffer, resident and downloadable char-
acter sets, and an integral self-test.
Infoscribe, 2720 South Croddy Way,
Santa Ana, CA 92704. (714)641-8595. □

CIRCLE 425 ON READER SERVICE CARD

March 1983 c Creative Computing

New From Sirius"

For The Big Game Hunter
VJRMQA--

You're being attacked
from both sides by the
most evil aliens to
ever fly the unfriendly
skies. Luckily, your
intergalactic fighter
can blast seven
enemies into cosmic
dust at once. Trouble
is, those aliens are
very fast. If you can
turn the lights off and
be in bed before the
room gets dark, then
you might be ready for
Turmoil.

I Those cranky crabs
I are trying to drive the
Iducks from their once
I quiet pond. Imagine,
crabs taking to the air
armed with bricks and
ombs' Luckily, Deadly
I Duck has a few tricks
I of his own. His gun
parrel bill can unleash
la bevy of crab cracking
bullets at a moment s
notice. Look out,

| Deadly, here comes
another brick! It takes
more fhan luck to
play Deadly Duck.

FAMlTASirilC

VOYAGE

An incredible medical
journey is about to
begin. You and your
submarine are to be
reduced to micro-
scopic proportions and
injected into the blood
stream of a critically ill
patient. You must
navigate past deadly
Defense Cells.
Bacteria. Antibodies
and Enzymes to
destroy a life-
threatening blood clot
near each patient s
brain. Prepare yourself
for one Fantastic
Voyage!

Sirius™

You've got to be cool
and you've got to be
steady to play Fast
Eddie. Eddie is on a
wild treasure hunt,
climbing up and down
ladders everywhere in
search of prizes.
Things would sure be
a lot easier if it weren't
for all of those pesky
little Sneakers’"
running around. They
literally keep him
jumping!

Video Game Cartridges For The Atari 400, Atari 800, VIC-20 And Commodore 64 Computers

Deadly Duck, Fast Eddie, Turmoil and Fantastic Voyage program and audio visual 1982 Sirius, packaging C 1982 Fox Video Games. Deadly Duck, Fast
Eddie. Turmoil and Sirius are trademarks of Sirius Software, Inc. Fantastic Voyage is a 20th Century Fox Film Corporation Production. Atari is a trademark of
Atari, Inc. VIC-20 and Commodore 64 are trademarks of Commodore Business Machines, Inc. Sirius is not affiliated with Atari or Commodore.

For more Information contact your local Sirius dealer or distributor or contact us at 10364 Rockingham Drive,

Sacramento, CA 95827, (916) 366-1195.

CIRCLE 268 ON READER SERVICE CARD

For years, people have been
trying to build a better Apple' II.

It finally happened.

Meet the Apple lie, an
impressive new version of a
most impressive machine.

The “e” means enhanced.
Which means a bundle of new
features:

A standard memory of 64K
(versus 48K) that’s easily

expandable. So you can create
fatter files and crunch larger
numbers of numbers.

A new, improved keyboard,
with a complete set of ASCII
standard characters. Plus full
cursor controls, programmable
function keys, and a rapid
auto-repeat feature built into
every key on the board.

Both upper and lower case

characters. (And if you want
to see more of them on the
screen at one time, a low cost
80-column text card is available. )

Improved peripheral ports.
Which make it a lot easier to
connect and disconnect game
controllers, printers and all
those other wonderful things
that go with an Apple Personal
Computer.

Except for the front,
back and inside.

Self-diagnostics. That's a
special feature that makes it
easy to give your computer a
thorough check-up.

Plus an even more reliable
design. Achieved by reducing
the number of components—
which is to say, the number of
things that could go wrong.

And bear in mind, the He
still has all those other virtues
that made the Apple II so very
popular. Including access to
more accessories, peripheral
devices and software than any
other personal computer you
can buy.

So visit any of our over 1300

authorized dealers, and see the
newest Apple for yourself.

Like the original, it’s rather
extraordinary. But then some
things never change.

__qppkz

The most personal computer.

Call (800) 538-9696 for the location of the authorized Apple dealer nearest you. or for information regarding corporate purchases through our National Account Program
In California (800) 662-9238. Or write Apple Computer Inc . Advertising and Promotion Dept . 20525 Mariam Ave . Cupertino. CA 95014 C 1983 Apple Computer Inc

CIRCLE 108 ON READER SERVICE CARD

©1962 SPECTRA VDEO. NC

HOW TO BEAT
ANY VIDEO CAME

Beating any video game is easy, but
beating it single handed takes a lot more.

It takes a good joystick that is responsive
and comfortable Now with Spectravision's
new Quick-Shot™ Joystick Controller, you can
do it all single-handed, control and fire at the same time.

One look at the handle and you know you'll have a better ghp on
your game. It's contour design fits comfortably around your palm. You
can play for hours without developing a case of sore thumb The
firepower button on top of the handle gives you that extra margin of

THE WINNING EDGE.

CONTOUR HANDLE OPTIONAL LEFT HAND UNIVERSAL JACK & REMOVABLE SURE
AND RAPID FIRE BUTTON FIRE BUTTON LONG CORD FOOT SUCTION CUPS

speed (We didn't call it Quick-Shot for
nothing.) You also have the option to use
the left hand fire button simultaneously
The four removable suction cups hold the
entire joystick firmly on any surface. It also comes with a long cord.

With all those superior features in one joystick, you know you got
yourself a winning combination And when it comes to beating video
gomes, one hand is all you need!

Get the Quick-Shot™ now, you'll be that much ahead After all,
winning is what every game is all about

K§

TM

BY

39 W 37th Street, New York, N Y. 10018

•ATARI VCS™. 400 & 800 COMPUTER SYSTEMS 1 " ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF ATARI. INC ‘SEARS VIDEO ARCADE™ IS A TRADEMARK OF SEARS. ROEBUCK & CO *VIC 20™1S A TRADEMARK OF COMMODORE

CIRCLE 262 ON READER SERVICE CARD

creative 1 1
computing

evaluation

Word Processing
On The Apple
With WordStar
and Diablo

When you use your Apple for word
processing, do you find you are becom-
ing increasingly frustrated by the limita-
tions of your “simple” 40-column Apple
word processing program? If so, at one
time or another you have probably
considered upgrading your Apple for
serious word processing — specifically,
by adding an 80-column card, a letter
quality printer, and a professional word
processing program.

This is exactly what I went through.
At the time, I had been using Apple
Computer’s Applewriter program, Dan
Paymar's lower case adapter and a
Trendcom 200 printer for my word
processing. Despite the many limitations
of that combination (40-column display,
words split across lines, and hard to read
thermal paper outputs), I found I was
using my Apple for word processing
more and more often. In fact, word
processing had become the main
application for my Apple, exceeding
even VisiCalc. I found my use of it for
composing draft — copies of reports,
memoranda, and letters saved me time
and improved my writing. The ease with
which text could be altered and modified
on the computer made it easy for me to
experiment with words — far easier than
if I had used pencil and paper.

These gains in personal productivity
spurred me to think how much greater
my productivity would be with a pro-
fessional word processing system. It was
at that time I decided to turn my Apple
into a “professional quality” word
processing system.

I decided my upgraded system would
consist of a Diablo 630 printer, a Videx
Videoterm 80-column display, and

Jerry Mar. 1495 Chukar Court. Sunnyvale. CA 94087.

March 1983 c Creative Computing

Jerry Mar

MicroPro’s WordStar word processing
program.

I chose the Diablo 630 because of its
flexibility in handling both plastic and
metal daisy wheel print wheels, and be-
cause it was the most established (i.e.,
been on the market for the longest time)
of the second generation daisy wheel
printers (lower cost printers using more
electronics and fewer mechanics). I
chose the Videx 80-column card because

81

of its relatively cool operation (it uses
low power CMOS integrated circuits),
its use of a 7x9 character matrix (its
characters seem more readable than the
other cards I had looked at), and be-
cause (at the time of my purchase) it was
one of two 80-column cards directly sup-
ported in the installation procedures in-
cluded with WordStar.

Although WordStar requires a Z80
SoftCard to be added to the Apple (to
enable it to run CP/M programs), I
chose it because of its reputation as the
Cadillac of microcomputer word
processing programs and because the fi-
nal printout format (including page

Apple/Diablo, continued...

breaks) is continuously visible as text is
entered.

Many of you may be considering such
an upgrade, so let me describe what I
went through to make it work. Let me
say at the outset that my final system
works very well, but getting there was
anything but straightforward. In making
such a combination work, one is faced
with making five semi-independent com-
puter systems (the Apple 6502, the
SoftCard Z80, the controller on the Ap-
ple printer serial interface card, the
keyboard/character processor in the 80-
column card, and the 8085 microproces-
sor in the printer) work together. The

My final system works
very well, but getting
there was anything but
straightforward.

whole process took several months of ef-
fort. I took many blind paths, made lots
of mistakes, and spent more money than
I neeued to. Fortunately, you can learn
from my experience and avoid my
pitfalls.

What Not To Do

Because of my existing Applewriter
text files and the considerable expense of
the upgrade, I decided to do the upgrade
in several stages. Since the most limiting
feature of the Applewriter / Trendcom
combination was its inability to generate
letter quality reports, the first stage of
my upgrade was to add a Diablo 630
daisy wheel printer to use with my exist-
ing Applewriter program. As you will
later see, this was a mistake.

An RS-232C serial interface is needed
to connect such printers to the Apple.
Following the recommendations in my
Applewriter manual, I purchased the Ap-
ple High Speed Serial Card for this
purpose.

Now it turns out that Diablo 630 re-
ceive-only printers (printers without a
typewriter keyboard) come in three ver-
sions. There is the bottom of the line ver-
sion (Model R1 10, also called the OEM
model) with a minimal three-button con-
trol panel. There is the middle version
(Model R102, often referred to as the
standard model) with a seven-button
control panel and a full complement of
warning indicators. Finally, there is the
full-featured version (Model R104,
which is the standard version upgraded
with the W/P or Communications Op-
tion) with an eight-button control panel,
built-in word processing commands and
non-volatile memory (settings are re-
tained even after power is shut off).

After some experimentation, I found
my \py\e/ Applewriter /\\\%\x Speed Se-
rial Card combination would operate
properly only with the full-featured
Model R104 Diablo 630. Thinking that
extra features would ensure compatibil-
ity with later word processing upgrades,

I chose the R104 Diablo 630. With
Applewriter , this combination worked
superbly — however, as you will later see,
it did not work well with WordStar.

I completed my upgrade when
MicroPro released version 3.0 of
WordStar for the Apple. In addition to
buying that version of WordStar , I pur-
chased the Videx 80-column card and
the Microsoft Z80 SoftCard. Since my
old 9” Sanyo monitor was barely up to
resolving 80 columns of characters, I
also ended up purchasing a 12" NEC
green screen monitor. Because WordStar
(and most CP/M programs) are de-
signed to be used with two-drive sys-
tems, I also added a second disk drive to
my system.

Eager to make use of my new word
processing capability, I proceeded di-
rectly to the installation of the program
on my system. In WordStar this is done
by running a special program called
INSTALL.COM, which presents a
menu-driven series of questions to the
user. The selections chosen by the user
configure the interface of the program to
the hardware. Everything went
smoothly until I reached the section on
installing the printer.

In version 3.0 of WordStar , the
Printer Selection menu includes a line
for the Diablo 630. After I had selected
that line, a message appeared telling me
to select the ETX/ACK protocol in the
next menu. The next installation menu
was entitled Communications Protocol,
and sure enough one of its selections was
called ETX/ACK protocol. Obediently,
I made that choice.

This menu was followed by the Driver
menu which included such cryptic selec-
tions as CP/M List Device (LST:),
CP/M primary Console Device (TTY:),
Port Driver (direct I/O to 8-bit ports),
and User-installed driver subroutines.
After several readings of the manual I
concluded that Port Driver was the cor-
rect choice, hoping that I was finished
with this multiple-choice game.

My hopes were dashed when the pro-
gram presented the first of the Port
Driver selections: I/O and Memory
Mapped. Rushing back to the WordStar
manual, I looked in vain for some clue
as to the correct selection. Finding none
there, I searched for a hint in my Apple
manuals. Somewhat hesitantly, I con-
cluded that Memory Mapped was the
correct choice.

That choice led immediately to the
following series of questions: What is the

82

Output address in hex? What is the Out-
put Status address in hex? What is the
Input address in hex? and What is the
Input Status address in hex? These were
followed by: What are the Output Port
Bits for your printer? and What are the
Input Status Port Bits for your printer?
At this point I knew I was licked and
immediately sought help. In an escalat-
ing fashion, I went to my dealer, Diablo
customer service, and MicroPro cus-
tomer service.

PH spare you the gory details. Let me
just say that I got different solutions
from each source, and that none of the
solutions using the Port Driver selection
worked. On reporting my lack of suc-
cess, the majority of my sources told me
that I should then specify: the Teletype-
like selection in the Printer Menu, None
Required selection in the Protocol
Menu, and CP/M list device (LST:)
selection in the Driver Menu. However,
they warned me that this arrangement
did not allow handshaking (i.e., would
not allow the printer and computer to
communicate both ways) so that I would
not be able to send characters to my
printer at rates greater than 300 baud.

The last arrangement did work, and
worked at 1200 baud. However, de-
sirable word processing print features

The first stage of my
upgrade was to add a
Diablo 630 daisy wheel
printer to use with my
existing Applewriter
program. This was a
mistake.

like bold-face and micro-justification
(the WordStar approximation of propor-
tional spacing) could not be used with
that selection. I found these features
were usable when the Diablo 630 selec-
tion was chosen in place of Teletype in
the Printer Menu, however this installa-
tion had one problem.

With this installation, the program
would not print properly in the single-
page mode (this is where the printer
stops after each page so that a new sheet
of paper can be inserted.) The first page
would print out perfectly, but after the
paper change, succeeding pages were
printed without any left margin. This
happened at both 300 baud and 1200
baud.

After many more phone calls I was
told that I should use California
Computing’s CCS7710A interface card
instead of the Apple High Speed Serial
Card. I tried that card and found I had

March 1983 c Creative Computing

More Apple II owners choose Hayes with a tr;
Micromodem II than any other modem it's Bell 1C
in the world. Compare these features Nov

before you buy. You should. Its your gram, to

money. Thousands of other Apple II fically fo

owners have already com-
pared. considered, and are now~
communicating- all over the MiCTOCOUpleF

U.S.A. — with Micromodem II. “

The best modem for the Apple : V

II. The most modem JtM

for your money. * -r '

A complete
data communi-

cation system. '

Micromodem II
is not "base

priced" plus necessary "options.” It's a
complete, high-performance data com-
munication system. The printed circuit
board fits — quickly and easily — into your
Apple II. eliminating the need for a serial
interface card. And the Microcoupler™
(included)connects the Apple II directly
to a standard modular telephone jack.
Auto-dial and -answer features are built
in. Operation can be full or half duplex.

with a transmission rate of 300 bps. And
its Bell 103 compatible and FCC approved.

Now there’s Hayes Terminal Pro-
gram. too! Developed by Hayes speci-
fically for Micromodem II. this new

Terminal Program allows
you to access all the great
[coupler f eatures of your modem
" — in a matter of seconds.

With it. you can use
yourCP/M: DOS
3.3 or Pascal for-
WV matted disks to
Wf create, send, re
'jMKm ceive. list and delete
Cr W files. Hayes Terminal

Program is a
stand-alone disk.

And because it’s menu
driven, you can choo se from
a wide variety of options to set
your communication param- I A
eters - as well as change hard- 1 X J
ware configuration — directly
from the keyboard. It even allows you
to generate ASCII characters that are
normally not available from Apple

keyboards, further extending your
capabilities. Incoming data can be
printed (on serial or parallel printers)
as it’s displayed on your screen.

Micromodem II is available with
or without the Terminal Program. Buy
your modem by itself, or optionally pack-
aged with the Terminal Program disk
and user manual at extra cost. The soft-
ware is also sold separately, for those
who already own a Micromodem II.

If you're ready to communicate
with other computers, to access infor-
mation utilities, time-sharing systems,
or use bulletin boards, then you’re
ready for Micromodem II. Come on.
Compare. Consider. Then buy.

Micromodem II is already the
best-selling modem for the Apple II.
sefrom And Hayes’ new Terminal Program

makes it better than

I A I U|0\/OQ cver Available at
1TJ I layUO computer stores

nationwide.

Hayes Microcomputer Products. Inc.

5835 Peachtree Corners East
Norcross. Georgia 30092 (404) 449-8791

Your Apple II

just isn’t the same without
Hayes Micromodem II."

™Micromodem II and Microcoupler are trademarks of Hayes Microcomputer Products. Inc. Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Inc.
CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research. Inc C' 1982 Hayes Microcomputer Products. Inc. Sold only in the U S A

CIRCLE 170 ON READER SERVICE CARD

I

■■

Nothing like it before. Nothing else like it now

. . brings you continuous Hi-Res action-animation in every adver
turous moment! And, real running, leaping, crawling. Real fightinc
shooting, stabbing, dynamiting. Real wounding, poisoninc
killing. Real action, excitement, mystery! All in a real-tim
challenging adventure that’s the wave of the future

Paul Stevenson’s graphic genius, first displayed in hi
best selling “Swashbuckler” sword fighting game
outdoes itself in AZTEC. You’re inside an ancien
Aztec pyramid searching for the golden ido
Descend deep into the heart of the temple-
meet cobras, scorpions, giant lizards

r hostile Aztec guardians and more. Watci

for hidden trapdoors and strange death
rooms. Be ready to fight, or run, crawl o
jump to possible safety. The menace i;
real, the options and strategy are yours
Yoifve never seen an adventure lik*
Aztec! You’ll never tire of its amazinc
action-animatioaand exciting challenge
L $39.95 for the Apple II* At you

computer store or

tiJ--' >■

lV.

I

'Apple II is a trademark of Apple Computer. Inc

CIRCLE 154 ON READER SERVICE CARD

VISA/MASTERCARD accepted $2 00 shipping/
handling charge (California residents add 6 l '.%
sales tax )

Apple/ Diablo, continued...

exactly the same problem, except this
time I did run into problems when print-
ing at 1200 baud. It appears that the Ap-
ple Serial Card pauses after groups of
characters are transmitted. This slows
data transmission sufficiently to enable
the printer to keep up with the data.
With the CCS7710A card, characters
are transmitted in a more continuous
stream and the printer is unable to keep
up with the data.

The main problem turned out to be
the printer. When I used a standard

The one other
modification I would
recommend for your
Apple is the addition of
a cooling fan.

(Model R102) Diablo 630 in place of the
full-featured Model R104, the single-
page problem disappeared. Thus my er-
ror was in buying the printer to run
App/ewriter first, since the combination
needed to operate WordStar was dif-
ferent. None of my information sources,
including people at Diablo, had sug-
gested that this could cause problems.

What To Do

Having described what didn’t work,
let me tell you what did. As I indicated
in the last section, the standard version
Diablo 630 printer worked for me. As
for a serial interface card, the
CCS7710A card worked best. WordStar
printing was significantly faster with the
CCS7710A card than with the Apple

High Speed card, however additional
connector rewiring (described below) is
needed to use it. The Videx 80-column
card worked fine, especially after I made
the shift-key modification (connecting a
wire from the shift key to pin 4 of the
game connector).

In order to use the CCS7710A card at
1200 baud, it must be made to hand-
shake with the printer. To do this, the
following changes must be made. Pins 4
and 20 must be crossed (not shorted) on
the printer cable, so that connector-pin
20 on the CCS7710A card goes to
connector pin 4 of the Diablo and
connector pin 20 on the CCS7710A to
connector pin 4 of the Diablo. This can
be done by rewiring one of the connec-
tors on the cables (not the card or the
printer).

In addition, pins 5 and 6 on the in-
ternal “A60” jumper-block inside the
Diablo printer must be shorted. This
jumper-block is located on the top edge
of the HPR05 card inside the printer.
To get at this block you must first re-
move the outer case and the internal
shield cage surrounding the card. If you
have difficulties with these changes,
have your dealer do them for you.

Before beginning the installation of
WordStar , you should use your CP/M
utility disk to rename the WordStar file
WSU.COM to WS.COM. If you do the
renaming after installation (as suggested
in the installation instructions I received
with my copy of WordStar ) you will not
be able to run a program from the No-
File Menu, which means you will not be
able to check the amount of empty disk
space while in WordStar.

As for the WordStar printer installa-
tion, the following worked for me. In the
Printer Menu, choose Diablo 1610/1620

instead of Diablo 630. If the Diablo 630
selection works for you, you can also use
that. However, when I selected that in
my version of the program I lost the last
line (usually the page number) when
printing in the single-page mode. In the
Communications Protocol Menu, select
None required, and in the Driver Menu,
select CP/M List device (LST:).

This should make your Apple a
functioning WordStar system. However,
since WordStar makes multiple uses of
many of the standard keyboard keys (via
CTRL key combinations), I have found
labeling the keys to be very helpful.
WordStar comes with stick-on key
labels.

The one other modification I would
recommend for your Apple is the addi-
tion of a cooling fan. The addition of the
80-column card and the Z80 SoftCard
increases the power dissipation in the
Apple enough to raise the internal tem-
perature significantly. Perhaps it was
merely a coincidence, but within a few
months after my WordStar upgrade I
had two separate incidents of component
failure before adding a fan (the only fail-
ure in two years) and none since adding
a fan. Based on an approximate
measurement of internal temperatures,
the fan reduced the inside case tem-
perature from approximately 100° F to
80° F.

How Well Does It Work
And Was It Worth It?

With the combination described
above, WordStar operates very com-
petently on the Apple II. All of the
WordStar features (such as underlining,
microjustification, boldface, and tab-
bing) are usable. The ability to see ex-
actly how my text will be printed as I

Both the speed of my
writing and the
appearance of my final
documents have
improved greatly.

enter it has been exceedingly useful. I
can easily tailor my text and tables for
the best appearance on a page. The
productivity improvements I had hoped
for with this upgrade were fully realized.
Both the speed of my writing and the
appearance of my final documents have
improved greatly.

However, the system is by no means
perfect. There are several annoying fea-
tures, most of them related to the limita-
tions of the Apple keyboard. For one,
symbols like square and curly brackets
are missing, as is a tab key. The lack of

March 1983 c Creative Computing

85

Apple/ Diablo, continued...

programmable function keys is also a
negative. Such keys would have been
useful for simplifying frequently used
multiple-keystroke commands.

A particularly annoying feature is the
delay between commands and screen re-
sponse. Cursor moves in response to tab-
bing seem to take an inordinate amount
of time. As a result, when moving across
multiple tabs, it is extremely easy to
overshoot the desired position. Likewise,
when deleting by continuous backspac-
ing (using the kept key), the cursor
continues to delete characters several
seconds after the finger is removed from
the backspace key. The column and line
numbers also have trouble keeping up
with autorepeating movements.

The autorepeating function often re-
quires three keys to be depressed
simultaneously (e.g., CTRL, E and rept
keys must be held down at the same time
to move the cursor up continuously, an
operation that can be done on some
computer systems with one key).

One last keyboard annoyance related
to the use of the esc key is the
upper/lower-case shift-lock (at least
when using the shift-key mod). Since
many of the WordStar commands also
end with a depression of the esc key, in-
advertent shifts often occur which must
be unlocked with an extra depression of

the key. Some of the above keyboard de-
ficiencies can probably be corrected by
adding the Videx Keyboard Enhancer,
but I did not try that combination.

The other area that could have been
nicer is the video display. Screen
scrolling, particularly downward
scrolling, occurs jerkily (the screen up-
dates long after the key is depressed).
This seems to be a result of the relatively
long time needed to rewrite the screen
(close to three seconds when scrolling
downward). Screen highlighting is also
not available with the hardware
combination. Had this feature been
available, the WordStar display on the
Apple would have been easier to
read — especially when mixing soft and
hard hyphens, and performing block
operations.

On the plus side, despite the lack of
special keys, the crisp action of the Ap-
ple keyboard makes it quite comfortable
to use for word processing. In addition,
what keys there are are placed in logical
locations (more so than in several other
computers with more keys). Although
the video display lacks features, it is very
clear and easy to read. As a con-
sequence, one can learn to live quite
comfortably with the above deficiencies.

An important word processing plus is
the fast printing when using the

CCS7710A card. With this card,
WordStar prints faster on the Apple
than it does on many other CP/M com-
puter systems using the Diablo 630.

An added bonus from the upgrade
was the enhancement of the other
applications of my Apple system. Basic-
80, supplied with the Z80 SoftCard, is a
significant upgrade from Applesoft Ba-
sic. The second disk drive had made it
much easier for me to back up my disk,
and greatly improved my use of Pascal.
The 80-column display makes it much
easier to do programming (in Basic and
Pascal).

The total cost of my upgrade counting
the additional disk drive and monitor,
but not counting the Diablo 630, was
approximately $2000. The Diablo 630
adds another $2500.

So was it worth it? If one is starting
out fresh (with no Apple), this approach
to WordStar is more expensive than sev-
eral alternatives that are probably better
suited to word processing. However, if
you already have an Apple with one or
more disk drives and lots of application
software, then this is an attractive way
of obtaining professional quality word
processing while enhancing the general
capabilities of your Apple.

Diablo Systems, 24500 Industrial
Blvd., Hayward, CA 94545.

Did You Hear the One About the

Computer That Talks?

It’s no joke.

With the ECHO speech synthesizer from
Street Electronics whatever you type on the
keyboard, your computer can say. The ECHO’S
text-to-speech system gives your computer an
unlimited vocabulary while using a minimum of
memory. And now a diskette of fixed, natural
sounding words is available to enhance the
ECHO 11 s voice output.

Nearly 400 language rules are contained in the ECHO’S text-
to-speech algorithm. These rules enable the computer to
pronounce most correctly spelled words. When in the text-to-
speech mode the user can select any of 63 different pitch levels,
and have words spoken either monotonically or with intonation
by using simple control character sequences. The rate of speech
can be fast or slow; words can be spoken in their entirety or
spelled letter by letter. The ECHOs also pronounce punctuation
and numbers. Words can be encoded using phonemes and
diphthongs when the text-to-speech or fixed vocabulary is not
required.

Applications are unlimited, ranging from phone answering,
educational and training programs, to games and aiding the sight
and speech impaired. The ECHO is a complete stand alone unit
which is compatible with most any computer; it sells for $299.95.
The ECHO II, which plugs into the Apple 11, is priced at $149.95.

Street Electronics Corporation

1140 Mark Avenue, Carpinteria, CA 93013
Telephone (805) 684-4593

Call toll free for demonstration (800) 221-0339

CIRCLE 264 ON READER SERVICE CARD

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Develop educational materials
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Images can be displayed on back-
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Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Inc.

Three Word Proceesors

For

The TRS-80 Color Computer

Let’s get the tone of this thing right at
the start: I expect to enjoy writing this
review, I hope it will be helpful to a few
people, and I certainly don’t intend it to
be an anti-Radio Shack diatribe. That
said, I feel compelled to present a bit of
history.

creative compatiRg

SOFTWARE PROFILE

Name: Telewriter

System: 16K or 32K Color Computer,
cassette or disk drive

Format: Cassette or disk

Language: Machine language

Author: Howard Cohen

Summary: Full-screen editing word
processor

Price: $49.95

Manufacturer:

Cognitec

704 Nob Ave.

Del Mar, CA 92014

Scott L. Norman, 8 Doris Rd.. Framingham. MA
01701 .

Scott L. Norman

When the TRS-80 Color Computer
was first introduced, the ability to pro-
duce color graphics from an inexpensive
machine had apparently blinded Radio
Shack to the possibility of doing much

creative conaputiRg

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: C.C. Writer
System: 16K or 32K Color Computer,
cassette; 32K computer,
disk drive

Format: Cassette or disk
Language: Extended Color Basic
Author: Bill Dye
Summary: Line-oriented system
Price: $35 (cassette); $40 (disk)
Manufacturer:

TransTek

194 Lockwood Lane
Bloomingdale. 1L 60108

creative corapatiRg

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Color Scripsit

System: 4K or larger Color Computer,
cassette

Format: ROM pack
Language: Machine language
Author: Robert Kilgus

Summary: Full-screen editing word
processor

Price: $39.95
Manufacturer:

Radio Shack
Division of Tandy Corp.

Ft. Worth, TX 76102

more with it than playing games. Fortu-
nately, the computer soon attracted a
loyal following which took it quite seri-
ously. Many of these people have pro-
duced really useful software for the
Color Computer, and two such indepen-
dently-authored packages. Telewriter
and C.C. Writer, figure in this piece. Ra-
dio Shack has come around, too; their
word processor. Color Scripsit , has to be
considered a real contender.

March 1983 c Creative Computing

89

Word Processors, continued...

All right, so this is to be a comparison
of three Color Computer word proces-
sors out of the half dozen or so currently
available. Is it really sensible to consider
using the machine for this application?
Well, I have done about two dozen arti-
cles for magazines using all three of
these programs. I also use the Color
Computer regularly in preparing drafts
of reports for my job.

Until quite recently, all of my work
was done with a cassette system; two of
the three programs reviewed here now
support disks — a worthwhile

improvement.

Finally, I should say something about
doing word processing with the Color
Computer keyboard: It isn’t all that bad!
True, it is closer to a calculator than it is
to a typewriter, but the keys are nicely
spaced and have good tactile feedback.
A reasonable typing speed is attainable.
If you want to push matters, it is even
possible to retrofit the computer with a
standard TRS-80 Model I keyboard; the
built-in debounce routine of the Color
Computer allows you to really move
along.

Enough. This is a software review.
Rather than discuss the programs in-
dividually, I will describe how each han-
dles the major tasks required of any
word processor. In this way, you may
find it easier to compare them. I shall re-
serve most of my discussion of special,
unique features for the end of the article.
Unless otherwise noted, anything writ-
ten about Telewriter and C. C. Writer will
apply to both casssette and disk versions.

Text Input and Editing

All three programs use a hierarchy of
menus to set up the major operations,
and each has some method for keeping
the writer informed about the status of
the system — e.g. the number of free

bytes remaining. Telewriter and C.C.
Writer leave you with about 18,500 and
19,000 bytes of working space, respec-
tively, in a 32K computer. Scripsit (I’m
going to drop the Color most of the time)
comes in a ROM cartridge, leaving
about 31,500 bytes of RAM for text in
the same machine. This may compensate
to some extent for its inability to use a
disk.

The corresponding text capacities for
a 16K computer are about 2100, 4600,
and 1 5,000 bytes, so you can appreciate
the effect of program overhead. In my

Telewriter manages to
put 24 lines of 51
characters on the
display and still remain

legible.

experience, a double-spaced page of text
with normal margins requires about
1 500 bytes.

The most elementary function of a
word processor is the storage and editing
of text. These three programs take dif-
ferent approaches to the job; it is even
tempting to say that they have different
philosophies. Telewriter is screen-
oriented, meaning that you enter text
continuously and can move the cursor
over the material at random. Text input,
editing, and deletion are not differen-
tiated; you just type. The cursor can be
moved one space at a time with the four
arrow keys, or it can be zoomed along at
high speed by simultaneously pressing
an arrow and shift. You can scroll the
display forward or backward by one
screen page at a time, and you can jump
up to the top or bottom of the text, or to
the beginning or end of a given line by
using an arrow together with the Clear
key.

By the way, this is a good time to get
used to the idea of a specially-defined
“control” key, since each of these pro-
grams uses one or more. In the case of
Telewriter, Clear is generally used to re-
define the functions of other keys.

The philosophy behind Telewriter is
that once you have selected the Edit
function from the main menu, your in-
tent is to add text. Therefore if you place
the cursor somewhere in the middle of
your material and start to type, the new
input is just inserted; you don’t overtype
anything.

Deliberate action is required to erase
material. The Break key erases one
character at a time from the right of the
cursor, while Clear and Break together

90

(but pressed in that order) erase to the
left of the cursor.

There is a special procedure for delet-
ing large blocks of material: Move the
cursor to the end of the block and mark
it with Clear-E, then move back to the
beginning of the block and use Clear-X
to erase. This is typical of other block-
handling procedures we shall discuss.
When you have finished moving text
around, a special Align command
(Clear-A) cleans up the material, insur-
ing that there are no partial lines or awk-
ward divisions of words.

One more thing about Telewriter: It
employs a software-generated character
set to make full-screen editing practical.
Material appears on the screen in true
upper and lower case (black on green),
and the shift keys work just as they
would on a typewriter. By reducing the
spaces between characters and lines.
Telewriter manages to put 24 lines of 5 1
characters on the display and still re-
main legible. The line length can be
changed for printing.

Color Scripsit uses a different ap-
proach to full-screen editing. You begin
by selecting the Edit Text option from
the main menu to start writing. Later,
moving the cursor to the middle of exist-
ing material and starting to type will re-
sult in the new material overtyping the
old. You must leave Edit and enter a dis-
tinct Insert mode to avoid this.

The Scripsit control key is the Break,
and Break-3 is the combination which
gets you into Insert mode. The text
“opens up” to accept new text, with
everything after the cursor position
dropping down a line. When you have
finished making additions, the Clear key
closes the text and returns you to Edit
mode.

The procedures for deleting text
(other than by overtyping) are similar to
those used in Telewriter. The Clear key
deletes the character immediately to the
right of the cursor, while the Shift-Clear
combination deletes to the end of the
next word. There is also a block delete
function. First you mark the beginning
of the block, then the end, and finally
you use the Clear key to actually do the
deletion.

Scripsit also allows you to scroll
through a mass of text, although there
are no commands for jumping by a com-
plete page at a time. You can skip from
any point to the top or bottom of the
text, however. The Scripsit display is cer-
tainly unique: everything is in upper
case, with capital letters displayed in yel-
low on a red background, lower case let-
ters the reverse. This can be a little
confusing in the beginning if you use a
black and white receiver, because the
contrast is reversed from that in Basic
programs.

March 1983 c Creative Computing

. .faithfully captuies
the look, spiut and
play of alcade
(Space SJnvadels

John Anderson,
Creative Computing

w ir

a\e excellent versions
of the alcade games
with supel gidfllvcs
and sound.

”2he graphics display,
sounds and game logic a\e
so close to the original,
that you might find youlself
looking foi the coin slot
on you’i compute i.

-Gary and Marcia Rose

We ate kSelious <^nbout ,L/uY ijc

CIRCLE 249 ON READER SERVICE CARD

FOR THE

ATARI

400/800

by James Albanese

Nail-biting arcade excitement!

Available on diskette or cassette.
Requires 32K of user memory.

At your ATARI software dealer — $29.95

QS

QUTiLnry

SOFTWARE

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Reseda. CA 91335
(213) 344-6599

CIRCLE 238 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Word Processors, continued...

The conventional display is 32 col-
umns by 14 or 15 lines; one or two lines
are reserved at the bottom for status
information. When the line length is
later reformatted for printing, Scripsit
shows you how the text will appear. The
video display then becomes a 32-column
window which can be scrolled hori-
zontally as well as vertically.

C.C. Writer takes a very different
tack. It is a line-oriented system which
assigns a reference number to every sen-
tence. You must remember to terminate
every sentence with an Enter command,
rather than typing your text continu-
ously. The program inserts spaces be-
tween sentences when printing the text,
of course.

With C.C. Writer, text entry and
editing are completely separate opera-
tions. The sole exception is your ability
to edit the current sentence before hit-
ting Enter. You can backspace to correct
an error, although this erases anything
typed after the mistake was made. Once
material has been entered, you must
leave Enter mode, return to the main
menu, and select one of two other
modes: Edit, for working within one sen-
tence at a time, or Insert/Delete/
Move, for performing one of these three
operations on a complete sentence or

C.C. Writer uses the
standard Color Basic
font, with reverse
video denoting lower

case.

group of sentences. The Edit mode also
has Insert, Delete, and Change sub-
modes.

This is beginning to sound much
worse than it really is. In practice, you
return to the main menu by typing
Slash-q (that’s right. Slash is the C.C.
Writer control character), and thread
your way through a couple of prompts
to arrive at Local Edit. If you know the
reference number of the sentence on
which you want to work, you specify it;
otherwise, keep hitting Enter to invoke
the Line Seeker, which allows you to use
the arrow keys to scroll up and down
through the text. When you find the tar-
get sentence. Enter re-in vokes the editor.
Now, you can move the cursor to the de-
sired position and use i, d, or c to insert,
delete, or change material.

A prompting line keeps you informed
as to which mode or sub-mode is in op-
eration at any time. Insertion works just
as for Scripsit. deletion is performed one

March 1983 c Creative Computing

character at a time by depressing the d
key, and change is an overtyping opera-
tion. You must work your way back to
the main menu eventually, but this is
made easy by the generous use of
prompts.

Large chunks of text must be deleted
one sentence at a time. The Delete op-
tion of the Insert/Delete/Move com-
mand is selected, and you are prompted
for a line number. If you specify one, the
computer prints the line and asks you to
verify your intent to delete it. If you
agree, the line is killed and you are asked
to specify another. If you have specified
the wrong line, a negative answer saves
it and returns the prompt.

Incidentally, only the cassette version
of the program uses the three-way
Insert/Delete/Move. The disk version
has separate commands for each of these
options.

C.C. Writer uses the standard Color
Basic font, with reverse video denoting
lower case. Relatively little text is visible
at any one time, because of the start -of-
line prompts and reference numbers.

Embedded Commands

Word Processors must provide for
embedded comands — special instruc-
tions for modifying the text format as it
is printed. These must be incorporated
into the text, and the program must rec-
ognize them as commands and execute
them without printing their literal form.
Special control characters are the order
of the day.

Telewriter uses the Clear-Period
combination to generate a small carat,
which can be followed by one or more
commands. The commands themselves
are much the same as those used by the
print formatting menu, namely a capital
letter followed by a number. For exam-
ple, M20 resets the left margin to 20
spaces, and C40 tells the printer to
switch to 40-character lines.

Embedded commands must appear on
their own lines, without other text, and
must be indented by at least one space.
You can “stack” several of them on one
line, and there is no particular order in
which they must appear. There is a fairly
complete set of such commands, includ-
ing five which control the fonts of an
Epson MX-80 Printer, and provision has
been made for the user to define his own
commands. These would normally be
strings of ASCII control codes to be exe-
cuted by the printer.

The embedded command syntax is
also used for a few other purposes:
centering a line of text, aligning partial
lines with the left margin, or defining a
header to be printed at the top of each
page, for example. One thing which
Telewriter unfortunately does not pro-
vide for is the setting of tabs. It comes

93

with predefined tabs every eight po-
sitions, which is really too much for
indenting a paragraph. You must, there-
fore, punch the spacebar five times or so
to get indentations.

Color Scripsit is a little less versatile in
this area. You can set tabs, center a line,
define headlines and footers, and change
from left to right-justification, but that’s
about it. Line length, and margins, to
mention a couple of major parameters,
can be set only once for the entire docu-
ment. This is unfortunate, because a
standard method of setting off a direct
quotation or other material is to print it
with wider margins (shorter lines) than
the main text, perhaps single-spaced in
an otherwise double-spaced manuscript.
You can adjust the margins with ju-
dicious use of tabs, but is not convenient.

The embedded commands in Scripsit
are set with the Break-number key
combination. Tabs are set by spacing
over the desired distance and hitting
Break-5, for instance. The manual de-
scribes a much more complicated proce-
dure, for unknown reasons.

To change line alignment, you place
the cursor on any blank space in the line
on which you want realignment to begin,
and enter Break-6. A three-option menu
comes up, giving you a choice of flush
left, flush right, or centered text. Note
that “flush right” is not right justifica-
tion, i.e. the padding of text with extra
spaces to fill the lines. In any case, after
you make your selection it is marked in
the text by a nonprinting character, a
green-and-black graphics block. All of
the alignment commands are toggled
and remain in effect until reset.

In C.C. Writer, embedded commands
appear at the beginning of the first line
to which they are relevant. They take
the form of a slash (/) followed by a
lower case letter and a number where
appropriate. For example, /c centers the
following line, /s4 skips four lines, and
/p skips one line and starts a new para-
graph (the indentation is set in the print
format menu). There is limited control
of line length: the /i command indents
both margins by five spaces until can-
celled by another /i. There is an implied
hierarchy to the commands, but it rarely
causes any problems.

Other Editing Functions

I have already described how the
three programs go about deleting blocks
of text. All three also have the ability to
move pieces of text around, which is one
of the great features of word processing.
Telewriter and Scripsit handle this job in
similar ways: the beginning and end of
the block are marked, and the move is
then accomplished by designating the
new location. Telewriter uses Clear-B to
mark the beginning, Clear-E for the end.

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Wrde-On

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DENVER SOFTWARE Easy (Eiacwbve Accounting System)

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CAGIE SOFTWARE Money Deciswns

HEW

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HOWAdDSOfT Real Estate Analyzer

$ 250

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INFORMATION UNLIMITED fesywnler II (a WPS)

$ 350

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EasyspeMer (8JK Words)

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$129

Easy filer (a DBMS)

$ 400

$299

Easy Planner

$ 250

1119

INNOVATIVE SOFTWARE T 1 M III (a DBMS)

$ 495

1369

1 ¥ INSOf T Data Design (a powerful easy to me DBMS) NEW

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ISA. Sped Guard

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$ 90

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Math /Graph magic Combo

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lixisrn. Spellbinder (a versatile WPS ei CP/M-86)

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legal Biding A Time Bdlkaepint

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$ 250

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IW MICROPRO WordStar* plus tret WordStar Training Manual

$ 495

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MerlMerge’*

$ 250

$ 79

Spe&ter ’ M

$ 750

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3 Pak. Word A Mail A Sped above 3

$ 845

$445

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NEW

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$ 75

Easy Date DBMS

$ 250

$189

NORTH AMERICAN RUS SYSTEM The Answer

$ 250

$169

P*l CORPORATION. Personal Investor

NEW

$ 145

$ 99

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$ 595

$395

PERFECT SOFTWARE. Perfect Writer ’ «

$ 389

$239

Pertecl Spelter T *

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SuperWrMer

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VisiT rend/ Plot

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Vis# Me or Desktop Plan 1. etch

t 300

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Business Forecast mg Model

NEW

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1 NORTON. Norton UDMias. 14 powortul programs. 3 Asks

t 00

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HOME & EDUCATIONAL

ACORN, lost Coton y

t 30

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Od Barons

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$ TOO

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RROOERRUNO Apple Pamc

S 30

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Space Strike

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DAVIOSON Th« Speed Reader

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Word Processors, continued...

and Clear-C to copy the block to its new
location. This is a copying operation, not
simply a move, so the original block
must still be deleted. Scripsit uses only
one command, Break-9, to mark all
three locations of interest for a move. If
you want to copy a block of text, use
Break-: for the three commands.

With C.C. Writer, you must call up
the Move command (disk version) or op-
tion (cassette version). You then use
Line Seeker to move through the text to
the beginning and end of the selected
block, which you identify by entering B
and E. Finally, you move to the sentence
in front of which you want the material
to be inserted, and enter T (for Target)
to complete the move. There are no pro-
visions for copying material.

All three programs have provisions
for finding a specified character string
and either changing it or not, at your op-
tion. In Telewriter, Clear-G allows you
to specify both the character pattern to
be found and its replacement. With the
text screen on display, Clear-N causes
the cursor to jump to the next occur-
rence of the search text; Clear- R causes
a specific occurrence to be replaced. You
can get pretty speedy at this by holding
down the Clear key and alternating be-
tween N and R with two fingers of the
left hand.

You can use this technique with a null
entry as the replacement string to delete
selected occurrences of a word or
phrase.

Scripsit works in similar fashion, with
Break-7 as the command for specifying
the target and replacement strings. The
Enter key steps you through the text
from one occurrence to the next, and at
each one you have the option of chang-
ing, leaving unaltered, or changing all
subsequent occurrences of the target.

"...It s a word processor.... we just made this
12 layer judge torte from 6 volumes of the
decline and fall of the Roman Empire... "

And C.C. Writer ? Here you have the
Global Edit command or option, which
will prompt you for the traditional two
strings. At every occurrence you can en-
ter n to skip, or just use the enter key to
make the replacement.

Print Formatting

Although embedded commands take
care of incremental changes, all three
word processors need separate format

Scripsit offers the
option of recording
files on tape in ASCII
format, which means
that it can be used to
compose and edit
Basic programs.

menus to set most of the parameters
which govern the appearance of the
printed page. The degree of control var-
ies quite a bit between programs.

The format menu for Telewriter is the
most elaborate, largely due to the pro-
visions made for interfacing with the
MX-80. It also affords the user an
opportunity to change the baud rate for
transmission from computer to printer;
the default is 600 baud, but there are
provisions for going as high as 4800. Of
course, conventional print parameters
such as side, top, and bottom margins;
line length; and spacing can all be
controlled.

A single-letter command is used to
generate a flashing cursor next to the de-
sired command; the default values are all
displayed, so it is an easy matter to de-
cide which ones you want to change.
One which will almost certainly change
is the number of characters per line. The
default is 50 to match the width of the
screen display, but 60 is a much more
reasonable value for printing on 8 l / 2 * 1 1
paper.

One useful feature is the ability to
print only a portion of the material in
the text buffer. This is especially useful
for previewing a piece of text with a
complicated format, for example. It just
calls for a little coordination. First, the
end of the desired text block is marked
with Clear-E while in the Entry/Edit
mode. The cursor is then moved back to
the beginning of the block, and the
Clear-M command is given to return to
the main menu. Now the F command
gets the format menu, and finally the %
key performs the desired partial print.
There is an analogous partial save com-

96

mand for recording part of the text
buffer to tape.

As I shall discuss a little later,
Telewriter supports chain printing — the
stringing together of several text files
from tape or disk to create a long docu-
ment. The format menu controls this by
asking for the number of files in the
queue. This should be one less than the
total number of files you plan to print,
since the first one must be loaded into
RAM before you start printing.

Color Scripsit employs a considerably
shorter format menu, which it calls stan-
dards. It affords control over the basic
size parameters, though, and includes a
couple of special features: the option to
print in all capitals and a hyphenation
minimum. The former would seem to be
a real curiosity, until you consider that
Scripsit offers the option of recording
files on tape in ASCII format, which
means that it can be used to compose
and edit Basic programs. The all capitals
option must be used if such files are to
be read properly by the Color Computer.

What about hyphenation? Scripsit can
identify words which are candidates for
hyphenation, so that their first halves
can be moved up to help fill out a short
text line. This can improve the appear-
ance of a printed document. To invoke
hypenation from the Edit mode, use the
command Break-8. The cursor will
move to the first word that can be
hyphenated, although it may not stop at
the first letter of a syllable. Move it back
with the left arrow key until it is so po-
sitioned, and press Break-0. The letters
to the left of the cursor will shift up to
the end of the previous line, followed by
a hyphen. Normally, the program will
identify words that can be hyphenated if
at least three characters fit on the pre-
vious line; this is the “hyphenated mini-
mum” which can be changed on the
standards menu.

Scripsit has one quirk which must be
taken care of with this menu. The de-
fault for the number of print lines per
page is 66, which is appropriate for an
1 1 " page; however, if you plan to print a
double-spaced document, you must
change this to 33 to locate page num-
bers, headers, etc., properly. The two
other programs can figure this out for
themselves.

The format menu for C.C. Writer
called Page Controls, is fairly elaborate.
It includes options for pausing at every
page break, ejecting the last page of a
document, setting the paragraph in-
dentation, and specifying a header to be
printed on every page but the first (the
other programs incorporate headers
with the text). It is unique in that it also
has a true right justification option. It
can also be a little maddening, at least in
the cassette version, because to change

March 1983 c Creative Computing

All h ands on

neck

for a swashbuckling adventure
with the legendary warship -

Old Ironsides!

Your arch enemy is armed to the teeth with deadly firepower. A
shoot-out could blow you to smithereens.

You’re ready for the onslaught! Your warship is perfect- masts,
compasses, cannons, broadsides and powder magazines. Your
strategy is flawless!

But you’ve got more than your opponent to contend with! Hiding
in the fog by drifting off the screen can snarl even the best tactics!
This is a test of skill and daring unmatched in any other micro-
computer game! Your every move is critical. One false step and... KABOOM!

Use keyboard or paddles to play this spellbinding game. Plus... the special Freeze Frame
feature stops and starts the action at any point. It’s perfect for everyone - the controls are sim-
ple, but the strategy and tactics at your fingertips are truly awesome! By Richard Hefter and
Jack Rice.

A NEW experience
in arcade-quality
graphics in a two-
player game for
the whole family!

W2&55

D 1 RON

L

Distributed by

OLD IRONSIDES

What you see is what you get!

Unlike other programs, where the pictures
on the packaging and in the advertising
bear no resemblance to the screen images,
this program delivers precisely what’s
promised...

• Better than arcade-quality graphics and
sound!

• Bright, interest-grabbing packaging!

• FREE full-color Wh” x 20* Old Iron-
sides poster

• FREE 32-page Log Book with space to
record wins and losses, secret strategies
and tactics

LookforOLD IRONSIDES " in finer
computer stores everywhere. Dealers are
invited to inquire by calling toll-free
1 - 800 - 852 - 5000 .

If there is no store near you, Visa and
MasterCard holders may order by calling
toll-free 1-800-852-5000. Or, send a check
or money order for $39.95 for each pro-
gram, plus $2.00 for shipping and handling
(where applicable, please add state sales
tax) to Xerox Education Publications/
Weekly Reader, Dept. 20A, 245 Long Hill
Road, Middletown, CT 06457.

Apple II and Apple II Plus 48K 3.3 DOS

Old Iron srdes m isaregis
tered trademark of Optimum
Resource. Inc

Apple and Apple 1 1 are regis-
tered trademarks of Apple
Computer. Inc
AM/VS2CC

Xerox Education Publications

Weekly Reader

Computer Software Division

CIRCLE 282 ON READER SERVICE CARD

g I

The game that puts space games in
perspective. Zaxxon v , one of the most
popular arcade games of 1982, is now avail-
able for use with your home computer
system.

Zaxxon M technology and creativity present
a 3-dimensional-like playfield which sets
Zaxxon v apart from other computer games.

Zaxxon M looks and sounds like aircraft
flight, and players can soar to new levels of

home computer entertainment. From the
daring attack on the enemy's floating for-
tress and the blazing battle against the en-
emy's fighter fleet to the final showdown with
the deadly armored robot, Zaxxon M chal-
lenges the skill and imagination of every
player at every level of skill.

Imagine yourself the pilot, attacking the
enemy fortress-climbing, diving, strafing to
score points and extra fuel. The enemy
fights back with a barrage of missiles and
gunfire. Then you face a fleet of enemy fight-
ers in a gripping dogfight of altitude strategy
and flying skill. Survive this battle and the
enemy's fortress, defended with laser bar-
riers, then you’ve earned the ultimate chal-
lenge; a blazing confrontation with the pow-

erful robot, armed with a lethal homing
missile.

Zaxxon v is the one game that you must see
to believe. You have to play it to feel its im-
pact. If you’re ready to face the challenge,
check with your local software dealer or
send check or money order with $2.00 post-
age handling. California residents add
6V2% sales tax. Available on cassette or
diskette. Suggested retail price $39.95.

Available in January on Atari * , February on
Apple “ and Radio Shack 9 Color, and April
on Tl 99 4A M and NEC 6000 v

COMPUTER SOFTWARE
9421 Winnetka Avenue
Chatsworth, CA 9131 1
(213) 701-5161
c 1982 Datasoft" Inc.

CIRCLE 155 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Datasott * is a registered trademark of Datasoft Inc. *

Word Processors, continued...

one of the parameters you must review
the entire menu twice.

You must step the cursor through ev-
ery option even if you decide to change
nothing; change one parameter, and you
must review the whole list again. It in-
creases your chances of getting the setup
you want, I guess. Things are somewhat
better with the disk version in which
your personalized defaults are stored
and called up for each document.

Handling Storage Media

The three programs vary in the degree
of flexibility with which they interact
with tape or disk. Telewriter and C.C.
Writer allow you to chain files together
during printing, while Scripsit relies on
its larger buffer to hold anything you.
might want to print. I have already men-
tioned that Telewriter requires the num-
ber of files in the tape queue to be
specified: with C.C. Writer you use an
embedded command to specify the next
file to be printed. The syntax is /d fol-
lowed by the next filename, and this
must be the last line in a file.

The inability of Scripsit to chain print
can be a liability; the draft of this review

Telewriter and Scripsit
share the ability to
append a recorded file
to whatever is in RAM.

comes close to filling its buffer, for in-
stance. Of course, you can always print
one file, manually position the tape and
read the next file into memory, print
that one, etc., but this is awkward. The
text would be broken up with large
white spaces, too, because Scripsit auto-
matically advances to the top of the next
page after finishing a printout.

Each program has a noteworthy me-
dia-handling feature or two. I have al-
ready mentioned the Telewriter Partial
Save. Another particularly useful com-
mand is verify, which allows you to
check the integrity of a recorded file be-
fore clearing RAM for further work.
This is of particular value when working
with a 16K computer and cassette re-
corder; 1 have written things that re-
quired the chaining of more than 20
files, and you'd better believe that I was
in no mood for an I/O ERROR message
in the midst of a printing session.

Telewriter and Scripsit share the abil-
ity to append a recorded file to whatever
is in RAM, assuming the two will fit.
Telewriter even gives you a detailed mes-
sage if the sum of the two files is too

March 1983 c Creative Computing

large and tells you the amount of over-
flow. The main menu command for the
append function is A; a special com-
mand is needed because a normal read
destroys whatever was in the text buffer.
The Scripsit read operation (Command 2
from the main menu) is nondestructive
in this sense, so the same command can
be used to append text.

The disk version of C.C. Writer has a
very nice feature: single-keystroke com-
mands to make a backup copy of what-
ever is in the text buffer. A B command
from the main menu will cause the text
to be written to a disk file called
BACKUP/CCW. Entering an isolated
lower case b from the Type (input) mode
will do the same thing — very handy if
you want to leave the keyboard for a few
moments in the midst of a long session.

Some Opinions

In this review, I have tried to give you
a feeling for what it is like to work with
Telewriter Color Scripsit, and C.C.
Writer Of course, almost every aspect of
each of these programs has subtleties
that I haven't discussed. There would be
no point in my reproducing the instruc-
tion manuals, after all. What I would
like to do, though, is share a few im-
pressions I have gained through working
with the three programs. These are
highly subjective, but they may still be of
interest to anyone contemplating the
purchase of a Color Computer word
processor.

I think that the strongest of
Telewriter's features is the free-wheeling
mode of operation which its full-screen
editing promotes. My own writing style
is rather loose and floppy; I skip back
and forth to change the last paragraph,
add to the current one, and so on. Some-
how, Telewriter seems to fit my undisci-
plined style; switching between text
entry and correction modes just slows
me down.

The relatively high-density format
helps, by making so much of the text vis-
ible at any time. All in all, I think
Telewriter gives the user the best control
over the appearance of the final printout,
too, although I still regret the absence of
a tab setting command.

Color Scripsit does almost everything I
need, but a few things do get in the way.
I have mentioned the lack of file chain-
ing, which would never come up at all if
I wroter shorter pieces; the inability to
scroll back and forth by a page at a time;
and the requirement to go into Insert
mode to add text to the middle of a file.

To these I should add the use of re-
defined number keys, rather than letters,
for commands and menu selection. The
simple fact is that there is no mnemonic
relationship between Break-5 and the
tab setting function; wouldn't Break-T

99

have been better? At the very least. Ra-
dio Shack should furnish a keyboard
overlay with this package. The proce-
dure for defining headers and top and
bottom margins also seems more
cumbersome than necessary.

What do I like about Scripsit? Well, I
think the hyphenation function is neat,
and so is the Print to Tape option which
writes files in ASCII format. The con-

Together with other
recently announced
word processors, these
three give Color
Computer owners quite
a reasonable choice.

cept of using a word processor to com-
pose a Basic Program seemed a little
strange to me at first, but the ability to
find and change character strings has
come in handy for renaming variables
and for adjusting line numbers in the
middle of a program. This dual-purpose
operation might be an important consid-
eration if you are really interested in
keeping down the cost of your software
library.

The ability of Scripsit to print text
flush against the right margin is useful
for special jobs such as return addresses
on business letters, but it doesn't take
the place of true justification. I think
that the appearance of correspondence is
much improved by straight left and right
margins. This is the unique province of
C.C. Writer at least among the three
programs discussed here.

The C.C. Writer justification routine
is too slow to be useful for a long manu-
script, though. This may be due in part
to the program being written in
Basic — another unique point. The
advantage to this, of course, is that you
could probably “customize** your own
copy of C.C. Writer fairly easily.

The Bottom Line

Here's the bottom line: Each of these
programs has its strengths, although dif-
ferences in working styles could make
for some real mismatches between writ-
ers and software in individual cases. To-
gether with other recently announced
word processors, these three give Color
Computer owners quite a reasonable
choice in applying their machines to pro-
fessional and personal writing.

Try to think about your own needs
and style of operation, and make allow-
ances for future development of both
when selecting one.

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SuperPET (5 languages, 2 processors) $1409

CBM 8032 Computer, 80 column 1029

CBM Memory Expansion, 64K 359

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CBM 8050. 1 Mg. Dual Drive 1259

CBM D9060. 5 Mg. Hard Disk 2240

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Epson MX 50 F* 529

IDS Microprism 539

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COCO (great computer tutoring game) 44

COCO II (build your own games easily) 49

Home Finance Package 25

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CBM EasyCalc 90

CBM Easy Finance 50

CBM Easy Schedule 80

Data Manager 70

Pet Emulator (emulates 4.0 basic) 30

Sprite-Magic (build sprites on screen with

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Assembler Package for CBM 64 (cassette)

Editor (creates and updates source code)

Assembler. Loader. Disassembler 50

Mail Mate 45

IEEE Interface (64) 95

Parallel lnterface(Epson, Okidata, IDS. Nec) 80

RS232 Printer Interface (Okidata etc.) 65

Apple Loader 100

Programming Reference Guide 18

VIC PRODUCTS

VIC 20 Computer, 5K $ 1 79

VIC Datasette Recorder 60

VIC 1541 Disk Drive 395

VIC MODEM (for CBM 64) 95

VIC 1525 Graphic Printer (for CBM 64) 325

8K Memory Expansion Cartridge 49

16K RAM 99

24K RAM 155

IEEE Interface (VIC) 85

VIC 3 slot Expander 43

VIC 6 slot Expander 83

RS232 Printer Interface 65

Cassette Interface 27

Intro to Basic I or II 23

Home Finance Package 48

Turtle Graphics 35

Heswriter (great wp) 35

VIC GAMES

Choplifter (cartridge) 37

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Prices arm subject to change without notice.

CIRCLE 255 ON READER SFRVICE CARO

Epson HX-20 Computer

If you have picked up just about any
computer magazine in the last six
months you have probably seen the dou-
ble page ad spread in which the Epson
HX-20 is pictured full size. Indeed, the
unit could almost have been pictured on
a single page, since it measures just
8 l /**x 11%". Its height is a diminutive
l 3 //.

But that’s nothing new, you say. The
Sinclair ZX80 is about one half the size
of the HX-20 and it has been out for sev-
eral years. True, but at the risk of
offending scores of loyal Sinclair owners,
let me observe that the Epson has a great
deal more capacity and capability built
in. I was tempted to say that the HX-20
is a “real computer,” but that would
have been a low blow, and incorrect
too — the ZX80 and 81 are as real as any.

In addition to small size, the other
main thing that sets the Epson apart
from the field is built-in battery power
for true portability.

While we cannot report definitively
about reliability and support, we specu-
late that they are likely to be excellent,
given the outstanding reputation of
Epson in the printer market. For a “one
of the pack” company three years ago to
emerge as the dominant supplier of dot
matrix printers worldwide indicates they
are doing a lot of things right.
Contributing to this success is un-
doubtedly some guidance from the Seiko
parent company, but mainly an excellent
management team in the U.S., Japan,
and other countries.

David H.Ahl

A Compact Portable

As mentioned above, the HX-20 is
about the size of a three-ring binder and,
at y/ 2 pounds, not much heavier. It fits
easily into an attache case or slipcase.
Unlike some portable videotape ma-
chines that require a battery which

weighs nearly as much as the machine it-
self, the HX-20 rechargeable battery is
built-in and included in the 3 Vs pounds.
The nickel-cadmium batteries can keep
the HX-20 running for 50 hours, yet
need only eight hours to recharge. This
is very impressive since most ni-cad bat-
tery run time to charge time ratios are
just the opposite.

Most calculators today, even the least

Figure 2. Right side view of HX-20.

Figure 3. Rear of HX-20.

March 1983 c Creative Computing

101

Figure 4. The preliminary documentation was nearly three times as big as the
computer. The final typeset and printed documentation is more manageable.

Epson HX-20, continued...

expensive units, have an automatic shut
off. For example, APF units shut off
automatically if nothing has been
pressed after seven minutes. The HX-20
lacks this feature which I found a bit
surprising.

However, when the HX-20 is shut off,
it continues to trickle a small amount of
power through the all-CMOS memory,
thus keeping intact all the contents in
memory. As long as the unit is re-
charged from time to time, these pro-
grams and data will be stored
indefinitely.

Full Stroke Keyboard

The keyboard of the HX-20 is in the
standard QWERTY layout with a few
extra keys on the right side. In particu-
lar, in addition to letters, numbers and
the 'usual symbols, the HX-20 includes
two kinds of brackets, four directional
arrows, and five keys for providing
instructions to the computer. These keys
include home/clear, insert/delete, scroll
up/down, number, and graph.

The number key is, in effect, a type of
shift key which engages a numeric
keypad using the keys, mj,k,l,u,i,o,7,8,
and 9. The graph key is also a type of
shift key which produces block graphics
and symbols from the keyboard.

Above the keyboard to the right are
eight function keys. Three functions are
built-in: pause, menu, and break. The
five other function keys may be pro-
grammed by the user.

As its name implies, the pause key
causes a running program to halt tem-
porarily. Hitting any key causes it to
resume.

The menu key brings up a menu on
the screen. On the menu, Number 1 is
always Monitor, 2 is Basic, and 3
through 7 are user-written programs.
More about this later.

Break halts a running program and
returns to Basic. The contents of mem-
ory are not altered upon pressing it.

The five programmable function keys

come from the factory with certain func-
tions preset:

Key

Standard

Shifted

1

AUTO

Date/Time display

2

LIST

LOAD

3

LLIST

SAVE

4

STAT

TITLE

5

RUN

LOGIN

Functions such as list and run exe-
cute the command when the key is
pressed. Other commands such as load
and save appear on the screen followed
by a space and wait until the user fills in
the rest of the command.

Recessed on the right side of the com-
puter toward the rear is a reset switch.
Pressing it interrupts the computer and
calls up the initial menu. Also on the

right side is an off/on rocker switch.

Other external controls include two
for the printer, an off/on slide switch
and a paper feed button. A rotary view
angle control on the left side actually
changes the angle of the LCD elements
of the viewscreen slightly to suit your
operating position. You simply turn the
knob until maximum contrast is
achieved.

An Open Window

The display is a 20-character by 4-line
liquid crystal display (LCD) unit. It is
unlike a calculator in which each num-
ber is formed from a combination of
seven line segments; instead, the screen
consists of 120 x 32 pixels or dots.
Characters are formed within a 5 x 7 dot
matrix. This means, of course, that
lower case letters do not have real de-
scenders as they do on full screen video
displays.

The screen is actually a “window**
onto a much larger virtual screen. The
size of the virtual screen can be defined
by the user to be between 20 and 255
characters wide and 4 to 255 lines high.
This does not mean that you can define a
screen measuring 255 x 255, because
that would require far more memory
than is available in the HX-20.

The window may be moved hori-
zontally and vertically with the arrow
keys or, within programs, by using four
Basic language commands: width, scroll,
locate and locates. The locate command

102

March 1 983 c Creative Computing

iT'TTT^i

Everybody’s making i
selling microcomputers. '
Somebody s going to make money
servicing them.

New NRI Home Study Course Shows
You How to Make Money Servicing,
Repairing, and Programming
Personal and Small ^
Business Computers
Seems like every time you turn around,
somebody comes along with a new computer for
home or business use. And what s made it all
possible is the amazing microprocessor, the tiny
little chip that's a computer in itself. '

Using this new technology, the industry is
offering compact, affordable computers that handle
things like payrolls, billing, inventory; and other jobs
for businesses of every size . . . perform household
functions including budgeting, environmental sys-
tems control, indexing recipes And thousands of
hobbyists are already- owners, experimenting and
developing their own programs.

Growing Demand
for Computer Technicians
This is only one of the growth factors influenc-
ing the increasing opportunities for qualified com-
puter technicians. The U.S. Department of Labor
projects over a 100% increase in job openings for the
decade through 1985. Most of them new job& created
by the expanding world of the computer.

Learn at Home in Your Spare Time

NRI can train you for this exciting, rewarding
field. TVain you at home to service not only micro-
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too. TVain you at your convenience, with clearly
written “bite-size” lessons that you do evenings or
weekends, without going to classes or quitting your
present job.

Your training is built around the latest model
of the world’s most popular computer It’s the amaz-
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functions. No other small computer has so much
software available for it, no other is used and relied

(TRS-80 is a trademark
of the Radio Shack
division of Tandy Corp.)

on by so many 5* "<

people. And it’s yours ^

to keep for personal or busi- ^

ness use. ^

You get plenty of practical
experience. Using the NRI Discovery Lab* that also
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keep to use later in your work. Then you use the lab
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computer. . build special circuits and write pro-
grams to control them. You “see" your computer
at work and demonstrate its power.

Computer Assisted Instruction

Your TRS-80 even helps train you. You receive
4 special lesson tapes in BASIC computer language.
Using them in your microcomputer, you “talk’’ to it
as you progress. Errors are explained, graphics and
animation drive home key points. Within a matter of
minutes, you’ll be able to write simple programs
yourself.

Become the Complete
— - Computer Person

In addition to training in
BASIC and advanced machine Ian-
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ence in the operation and application of computers
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Well give you tomorrow.

Epson HX-20, continued...

moves the cursor anyplace on the screen
and automatically displays that portion
of the screen in the display window. Lo-
cates allows you to display any desired
portion of the virtual screen in the LCD
display window.

Although the text is formed of pixels,
Epson has chosen to offer two indepen-
dent display modes, text and dot-
addressable graphics. On the HX-20
LCD display, these two display modes
may be superimposed on each other; this
is not possible on an external monitor or
TV set.

As delivered, the HX-20 does not
drive a monitor or TV set; an extra mod-
ule, which was not available at the time
of this evaluation, is necessary. The
specifications I was given for the display
dimensions on a monitor or TV set
sound a bit strange — 32 characters by 6
lines. The graphics display was quoted
as 128 x 96 pixels in monochrome or 128
x 64 in four colors.

Our friends at Personal Computer
World in England tell us that if you use
color, a bizarre addressing mode, in
which there are 64 physical pixels verti-
cally but 96 addresses, prevails. Hence,
either 0,0 or 0,1 will light the pixel at
0,0, but only 0,2 will light 0,2 and so on,
alternately. That could lead to some “in-
teresting" effects.

Dual Processors

The HX-20 represents a sharp depar-
ture from conventional microcomputer
architecture. It uses two 6301 (huh?)
microprocessors, designed and manufac-
tured by Epson. They are supposedly
compatible with the Motorola 6800.
Other computers with multiple MPUs
usually use one for processing and mem-
017 control and the other for I/O and
display functions. In contrast, the MPUs
in the HX-20 are in somewhat more of a
master/slave relationship.

The master MPU does the processing

and also controls the memory, keyboard,
display, clock, and barcode reader using
external ROM while the slave MPU
controls the printer, cassette recorder,
RS-232 and high-speed serial ports, and
the trickle power function when the unit
is turned off. For these functions, the
slave uses 4K of ROM which is on the
MPU itself. Also on each MPU are 128
bytes of RAM. The two MPUs commu-
nicate with each other by means of a
38,400 baud serial link rather than the
parallel link that one might expect.

The HX-20 is delivered with 16K of
RAM which is optionally expandable to
32K with an external module. We ex-
pected that a compact unit like the HX-
20 might use 64K memory chips. It does
not; the built-in 16K is in the form of
eight 16K bit chips. However, the 32K
of ROM which contains the monitor,
Basic language, and the like is found on
four 64K bit chips. There is also a spare
socket for 8K of expansion ROM.

The screen is actually a
“ window ” onto a much
larger virtual screen.

Built-in Printer

On the top left of the HX-20 a small
adding machine type printer is found. It
uses rolls of plain paper 2 Vi* wide. It
appears that standard adding machine
tape can be used in the printer. The rib-
bon cartridge looks like a miniature ver-
sion of the one in the MX-80 printer and
is unexpectedly easy to replace.

Up to 24 characters can be printed on
one line 1.85* in length. The characters
appear smaller than those produced on
other printers, but are equivalent to 9-
point type (the same as the type in this

ABCDEf 9hd 12345+ ' #*•/.&<>*<
ABCDEf 9hJ 12345+ ! #$*&< >*<
ABCDEf 3hJ 12345+ ! #$•/.*< >*<

ABCDEf ghi j 12345+ ! " #**/.&
BCDEf ghi j 12345+ ! "#*•/.?<<
CDEfghi j 12345+ ! “#•%&<)

Figure 5. Print sample from the HX-20
computer and MX-80 printer. Note the
tighter 13 characters per inch spacing on
the HX-20 print compared to the 10 cpi
spacing of the MX-80.

article). In fact, the MX-80 also pro-
duces 9-point type. The difference is in
horizontal spacing of characters; the
MX-80 and other similar printers print
10 characters per inch while the HX-20
packs 13 characters per inch.

For printing of graphics, this closer
spacing leads to a crisper image than
that produced by many dot matrix print-
ers. Built into the firmware is a simple
routine to get a screen print. Also, as
mentioned above, LUST is function key

y.

Printing speed is roughly 17 charac-
ters per second or 42 lines per minute.
The printer sounds like a swarm of an-
gry hornets being driven from their nest.
The MX-80 sounds like a church mouse
by comparison.

The HX-20 can drive an external
printer, however, at the time of this test
we did not have an interface cable or the
documentation to build one.

Beeps and Boops

Behind a Vi* x 2* rectangle of holes
under the LCD display is hidden a
speaker. Well, not exactly. It is a piezo-
electric device which can be pro-
grammed to beep and boop at different
pitches and durations.

Within Basic is a command, sound
p,d: The parameter p corresponds to
pitch (four-octave range); while the
parameter d corresponds to duration in
tenths of seconds.

External Devices

Two external devices have already
been mentioned, a printer and a monitor
or TV. To connect to these and other de-
vices, the HX-20 has two DIN connec-
tors on the back. An 8-pin socket is for
RS-232C devices such as terminals,
printers, modems, and even other
computers. It communicates at speeds
up to 4800 baud.

A second 5-pin DIN socket has a
maximum transfer rate of 38,400 baud
for communicating to disk drives or,
with an adapter, to a monitor or TV set.

On the right side are four mini sock-
ets, three of which hook up to an ex-

| -p *) iTw]^fTp27-y?’b] O

/*=+<-> <P-i |

i 7* To**. *>-=//-

"No interruptions please. I 'm on a roll.

106

March 1983 c Creative Computing

EPSON

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CIRCLE 135 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Epson HX-20, continued...

temal cassette recorder. One socket is
for input, one for output, and the third
for motor control. The fourth mini
socket is for a barcode reader.

On the left side is a flat connector nor-
mally covered by a piece of black plastic.
This is a parallel connector for a 16K
expansion RAM memory module.

An optional device which, if installed,
occupies the top right of the case is a
microcassette recorder. This same space
can also be occupied by optional ROM
software modules. The microcassette re-
corder is a digital unit, not audio, al-
though it uses standard microcassettes.
It reads and writes at a speedy 1300
baud and can store about 50K bytes of
data or programs on a 30-minute cas-
sette. This is equivalent to about 40 dou-
ble-spaced typewritten pages. A nice
feature is an accurate tape counter
which allows fast winding to a program
or area of data before loading. This is
not a manual counter as found on other

Figure 6. Short HX-20 program to print a
curve of a sine wave on the built-in
printer.

recorders, but is in software. Very neat!

The only other external device is a 6-
volt power supply that plugs into the
back of the HX-20. This is normally
used for recharging and not for com-
puter operation, although it can be if the
batteries are low and you simply must
use the unit.

Basic Language

Epson Basic, called EBasic appro-
priately enough, is similar to Microsoft
Basic, but was written by Ski Soft, Inc.
of Cambridge, MA.

To enter Basic, you simply select Op-
tion 2 from the menu. Almost* like a
mini-timesharing system, the HX-20
gives you a choice of five program areas.
If you do nothing, you will automati-
cally be in PI (Program Area 1). To get
into another area or program, you use
the login command. If you want your
program to be added to the menu list,
you simply give it a title and it will
automatically become the next one on
the list.

Once a program has a title and is on
the menu list, it cannot be written over.
Even giving the command new will not

The printer sounds like
a swarm of angry
hornets being driven
from their nest.

erase it. This is a very valuable protec-
tion device. Actually, it took me some
time to find out how to get rid of a pro-
gram; a null title seems to be the answer,
i.e., TITLE* 4 ”.

Good editing functions such as auto-
matic line numbering starting wherever
you wish, line renumbering, delete, and
non-destructive cursor movement are
provided. Basic also provides a STAT
command for getting the statistics on all
the programs in the machine (title, size,
available memory).

The pause has a second very useful
function when writing programs. In
particular, it can be pressed while a pro-
gram is listing. Remember, you see only
four or fewer lines on the display. By
pressing a number after pause you auto-
matically set a scroll speed from very
slow (9) to very zippy (1).

To debug a running program, EBasic
incorporates a trace mode. The com-
mand tron turns on the trace mode.
What this does is show on the display
the line number of each new line as it is
executed. Trace can be turned on and off
from the keyboard or from statements
embedded in the program.

Figure 7. Program to make the HX-20
into an expensive digital clock, the date
and time are displayed in the center of
the screen. The program 44 beeps ” as each
new second is displayed.

Basic has the usual numeric and string
variables. Variable names may be up to
16 characters long and must begin with
a letter. Certain words that mean some-
thing in Basic are reserved and may not
appear in a variable name. For example,
note is an illegal name because it begins
with the reserved word not. There are
137 reserved words.

Commands may be issued in either
upper or lower case; the HX-20 is case
insensitive in this case (groan). Thus, al-
though output statements (print,
lprint) will preserve upper and lower
case, the Basic language itself doesn't
care. To it, the variable names MAX,
Max, and max are all the same.

Under the default conditions, the HX-
20 allows for up to 200 characters in the
string variable workspace. If this is not
enough for a given program, the string
space can be enlarged by the command
clear. For example clear 1000 clears
out an area which can store up to 1000
characters. However, a large string space
does not mean that you can have one
string that is 1000 characters long; the
maximum length of one string variable is
255 characters.

EBasic has a rich library of 38 nu-
meric and 13 string functions. The ex-
pected math and trig functions are
present as well as many graphics and nu-
meric conversion functions. The early
copy of the manual with our HX-20 did
not have all the functions fully defined
or explained; some of them looked most
unusual.

Three interesting functions are day,
dateS, and timeS. Since low power is
continuously applied to the memory of
the HX-20, why not put in a piece of
quartz and let the computer tell the day,
date, and time (particularly if your par-
ent company is Seiko)? That is what the
designers did, hence, once entered, these

108

March 1983 c Creative Computing

■I

CREATE A WHOLE NEW WORU) OF POSSIRIUTIES
FOR YOU AND YOUR APPLE .

Dateline: California,
January 1983.

J.R. Programmer, bit diddler and
hardware hacker extraordinaire’, wished
that his APPLE computer had 6522 I/O
capabilities available.

To have that one enhancement
would open new vistas in data acquisition
and display, complete his project, and make
him millions.

“Gosh, wouldn’t it be nifty?”
exclaimed J. R.

But alas, the lack of appropriate
hardware prevented him from accomplishing
his goal.

J. R. looked everywhere in his local
computer store for an interface or expansion
board to solve his dilemma, but none were
designed for the magnificent project he had
in mind.

“Shucks . . he stormed, “what
am I to do?”

Poor J. R.

But then, just as he was about to
give up all hope, a splash of color caught his
eye over in the book section . . .

The Custom APPLE
& Other Mysteries.

“Oh joy, Oh joy!” cried our hero.
“This book gives me the information,
specifications and references I need to do the

hardware enhancements, whether I am a
beginner or an expert, and provides me with
the basic information required to write the
software, common to many of the projects,
myself. This book is just crammed with all
kinds of neat stuff!”

J. R. left the store, also an I JG book
dealer, a very happy man.

Httfnrk'rr . t kkrhnrd f 'lwr#r/

the custom npple

A OTHER MYSTERIES

A Hardware and Software
Modification Guide.

The Custom APPLE & Other
Mysteries provided J.R. with a number of
data acquisition and control projects with
camera ready printed circuit layouts like the
6522 application interface board, an 8-Bit
0/A and A/D converter, a sound and noise
generator board, an EPROM burner board,
an APPLE Slot Repeater, and included
information on the APPLE as a square wave
generator, the control of two stepper motors,
connecting two 6502 systems, and lots lots
more.

Plug-In To Power
And Get Turned On!

The Custom APPLE & Other
Mysteries is available for $24.95 at computer
stores, B. Dalton Booksellers and
independent book dealers around the world.
If your dealer is out of stock, order direct
from IJG.

Include $4.00 for shipping and
handling. Foreign residents add $11.00 plus
purchase price. U.S. funds only please.

IJG, Inc. 1953 West 11th Street
Upland, California 91786
Phone: 714/946-5805

Helping You Help Yourself.

© IJG. Inc 1982

CIRCLE 184 ON READER SERVICE CARD TM APPLE and APPLE II Trademarks of APPLE Computer Inc

Epson HX-20, continued...

Figure 8. A simple game , “ Hit or Miss, 99
is in the manual. In it you must fire a
missile from the bottom of the screen to
intersect a car at the top before it hits the
running man.

100 WIDTH20* 64
110 LOCATE4,2>0
120 ’

130 PRINT"Hi* or Miss”

140 ’

150 FOR 1=1 TO 3
160 FOR N=1 TO 12
170 SOUND N, 1
180 NEXT N
190 NEXT I
196 CLS

200 PRINT" A car will cha
se"

210 PRINT"a man. Press t
he"

228 PR I NT "spacebar to fi
re a"

230 PRINT“missi le at the
car. "5
240 ’

250 FOR D=1 TO 500: NEXT
D

260 ’

270 CLS
280 ’

290 XM=INT<RND< 1 )*15+3)

300 PE=INT <RND< 1 >*5+1 )

310 VM=3

320 FOR XC=18TO0 STEP-1
330 LOCATE XC/2, 0: PRINTC
HR$< 154) 5

340 LOCATE XC, 0: PRINTCHR
*<152>;

350 A*=INKEV*

360 LOCATE XM,VM:PRINT"

m .

370 IF VM<3 THEN VM=VM-1
380 IF VM<0 THEN 470
390 IF A$< > " " THEN VM=2
400 LOCATE XM,VM
405 PRINTCHR$< 151)5
410 SOUND XC,PE
420 IF VMO0 THEN 430
425 IF XC=XM THEN 570
430 NEXT XC
440 *

450 ’miss
460 ’

470 SOUND 0,20
480 CLS

490 LOCATE 5, 2, 0: PRINT" V
ou missed!"

500 FOR 1=12 TO 1 STEP-1

510 SOUND 1,1

520 NEXT I

530 GOTO 250

540 ’

550 ’Hit
560 ’

570 LOCATE 2, 2,0:PRINT"V
ou hit it! "

580 FOR 1=1 TO 3
590 SOUND 2,3
600 NEXT I
610 GOTO 250

values are available in programs.

As with the functions, the expected
numeric operators are all present. Bool-
ean operators are also available, includ-
ing the seldom seen implication (imp)
and equivalence (eqv) in addition to the
more common and, or, not, and xor.

The HX-20 has no calculator mode
built in, per se. However, Basic has an
immediate mode so that entering a com-
mand such as print 3.25/.005 + 2.4 will
cause the calculations to be performed
and the answer to be displayed. Further-
more print can by typed as a question
mark to minimize keystrokes.

The HX-20 can perform calculations
in both single- and double-precision (16
digits) accuracy. Variables and data can
be decimal, hex, and octal(!) integers.

All the usual, expected statements and
commands are in EBasic along with a
few notable additions. In particular, an
input$ statement is included; it reads a
specific number of characters from the
keyboard or a file and waits until they
are all delivered before proceeding.

Again, the file handling statements

All the usual, expected
statements and
commands are in
EBasic along with a
few notable additions.

are pretty much as one would expect,
but with a few interesting additions. The
function LOF returns the length of an
open file in bytes. Each file is defined in
the form “Device name: file name" with
file name being optional. As on DEC’S
RSTS-1 1 (Resource Sharing, Time Shar-
ing) system, a file can be easily directed
to another device by simply changing
the name. Recognized devices include
the keyboard, display, internal and ex-
ternal cassette recorders, RS-232 ports,
and internal printer. We are told that the
ROM software packs will be recognized
also.

Files may be saved in either ASCII or
a compressed binary format. The files
mentioned above (tape, printer, display,
etc.) are all sequential files. However,
files in the RAM memory are random

*** «««««

4

access. In addition to allocating string
space, the clear command can be used
to set aside protected file space. Once
allocated, individual files can be defined
in this cleared area using deffil which
defines record length and number of
bytes from the beginning of the first
record. All types of data may be mixed
in a record.

It would seem that RAM memory
files would be quite useful for storing ta-
bles of constants or conversion factors
that must be frequently referenced or for
storing data to be passed from one pro-
gram to another. This sort of capability
encourages structured programming
since intermediate results are easily set
aside for use in the next set of steps.

The graphics commands are adequate
if not extensive, pset lights up one pixel,
preset turns it off, and line draws a
line between two defined points, point
is a cousin of peek in that it tells if a
particular pixel is lit up.

In summary, EBasic is sophisticated
and well suited to the capabilities of the
HX-20. We expressed disappointment in
the Basic implementation for the DEC
Rainbow 100 in that it did not take full
advantage of the hardware; this Basic is
quite the opposite. As would be ex-
pected, the Basic tends to be oriented
most strongly toward business, engineer-
ing, and educational applications.
Graphics games enthusiasts should look
elsewhere.

Monitor and Machine Language

When you switch on the HX-20, the
screen always shows the menu, the first
three lines of which are always the same,
namely:

CTRL/® Initialize

1 MONITOR

2 BASIC

The first line essentially says that
pressing the control and ampersand keys
together will initialize the computer.
This clears all memory contents and the
system clock. It also sets default values
for memory size, and file space, and re-
assigns the five function keys to the ten
preset functions described above. Thus
control/® is a global and somewhat
dangerous command.

According to the rather sparse docu-
mentation we had, more of which later,
the monitor is interrelated with “assem-
bly language” programming. Unfortu-
nately the documentation provided no
instructions whatsoever for writing ma-
chine or assembly language programs.
The closest we came to doing anything
in assembly language was to use the
memset command to allocate space for
programs below the space for Basic
programs.

If the processor is truly compatible
with the 6800, then one could presum-

110

March 1983 c Creative Computing

HOME IS THE LAST PLACE
YOU SHOULD LEARN ABOUT A

HOME COMPUTER.

WANT TO LEARN SOMETHING
ABOUT HOME COMPUTERS?
HERE . IT'S FREE.

AT HOME. IT COULD COST YOU

No one expects you to know
everything about a home
computer before you
buy it. A fact
which is not
lost on
our

competitors have skimped. Use your^
sense of touch in the store
You'll feel the VIC 20's su-
periority immediately. It feels
a lot more expensive than
it is.

If these two senses don't
convince you that the VIC 20
offers more for the money than
any other home computer, simply rely
on common sense.

NOW THAT YOU KNOW HOW EASY

A COMMODORE HOME
COMPUTER IS TO OWN , FIND
OUT HOW EASY IT IS TO EXPAND

One thing about home com-
puters that you're bound to discover at
home is that, once you learn what they
can do, you'll want them to do more and
more. To do this, you may need acces-
sories called peripherals. These let you

early to start planning to
add peripherals. If that's what
you think, you're once again playing
right into the hands of our competitors.

Because once they've gotten you to
buy their home computer, for what
seems to be a reasonable price, they
have you hooked on their system.

The costs of which, if you'll examine
the chart below, can really start getting
unreasonable. For example, while these
computers may seem to be close to the
same price to start, an expanded system

competition.

They know
that an impressively low price can
divert your attention from some depress-
ingly cheap features. So that you won't
know what you may be missing with
their home computer until after it's been
in your home for a while.

At which point, naturally, it'll cost
you to change your mind.

IT'S EASY TO TELL THE DIFFERENCE.

Fortunately, you don't have to be
a computer engineer to tell
what makes the
Commodore
VIC 20™ su-
perior to the
competition.
All you have to
do is take advan-
tage of three of your
five senses.

Use your sense of
vision and read this comparison
chart. You can see in black and
white where two of our major

EXPANSION COSTS

VIC 20- or
COMMODORE 64-

TI99/4A*

ATARI 400 *

BASIC

Included

Included

$59.95

Peripheral
Expansion System

Disk Drive

Not

Necessary

$399.00

$249.95

399.95

Not

Necessary

599.95

Disk Controller Card

Included

249.95

Included

Modem

109.95

224.95

199.95

Modem Interface

Included

174.95

219.95

TOTAL

$508.95

$1299.75

$1079.80

Manufacturer s suggested i«t prices Prices per Tl June December 1982 U S Consumer Products Suggested Price List
Atari prices effective July 1. 1982 Suggested Retail Price List

get more out of a home computer by

letting you put more into it.
Th<

They include items like cassette
recorders and disk drives to input data,
modems for telecomputing and printers.
And all VIC 20 peripherals are fully com-
patible with the powerful Commodore
64™ personal computer.

PLAN AHEAD.

When you start looking at your first
home computer, you may think it's too

can cost you twice as much with Tl or
Atari as with the Commodore VIC 20 or
Commodore 64

THINK OF IT AS BUYING A TOASTER.

It's easy to fill up a computer ad
with RAM's and ROM's, numbers and
technical jargon. But when it comes right

COMPUTER FEATURES

VIC 20

Tl 99/4A

ATARI 400

Typewriter Keys

Yes

Yes

No

Typewriter Feel

Yes

No

No

Color Control Keys

Yes

No

No

Graphics on Keys

Yes

No

No

Reverse Letters

Yse

No

Yes

Programmable Function Keys

Yes

No

No

Works with TV or Monitor

Yes

Yes

No

True Lower Case Letters

Yes

No

Yes

DISK FEATURES

Capacity

170K

90K

88K

down to it. buying a home computer is
just like buying anything else. It's impor-
tant to know just what you're getting
for your hard-earned money.

And we hope we've accomplished
that here by telling you about the cost of
expanding your Commodore VIC 20
or Commodore 64 computer.

ft commodore

COMPUTER

USA -PO Bo* 500. Conshohocten. BA 19428. Canada — 3370 Pharmacy Awe . Agincourt. Ontario. Canada M1W2K4

CIRCLE 130 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Epson HX-20, continued...

ably use one of the many books on 6800
programming to write code for the HX-
20. I am not sufficiently versed in 6800
programming, or any machine language
programming for that matter, to experi-
ment with this.

The monitor commands allow dump-
ing and changing blocks of memory and
saving binary files on tape. The monitor
also gives you the ability to change the
contents of the various processor reg-
isters and set breakpoints. One nifty
command is K which allows you to set
up a “boot" program which is automati-
cally executed when the HX-20 is
switched on. Hence, you could have the
machine come up in Basic, a word
processing program, or anything else
you wanted.

With the standard 16K memory, the
amount of memory normally allocated
to Basic programs is 12,891 bytes; an-
other 500 bytes are allocated to variable
and string file space; the balance is used
by the system. Adding the 16K expan-
sion memory pack increases the avail-
able program space to 29,275 bytes.

Other Software Packages

At the time of our evaluation, none of
the other software packages was avail-
able. But at a recent conference, the
Epson people were showing a pre-release
version of a word processing package
called Correspondent and mailing list
program, MList. Both are to be made
available “soon" on ROM packs.

Other software packages in the works
include a spreadsheet program,
Epsoncalc; a database management
package called Personal Office, and a
sales order package which lets orders be
recorded, issues receipts, and downloads
order files to a host computer at the
home office.

Also in the works is a program writer
type of package, DIY, along the lines of
The Last One which is said to allow
users to write software in plain English.
We are somewhat skeptical about these
type of packages, but this one could turn
out to be better.

Documentation

At a recent conference, I held up the
HX-20 in one hand and two fat three-
ring binders of documentation in the
other. I remarked that this is the first
computer for which the documentation
was larger and weighed more than the
computer itself. Actually, that is not
quite fair as the documentation I had
was preliminary, double spaced and re-
produced on only one side of the sheet.
Presumably, when it is typeset and
printed it will be considerably more
compact.

I had only the documentation for the
Basic language which, as mentioned ear-

Approximate Pricing

Epson HX-20 plus A.C. recharger

$795

Same with carrying case

820

Microcassette drive

135

16K expansion memory pack

150

Application ROM packs

100

Acoustic coupler

165

Monitor/TV adapter

n/a

Barcode reader

n/a

lier, was produced by Ski Soft. The man-
ual was an excellent combination of
tutorial and reference material. Epson
has a well-deserved reputation for user-
friendly documentation, and this was no
exception. Unfortunately, the manual
lacked an index, a curious omission.

Unfortunately, several letters and six
phone calls to the Epson folks in Califor-
nia failed to elicit a copy of the technical
manual. Dick Pountain at PCW wangled
a copy from the British distributor and
he reports that it, like the Basic manual,
is quite good.

Dick reports that “the technical man-
ual is remarkably detailed, going

This is the first
computer for which the
documentation is larger
and weighs more than
the computer itself.

through all the hardware down to the
signal and timing level and ending with
maintenance and repair instructions
which are intended for the dealer and re-
pair shop."

In Summary

The HX-20 is a quantum leap forward
in putting the power and capability of a
full computer in a compact package. It is
aimed squarely at business and educa-
tional users, both those willing to do
their own programming as well as those
seeking a turnkey machine. The planned
software releases on ROM pack will en-
hance the usefulness of the machine
substantially.

Personally, I believe the version that
will have the widest acceptance is the
one with the built-in microcassette re-
corder. Although using an external tape
cassette recorder saves a few dollars on
the purchase price, it reduces portability
and does not permit the use of the ex-
cellent fast wind and seek capabilities.
For many purposes, the built-in
microcassette will obviate the need for a
floppy disk drive (not expected out until

112

well into 1983).

The quality of the full-stroke key-
board is excellent, although because it is
actually part of a printed circuit board,
there is a noticeable "give" during fast
typing. Strengthening or supporting this
board would be a welcome modification.
Nevertheless, it is certainly suitable for
light word processing and I look for-
ward to the introduction of the ROM
pack.

For working on a plane, train, or
away from the office the HX-20 is un-
rivaled. How often I have dreamed of
having a spreadsheet or word processing
computer with me on cross country or
transatlantic plane trips! It would seem
that the HX-20 is the answer to these
dreams.

The barcode reader is an interesting
add-on that could open up a huge mar-
ket for stock control and sales order
applications.

Given the immense marketing clout of
the Epson organization, I expect the
HX-20 to occupy a significant place in
the computer market before too long.
This suggests that many third party ven-
dors will rush in to produce software
packages which should contribute to the
desirability and acceptance of the
computer.

Epson America, Inc., 3415 Kashiwa
St., Torrance, CA 92505. □

CIRCLE 426 ON READER SERVICE CARD

TRS-80

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Programs like CIA Adventure, Disk Mail, PILOT, Trend Calc, Pac Mania, ,
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Ask for list (24 Level I issues also available) uacforTa

fits

\ W/

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CIRCLE 127 ON READER SERVICE CARD

CLOAD

MAGAZINE
INC.

RO. Box 1448
Santa Barbara,
CA 93102
(805) 962-6271

ONLY THE BEST SOFTWARE
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your typing fingers a vacation.

A subscription to CHROMASETTE Magazine consist of 6 to 8
ready-to-load programs on tape delivered by First Class Mail every
month. Programs like Blockade, Drawer. Mansion Adventure, CK
Monitor. Append. Germ, and Cataloger

Give yourself an extended holiday — Get a subscription

V to CHROMASETTE Magazine. Or just take ^

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The Bottom Line:

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^ 0 ^ / Overseas — add S 10 to SutXCrtpOOTB and SI

/ to single copies Sent AO rate

/ MasterCard/Visa

/ The Fine Print:

All issues from July 1981 available — ask for list Programs are for
the Extended BASIC models and occasionally for disks

(805) 963- 1066

MAGAZINE P.O. Box 1087 Santa Barbara, CA 93102

CIRCLE 128 ON READER SERVICE CARD

ATARI

800 48K. .$495
400 16K. .$209

410 Recorder 1 75

810 Disk Drive 1419

825 Printer 1579

830 Modem 1155

850 Interface 1165

481 Entertainer 1 79

482 Educator 1119

483 Programmer 1 55

484 Communicator 1299

853 16K Ram $ 75

The Bookkeeper Kit H69

ATARI Software

CX4104 Mailing List 1 19

CX404 Word Processor 1105

CXL4007 Music Composer 1 45

Programming 2 & 3 1 22

Conversational Languages 1 45

CX4018 Pilot 1 59

CX405 Pilot $ 99

CXL4003 Assembler Editor 1 45

CX8126 Microsoft Basic 1 67

CXL4022 Pac Man 1 33

CX8130 Caverns of Mars 1 29

CXL4020 Centipede 1 33

CXL4006 Super Breakout 1 28

CXL4008 Space Invaders 1 28

CXL4009 Computer Chess 1 28

CXL4011 Star Raiders 1 33

CXL4012 Missile Command 1 28

CXL4013 Asteroids 1 28

The Bookeeper $105

Home Filing Manager $ 36

Atari Speed Reading 1 54

My First Alphabet 1 26

Business & Utilities

Visicalc 1169

Mail Merge 1 20

Data Perfect 1 75

Letter Perfect 1105

Text Wizard $ 65

Disk Detective $ 20

Datasm 652.0 1 59

File Manager 800 ♦ 1 65

Syn Assembler 1 34

Page 6 1 20

Atari World 1 39

K-Dos 1 59

Micropainter 1 23

Color Print 127

Lisp Interpreter 1 79

Bishops Square 1 20

Graphic Master 1 27

Graphic Generator 1 17

Basic Compiler 1 65

Programming Techniques

Display Lists 1 17

Horiz/Vert Scroll 1 17

Page Flipping 1 17

Basics of Animation 1 17

Player Missile Graphics $ 24

Sound 1 17

Data Files 1 24

For Fast Delivery, send certified or cashier
checks, money orders, or direct bank wire
transfers. Personal checks allow 2 to 3
weeks to clear. Nevada residents add
sales tax. Prices reflect a cash discount
only and are subject to change. Shipping

— Software ($2.00 Minimum). Hardware

— call.

Foreign inquiries invited. Add 20 • for
shipping.

NEW LOWER PRICES

TOP SELLERS

Atari

Temple of Apshai
Raster Blaster

27

20

20

20

27

Rear Guard
Lunar Lander
War

1 17
1 17
$ 17

Star Warrior

1 27

Threshold

Invasion Orion

1 17

Mousekattack

23

Dragon's Eye

1 20

Krazy Shootout

34

Crush. Crumble & Chomp

1 20

Deadline

34

Jawbreaker

1 20

Tumble Bugs

20

Zork 1

$ 27

Pool 15

23

Zork II

$ 27

Crypts Of Terror

23

Softporn Adventure

$ 20

Richochet

15

Deluxe Invaders

$ 23

Empire of the Overmind

23

Dodge Racer

1 23

Tanktics

20

Chicken

$ 23

Match Racers

20

Nautilus

1 23

Wiz 8 Princess

22

Rescue at Rigel

1 20

Mission Asteroid

17

David's Midnight Magic

1 23

Ah Baba & the Forty Thieves

22

Speedway Blast

1 27

The Shattered Alliance

27

Frogger

$ 23

Bug Attack

20

Gorf

$ 27

Canyon Climber

20

Miner 2049er

1 34

Shooting Arcade

20

Protector II

$ 23

Pacific Coast Highway

20

Shamus

$ 23

Clowns & Balloons

20

Submarine Commander

$ 34

Ghost Hunter

23

Jumbo Jet

$ 34

Preppie

20

Bandits

$ 23

*** SPECIALS OF THE MONTH ***

ELEPHANT DISKS (BOX) $22

HAYES SMARTMODEM $209

MOSAIC 32K RAM $ 99

RAMDISK (128K) $429

AMDEK COLOR I MONITOR $309

PERCOM DOUBLE DENSITY DRIVE $639

NEC 8023A PRINTER $479

BASIC A 4- $ 59

FLIP N’ SORT DISKETTE BOX $ 21

(Holds 50 Diskettes)

FLIP-SORT CARTRIDGE BOX $ 21

(Holds 10 Atari Computer Cartridges)

AXIOM GP-100 GRAPHICS PRINTER $299

AXIOM IMP-4 GRAPHICS PRINTER $499

MOSAIC 64K RAM $179

BIT 80 COLUMN BOARD $289

ALL APX SOFTWARE 15% TO 20% OFF

Computer Outlet

Park Place — Upper Level
1095 E. Twain — (702) 796 0296
Las Vegas, Nevada 89109

Call Toll
Free

800-634-6766 °' d 0 e ^ ine

Order Inquiries (702) 796-5523
We accept Major Credit Cards

Mon.-Fri. 8 A M. -6 P M.

Sat. 9 A M. -5 PM.

Dealer Inquiries Invited

NEW

Atari

Automated Simulations

Upper Reaches of Apshai (D, C) 1 15

Curse of Re (D. C) 1 15

King Arthur’s Heir (D) 1 20

Escape from VOIcan's Isle (D) 1 20

Crypt of the Undead (D) 1 20

The Nightmare (D) 1 20

Danger in Drlndistl (D. C) 1 15

Armor Assault (D) 1 27

Monster Maze (CT) 1 27

Alien Garden (CT) 1 27

Plattermania (CT) 1 27

Broderbund

David's Midnight Magic (D)

23

Track Attack (D)

20

Star Blazer (D)

22

Choplifter (D)

23

Deadly Secrets (D)

23

Stellar Shuttle (D.C)

20

Genetic Drift (D. C)

20

Labyrinth (D. C)

20

Serpintine(D)

23

Sea Fox (D)

20

Datasoft

Spell Wizard (D)

$ 53

Sands of Egypt (D)

$ 27

O'Riley's Mine (D.C)

$ 23

Rosen s Brigade (D. C)

$ 23

Fathoms Forth (D)

$ 23

Gebelli

Doctor Goodcode's Cavern (D)

. 1 20

Firebird (CT)

1 34

Embargo (CT)

1 34

Innovative Design

Pool 400 (CT) 1 27

Speedway Blast (CT) 1 27

JV Software

Ghost Encounters (D, C) 1 20

KByte

K-razy Kritters (CT) 1 34

K-Star Patrol (CT) 1 34

K Razy Antiks (CT) 1 34

L & S Computerware

Crossword Magic (D) 1 34

Lightning Software

Master Type 1 27

On-Line

Frogger(D) 1 23

Ulysses and The Golden Fleece (D) . . 1 23

Ultima 1(D) 127

Ultima 11(D) 1 39

Roklan Corp.

Gorf (D) 127, (CT) 130

Wizard of Wor (D) 127. (CT) 130

Anti Sub Patrol (D) 120. (C) 115

Sentient

Cyborg (D) 1 23

Gold Rush (D) 1 23

Sirius

Space Eggs (D) 1 20

Sneakers (D) 1 20

Cyclod(D) 1 20

Snake Byte (D) 1 20

Bandits (D) 1 23

Way Out (D) 1 27

Fast Eddy (CT) 1 20

Deadly Duck (CT) 1 20

World War I (CT) 1 23

Beanie Bopper (CT) 1 23

Strategic Simulations

Battle of Shiloh (D. C) 1 27

Tigers in the Snow (D.C) 1 27

The Cosmic Balance (D) 1 27

Big Five Software

Miner 2049er(CT) 1 34

Bram Inc.

Attack at EP-CYG 4 (D) 122. (C) 120

FRIENDLY SERVICE

Software

NEW

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Odssta Corporation

Chess (D) $45

Checkers (D) $34

Odin (0) $ 34

Spactravision

Nexar(CT) $ 24

Cave In (CT) $27

Number Crunch (CT) $27

Reaganomics (CT) $ 27

Spinnaker

Snooper Troops #1 (D) $ 30

Snooper Troops #2(0) $ 30

Story Machine (D) $ 23

Face Maker (0) $ 23

Swifty Software

Haunted Hill (D) $20.(0$ 17

Trivia Trek (D) $20

Oatalink (0) $ 27

Space Shuttle (D) $ 20

Jerry White's Music Lessons (D. C) $ 20
Swifty Tach Master (0) $20.(0$ 17

Synapse

Protector II (D)$23. (CT)$ 29

Chicken (D)$23. (CT)$ 29

Slime (D) $23. (CT) $ 29

Shamus (D)$23. (CT)$ 29

Picknick Paranoia (D)$23. (CT)$ 29

Claim Jumper (D)$23. (CT)$ 25

Acocalypse (D. C) $ 23

Raptillian (D. C) $23

Tronix

Kid Grid (0.0 $ 20

Millikan Publishing

Aliencounter (Face Flash (D.C) $26

The Jar Game/Chaos (D. C) $ 26

Gulp/Arrow Graphics (0. C) $ 26

Golf Classic/Compubar $ 26

Frenzy/Flip Flop (D.C) $ 26

Battling Bugs/Concentration (0.0 $ 26

Thorn EMI

Submarine Commander (CT) $ 34

Jumbo Jet Pilot (CT) $ 34

Soccer (CT) $ 34

Kickback (CT) $ 34

Darts (C) $ 22

Snooker and Billiards (C) $ 22

Pool (C) $ 22

Dominoes and Cribbage (C) $ 22

Humpty Dumpty and Jack and
Jill (C) $ 22

Hickory Dickory Dock and Baa

Baa Black Sheep (C) $ 22

British Heritage Jigsaw

Puzzles (C) $ 22

European Scene Jigsaw Puzzles (C) $ 22
Owan and Bull and Cow(C) $ 22

Datamost

Pig Pen (D) $20

Infocom

Starcross(D) $27

Zork III (D) $ 27

The Computer Outlet is an
\ associate ot The Computer
•* Learning Center For Chil-
dren We are experts in
educational technology and can custom
ize educational software curriculums tor
school districts, individual schools, or tor
the child at home Please contact us
about your software and equipment re
quirements and feel tree to stop by our
school in Las Vegas

We have one of the world's largest
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mg our own Computer Learning Center
software

Ten Little Robots (ATARI) $12 95

Pre School Math (ATARI) $19 95

Funbunch — Elem $25 d

Funbunch — Int $25 d

Funbunch — SAT Prep $25 d

Ships Ahoy Math $20 d

Business & Utilities

Supercalc $179

Superwriter $239

Desktop Plan 1 $199

Visitrend/Plot $199

Visidex $169

Visicalc $169

Vislfile $199

Wordstar $279

Spellstar $169

The Tax Manager $159

Spellguard $179

Personal Investor $ 69

The Home Accountant Plus $ 95

Executive Accounting System $499

Real Estate Analyzer II $159

dBase II $459

T.I.M. Ill $299

Easy Speller $105

Easy Filer $239

Easy Writer II $209

Easy Planner $159

Peachtree G/L $329

Peachtree A/R $329

Peachtree A JP $329

Peachtree Inventory $329

Entartainmant

Frogger $23

Ulysses & The Golden Fleece $23

Cyborg $23

Deadline $34

Zork I $27

Zork II $27

Apple Panic $20

Temple of Apshai $27

Upper Reaches of Apshai $15

Jabbertalky $20

Curse of Ra $15

The Warp Factor $27

Call to Arms $20

Snooper Troops it $29

Snooper Troops #2 $29

Story Machine $23

Face Maker $23

Pig Pen $20

Space Strike $20

Lost Colony $20

Galaxy $17

Midway Campaign $15

Computer Stocks and Bonds $17

Voyager $17

Draw Poker $15

APPLE

SPECIALS

Business

Screenwriter II $ 69

Visicalc 3.3 $179

The Word Handler $129

Magic Window $ 65

Magic Mailer $ 45

Magic Words $ 45

Real Estate Analyzer II $125

Supercalc $179

PFS: Report (New) $ 65

PFS $ 89

PFS Graph $ 89

The General Manager $ 97

D B Master $159

Pascal Programmer $ 89

Pie Writer $ 95

Wordstar $219

Datafax $129

Datalmk $ 65

The Home Accountant $ 52

Payroll Manager $199

The Basic Compiler $ 69

Pie Writer/Multi 80 column $105

Pro-Easywriter/Mail Combo $209

Executive Briefing System $139

The Sensible Speller $ 89

Peripherals

Micromodem II $ 269

Novation Apple-Cat II Modem $ 319

The Joyport $ 53

The Grappler Plus $ 129

Game Paddles $ 28

Ramplus32K $ 159

Card Reader $1219

The Clock $ 229

Rana Elite One Disk Drive $ 359

System Saver $ 65

NEC 3510 Printer $1699

NEC 12' Green Screen Monitor $ 169

Microline 84 Printer $1089

Amdek Color II Monitor $ 699

Versa Writer Graphics Tablet $ 209

Ramcard $ 139

Softcard $ 249

Entertainment

BezWars $19

Bez-Man $ 15

Baseball $20

Ah Baba & The Forty Thieves $ 22

Fly Wars $ 20

Kabul Spy $ 23

The Gauntlet $ 24

Sea Fox $ 20

The Queen of Phobos $ 23

Zero Gravity Pinball $ 20

Amoeba Man $ 24

Marauder $ 24

Knight of Diamonds $ 24

Cytron Masters $ 27

Star Blazer $22

Swashbuckler $ 23

Twerps $ 20

Minotaur $23

Lemmings $ 20

Bandits $ 23

Dueling Digits $ 20

Cyclod $ 20

Frogger $23

Choplifter $ 23

Serpentine $ 23

David's Midnight Magic $ 23

Escape (A2 SGD $ 22

Congo $23

Goldrush $ 23

PigPen $ 20

Cannonball Blitz $23

Threshold $ 27

Time Zone $ 65

Ulysses & The Golden Fleece $ 23

Gorgon $27

Ceiling Zero $20

Raster Blaster $ 20

Pandora'sBox $ 20

Guadacanal $ 39

Juggles Rainbow $ 30

Bumble Games $ 39

Gertrude's Secrets $ 49

Snooper Troops «1 $ 30

Snooper Troops «2 $ 30

Story Machine $23

Face Maker $23

*** SPECIALS OF THE MONTH ***

SLAGH 24K MEMORY BOARD — VIC 20 $ 145

VERBATIM DISKS (BOX) $ 27

HAYES SMARTMODEM 1200 $ 519

WICO TRACKBALL $ 49

WICO JOYSTICK $ 23

WICO JOYSTICK DELUXE $ 26

WICO FAMOUS RED BALL JOYSTICK $ 24

CARDCO 6 SLOT EXPANSION MOTHER BOARD $ 79

CARDCO 3 SLOT EXPANSION MOTHER BOARD $ 39

CARDRITER LIGHT PEN (VIC 20) $ 29

POINTMASTER JOYSTICK $ 15

USI AMBER MONITOR (12") $ 169

KIDS AND THE VIC (BOOK) $ 18

KIDS AND THE ATARI (BOOK) $ 18

Computer Outlet

Park Place — Upper Level
1095 E. Twain — (702) 796-0296
Las Vegas. Nevada 89109

C f 4I°" 800-634-6766 0,d o e ^' nc

Order Inquiries (702) 796-5523
We accept Major Credit Cards
Mon.-Fri. 8 A M. -6 P. M.

Sat. 9 A.M.-5 PM.

Dealer Inquiries Invited

CIRCLE 139 ON READER SERVICE CARD

The Apple lie Personal Computer

It was a November week of visits to
computer and other high-tech compa-
nies in California's Silicon Valley, a rich
territory noteworthy enough to qualify
for recent Sixty Minutes and National
Geographic treatments. Highway 101 is
the standard bus that connects the

Danny Goodman

building directory did not list Apple
Computer, nor anything else on that
floor. “What better way to keep a secret
than to have offices on an unlisted

before suddenly had no power at all.
Such are the mysteries of working in a
new facility. Critics of the dependence of
a company or professional on a com-
puter should note this incident and con-
clude that we are instead dependent on
more fundamental needs. Electricity, for

sprawling communities around San Jose,
where the electronics industry knows lit-
tle of recession. In fact, practically every
office or factory visited fell into one of
two categories. Either they had just
moved into larger facilities, or expansion
into a new building or wing was
underway.

Veil of Secrecy

My job for the morning of the twelfth
was to see firsthand one of the best kept
secrets of the computer industry: the
specifications and features of a machine
that would have the onerous responsibil-
ity of becoming the successor to the
world famous Apple II Plus. All I knew
about it was its name: Apple lie.

Directions I was given over the phone
led me to a seven story Cupertino office
building still undergoing final construc-
tion and outfitting for its first round of
tenants. Fortunately, the directions also
included the floor on which the meeting
was to occur, because the sparsely-filled

Danny Goodman, 175B Island View Lane, Barrington,
IL 60010.

floor,” I muttered to myself.

When the elevator door opened, how-
ever, I was unmistakably in the lobby of
an Apple Computer facility. Literature

An outgrowth of the
flexibility of the II has
been an enormous
following of software
developers.

and retail displays boasting the merits of
the Apple II Plus and Apple III added
color to the predominantly grey color
scheme.

Our meeting was delayed a few min-
utes at the bidding of a Murphy's Law
application (“If anything can possibly go
wrong, it will.”). The room in which the
new computer and its predecessor had
been set up and checked out the night

example.

Before long, I met Paul Dali, general
manager of Apple’s Personal Computer
Systems Division. Together we entered a
small meeting room with what at first
looked like two Apple II Plus
systems — both with tops removed — set
up along the windows. But no, the two
machines were decidedly different.

Apple II Facts and Figures

As background to the development of
the new model, Paul analyzed the suc-
cess of the Apple II. He noted that over
the years Apple has been pursuing five
distinct markets with the Apple II. First
is the office, where a computer is used as
a productivity tool in basic tasks such as
word processing, database management,
communications, and the like. Such
productivity applications represent
Apple's biggest market.

Related to the office is the very small
business market, a difference denoted
not necessarily by company size (al-
though generally with sales under $20
million) but by specific applications for
the business — vertical systems, Apple

March 1983 c Creative Computing

116

ORDER NOW !
TOLL FREE

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Grafitti Card $ 94.95

Kensington System Saver $ 64.95

Hayes Micro Modem II $274.95

Micro Modem w/Terminal Program $289.95

Hayes Smart Modem 300 Baud $209.95

Rana Elite w/controller $389.95

Rana Elite $314.95

IBM Personal Computer

Microsoft 256K Ramcard $629.95

Printer Cable (I.B.M.) $ 39.95

VisiCalc $179.95

VisiFile $224.95

PRINTERS

NEC 8023AC

. . $469.95

EPSON MX 80 FT III with Graftrax . .

. . . Call for

EPSON MX 100

— Prices

BLANK DISKETTES 5y 4 " SS, SD

ELEPHANT (10)

VERBATIM (10)

$21.95

$28.95

TAR I 800
48K

$499.95

A Warner Communications Company

MONITORS

AMDEK Color I $319.95

NEC 12" Hi-Res Green $169.95

NEC IBM-PC Hi-Res RGB Color $699.95

Videoterm $239.95

Enhancer II $119.95

Joyport $ 39.95

ATARI 400 $219.95

ATARI 810 Disk Drive $419.95

ATARI 850 Interface $159.95

ATARI Printer Cable $ 29.95

WICO Red Ball Joystick $ 24.95

Send for FREE MICRO MERCHANT HOT SHEET.

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MICRO MERCHANT

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CIRCLE 207 ON REAPER SERVICE CARD

Apple lie, continued...

calls them. Into this category fall uses
such as accounting, payroll, credit union
systems, and banking systems. He es-
timated that today there are about
250,000 Apple IIs in the office, and that
most of these were brought into the of-
fice initially by an individual who spent
his or her own money on the unit.

A third market — and still quite a large
one at that — is the educational one.
Twenty-five percent of Apple’s sales are
to the educational market — I would
never have guessed such a large figure.
The balance of Apple IIs go to the
scientific/industrial and family/
consumer markets.

Addressing so many and such diverse
markets should be a nightmare for any
kind of product. But the Apple II has a
built-in feature that lets it meet needs in
all these areas: expansion slots. The unit
is an open system that lets the user put
in anything that transforms the basic
machine into a special purpose com-
puter. Paul summarized the Apple II
this way, “Flexibility is and always will
be the single biggest reason why the ma-
chine sells. It is so adaptable.’’

An outgrowth of the flexibility of the
II has been an enormous following of
software developers. Apple counts well
over 10,000 programs available for the
II. Paul maintained that the installed
base of the II is so big that it represents a
market too big for programmers to over-
look. “We can’t stop the software
development momentum. Every time
someone writes more software, they’ll
tend to write for the Apple also.’’

Although the Apple II has gone
through some revisions during its life-
time (replacing 4K RAM chips with
16K chips, improving color graphics.

and meeting FCC radio frequency
requirements), the basic features have
remained essentially unchanged. The
mother board has seven expansion slots.
The display output is a 40-column width
format and characters are shown in up-
per case only. Finally, the Apple II has
exhibited a good reliability record,
according to an informal and totally un-
scientific dealer poll I have taken over
the years.

Paul was quick to point out that de-
spite its popularity, the Apple II Plus
has several disadvantages. Lower case

A number of significant
changes were made in
the manufacturing
process of the lie as

well.

letter display is not standard. On-board
memory (RAM) is limited to 48K. The
teletype-like keyboard has a limited
character set. The attachment of
peripherals (printers, modems, game
controllers, etc.) requires removing the
top and plugging onto the appropriate
circuit card. An 80-column display
(particularly useful in professional
applications) is a costly add-on. And, al-
though some of these deficiencies could
be corrected with add-ons, not all cards
were compatible with one another.

(At this juncture, Paul and I were
joined by Walt Broedner, who designed
the insides of the new Apple, and Rick

118

Rice, production coordinator. Walt
brought along a chip-filled circuit board,
and Rick had a complete computer as
props for their parts of the presentation.
More about those later.)

Enter Apple lie

Paul then went on to formally in-
troduce the newest Apple, the Apple lie,
“e“ for “enhanced.’’ And enhanced it is.
While the changes in the lie will be
more apparent to current Apple follow-
ers, the end product for the first-time
shopper is a machine with many built-in
features.

To the uncritical eye, the lie cabinet
looks like a clone of the II. The dif-
ferences in appearance lie in the key-
board (see below) and the logo. The
proper designation is Apple //e (as in
Apple ///), and the logo is now at the
lower left comer of the removable top
instead of at the bottom center.

The basic (“vanilla,” Paul called it)
He will be sold with a minimum of 64 K
RAM, expandable to 128K with an
additional memory board. That’s getting
the He up to where the Apple III starts
taking over for heavy-duty business
applications.

Applesoft Basic is no longer on a sepa-
rate language board that takes up an
expansion slot. It is now resident on the
motherboard as part of a new custom
integrated circuit.

Upper and lower case characters are
both standard. Display characters on the
monitor are composed in a 5x7 picture
element array within a 7x9 field, allow-
ing for lower case descenders.

The 63-key keyboard in many ways
resembles that of the Apple III (without
numeric keypad). The full 128-character

March 1983 c Creative Computing

The speed and power of an IBM PC
on a $345 Apple® card.

program space, or 174K program space (192K
system memory) for an extra $75.

THE 8087 NUMERIC DATA PROCESSOR

The AD128K Memory Card features a socket for
the Intel 8087 Numeric Data Processor. The 8087’s
80-bit internal format gives 18 digits of accuracy
(Applesoft has only 9). Its speed is equally impres-
sive: it multiplies two 80-bit floating-point numbers
faster than the Apple runs 10 machine codes!

FAST 5 MHZ OPERATION,

TRUE MULTIPROCESSING

ALF’s AD8088 Processor Card adds a fast 16-bit
8088, the processor used in the IBM PC, to your
Apple II. It runs programs from its on-board memory
at a full 5 MHz— 12% faster than the IBM PC— while
the Apple also runs at full speed. And two or more
AD8088’s can be used in one Apple, to tackle
problems that are beyond many mainframe systems.

CP/M-86 AND 192K MEMORY

CP/M-86® , the 8088 version of the industry stan-
dard CP/M operating system, is available for the
AD8088 for only $200. AD8088 CP/M-86 uses the
popular Microsoft Softcard® disk format so you can
buy the latest programs direct from major software
distributors like Lifeboat Associates.

CP/M-86 uses only 18K, leaving 46K for pro-
grams on a 64K Apple— easily enough memory to
assemble 12K of object code. For large programs,
our $370 AD128K Memory Card provides 110K

FASTER APPLESOFT FOR SCIENTIFIC &
ANALYTICAL PROGRAMS

Any program can be rewritten for fast operation
with the 8088, but ALF’s “FTL” program speeds up
math in your existing Applesoft programs— without
modification. FTL is activated simply by typing RUN
FTL. Programs produced by TASC® or Expediter II®
also run faster. The graphs below show the dramatic
improvement with FTL.

51.7

10 PRINT "2 3
20 FOR B = 5 TO
1000 STEP 2
30 F0RC = 3T0
SQR(B)STEP2
40 IF B/C = INT
(B/C)THEN 70
50 NEXT
60 PRINT B;"

70 NEXT B

Program to compute
prime numbers APPLESOFT TASC EXPEDITER II

from 2 to 1000. execution time in seconds

RELIABLE LOW POWER OPERATION

The clean design of the “AD” series separates the
two main components— processor and expansion
memory, when needed— on two cards. Low-power
components are used for cooler operation: each card
draws less than an Apple ROM card — far less than a
typical 80-column card.

SEE YOUR APPLE DEALER TODAY

An Apple II computer with 64K (48K plus
Language Card equivalent) and 13- or 16-sector disk
drive is required. The AD8088 and AD128K can be
used in any slot.

Trademarks: ‘ Apple'' Apple Computer. •‘TASC’*, "Softcard”: Microsoft. “Expediter II”: Einstein/Goodrow. “CP/M-86”: Digital Research

A L F PRODUCTS INC. 1448 ESTES DENVER. CO BQ215

(303) 23<4-OS71

ASCII set is on the keyboard. All keys
also have auto repeat (holding a key
down causes the character to repeat —
especially helpful in fast cursor move-
ment). The key layout of the He includes
four cursor keys (all in a row at the
lower right) and Open Apple/Solid Ap-
ple limited function keys (on each side of
the space bar). A raised dot on the D, K,
and one cursor key help touch typists
keep on track.

The RESET key has been moved to the
far upper right of the keyboard and an
accidental press won't clear out your
machine and an hour's keyboard input.
That operation now requires a delib-
erate, three-key sequence (simulta-
neously pressing ctrl-open
apple-reset). The new reset procedure
is also aimed at saving the power switch,
one of the biggest service problems on
the II Plus.

The motherboard, although still
presenting a 40-column display as stan-
dard, is equipped to accept a new, “in-
expensive” 80-column card that has only
five integrated circuits. No price for the

card was available, but it was to com-
pare favorably with II Plus 80-column
cards which cost in excess of $300. The
Apple 80-column card fits into an auxil-
iary connector located out of the way
from the seven slots, but is still equiva-

How will the hundreds
of companies currently
selling Apple
supporting products
respond to the new
unit?

lent to slot 3. The decision to offer 80
columns as an option was based on cost-
conscious education and consumer mar-
ket needs for only 40-column displays.
With the lie 80-column board in place,
the user has mixed screen modes avail-
able. There can be graphics on the upper

screen and either 40- or 80-column text
on the bottom four lines.

Low resolution color graphics are
40x48 elements in 16 colors. With 64K
RAM installed, optimum color graphics
resolution is 290x192 (six colors). But
this increases to a 560x192 array if the
full complement of 128K RAM is
installed.

There are significant improvements in
the back panel, or “backplane,” as it is
known. The panel is now metal, with
several holes precut to accept female
connectors attached by cable to the
accessory cards installed in the expan-
sion slots. There is room for up to four
each of the following D-connectors: 25,
19, and 9-pin. The 9-pin holes also ac-
cept DIN-type connectors, popular in
Europe.

Additionally, the game controller
connector has been permanently in-
stalled on the backplane, yet the old
connector has been left inside the cabinet
(a small clock card was installed in the
He for our demonstration). The use of
panel connectors will make switching
peripherals a much easier task. In-
cidentally, the design better seals the
unit against RF leakage. All Apple-
manufactured cards will have connec-
tors and short cables, as well as an
adapter that will let II Plus owners slide
the connector into their plastic
backplane slot.

Hidden Improvements

There are many changes, too, that
may not be apparent to the user, but are
no less important.

The microprocessor is a newer version
of the older 8-bit 6502. The chip is called
the 6502A which can operate at a speed
of 2 megaHertz (mHz.), but in the He is
kept at the old speed of 1.8 mHz.

A number of signifcant changes were
made in the manufacturing process of
the He as well. In the Apple II Plus de-

120

March 1983 c Creative Computing

Disk Drive for Apple *2B9? 5

Modems

k

CP/M 3.0 Upgrade

| Single Board Computer

SIGNALMAN - Anchor

Direct -connect automatic answer /originate selection. 300
Baud full duplex. Bell 103, includes RS-232 cable

IOM-5600A Signalman $89.95

SMARTMODEM - Hayes

Sophisticated direct-connect auto-answer/ auto-dial
modem, touch-tone or pulse dialing. RS-232C interface.

programmable

IOM-5400A Smartmodem $224.95

IOK-1500A Hayes Chronograph $218.95

IOM-2010A Micromodem II $328.95

IOM-2012A Terminal program for MMII $89.95

IOM-1100A Micromodem 100 $388.95

APPLE-CAT - Novation

Software selectable 1200 or 300 Baud, direct connect, auto-
answer /auto-dial, touch 4 pulse dialing, auxiliary 3- wire RS-
232C serial port for printer

IOM-5232A Save $5 0 00 $324.95

1200 BAUD SMARTMODEM - Hayes

1200 and 300 baud, all the features of the standard
Smartmodem plus 1200 baud. 212 compatible, full or half
duplex.

IOM-S500A Smartmodem 1200 $599.95

1200 BAUD AUTO CAT - Novation

212 Auto Cat. 1200 A 300 baud, auto dial /answer /disconnect.
LED readout displays mode, analog/digital loop-back self
tests, usable with multi-line phones

IOM-5231A 212 Auto Cat $649.95

Video Monitors

HI-RES 12" GREEN - Zenith

15 MHz band with 700 lines/ inch. P31 green phosphor,
switchable 40 or 90 columns, small, light-weight 6 portable
VDM-201201 List price $189 95 $129.95

12" GREEN SCREEN - NEC

20 MHz bandwidth. P31 phosphor ultra-high resolution
video monitor with audio.

VDM-651200 Deluxe model $199.95

VDM-651260 Economy model $149.95

12" COLOR MONITOR - NEC

High resolution color monitor with audio.

VDC-651212 Color monitor $389.95

NEC-1 202D RGB color monitor $999.95

13" COLOR MONITORS - BMC

18 MHz RGB & composite video color monitors.

VDC-421320 13" RGB Color $369.95

VDC-421310 13" Composite video $329.95

VDX-420090 RGB card for Apple $149.95

COLOR MONITORS - Amdek

Reasonably priced color video monitors.

VDC-80130 13" Color I $379.95

VDC-801320 13" Color II $894.95

IOV-2300A DVM board for Apple $199.95

AMBER or GREEN MONITORS - Jade

High resolution 18 MHz compact video monitors

VDM-751210 12" Amber phosphor $149.95

VDM-751220 12" Green phosphor $139.95

VDM-750910 9" Amber phosphor $149.95

VDM-750920 9" Green phosphor $139.95

EPROM Erasers

ULTRA-VIOLET EPROM ERASERS

Inexpensive erasers tor industry or home

XME-3100A Spectromcs w/o timer $69.50

XME-3101A Spectromcs with timer $94.50

XME-3200A Economy model $39.95

NEW CP/M 3.0 - Digital Research

CP/M 3.0 is Digital Research's latest version of the industry
standard disk operating system. It features many
performance improvements such as intelligent record
buttering, improved directory handling. "HELP" facility,
time/date stamping of tiles and many more improvements.
AND A TREMENDOUS INCREASE IN SPEED Iff. it is fully
CP/M 2.2 compatible and requires no changes to your
existing application software Available only to Ver sat loppy
II owners with SBC-200 CPU's

SFC-55009057F CP/M 3.0 8" with manuals $200.00

SFC-55009057D CP/M 3 0 manual set $30.00

Apple II Accessories

APPLE DISK DRIVE - Fourth Dimension

Totally Apple compatible. 143.360 bytes per drive on DOS
3 3. half-track capability - reads all Apple software, plugs
right in to Apple controller as second drive. DOS 3.3. 3.2. 1.
Pascal. 6 CP/M compatible

MSM-1 23200 40 Track add on Apple drive $289.95
MSM-1 23200 Controller with free DOS 3.3 $99.95

16K RAM CARD - for Apple II

Expand your Apple II to 64K. use as language card, full 1 year
warranty Why spend $175.00 ?

MEX-16700A Save over $100 00 $69.95

Z-80 CPU CARD • for Apple II

Two computers in one. Z-80 4 6502. more than doubles the
power and potential of your Apple, includes Z-80 CPU card
CP/M and complete manual set

CPX-62800A A 6 7 with software $249.95

APPLE-CAT - Novation

Software selectable 1200 or 300 baud, direct connect, auto-
answer/ auto-dial, auxiliary 3-wire RS232C serial port for
printer

IOM-5232A Save $50001!! $325.95

8" DISK CONTROLLER - Vista

New from Vista Computer, single or double sided, single or
double density, compatible with DOS 3. 2/3.3. Pascal. &
CP/M 2.2. Shugart 6 Qume compatible

IOD-2700A 447 $499.95

2 MEGABYTES for Apple II

Complete package includes: Two 8' double-density disk
drives. Vista double-density 8" disk controller, cabinet,
power supply. 4 cables. DOS 3 2/3.3, CP/M 2.2. 4 Pascal

compatible

1 MegaByte Package Kit $1495.00

1 MegaByte Package 44 7 $1695.00

2 MegaByte Package Kit $1795.00

2 MegaByte Package 44 7 $1995.95

VISION 80 - Vista Computer

80 column x 24 line video card for Apple II. 128 ASCII
characters, upper and lower case. 9x10 dot matrix with 3 dot
descenders, standard data media terminal control codes.
CP/M Pascal 4 Fortran compatible. 50/60 Hz

IOV-2400A Vista Vision 80 $299.95

CPS MULTICARD - Mtn. Computer

Three cards in one! Real time clock/calendar, serial
interface. 4 parallel interface - all on one card.

IOX-2300A 44 7 $179.95

Power Strips

ISOBAR - GSC

Isolates 4 protects your valuable equipment from high
voltage spikes 4 AC line noise, inductive isolated ground. 15

amp circuit breaker. U.L. listed

EME-115103 3 socket $39.50

EME-115105 4 socket $49.50

EME-1 15100 8 socket $54.50

EME-115110 9 socket rackmount $74.50

SUPEROUAD - Adv. Micro Digital

Single board, standard size S-100 computer system. 4 MHz
Z-80 A. single or double density disk controller for 5V 4 " or 8"
drives. 64K RAM. extended addressing, up to 4K of EPROM.
2 serial 4 2 parallel I/O ports, real time interrupt clock. CP/M

compatible

CPC-30800A 44 7 $724.95

IOX-4232A Serial I/O adapter $29.95

Z-80 STARTER KIT - SD Systems

Complete Z-80 microcomputer with RAM. ROM. I/O.
keyboard, display, kludge area, manual. 4 workbook.

CPS-30100K Kit with workbook $299.95

CPS-30100A 4 4 7 with workbook $469.95

AIM-65 - Rockwell International

Complete 6502 microcomputer with alphanumeric display.

printer, keyboard. 4 instruction manual.

CPK-50165A IK AIM-65 $424.95

CPK-50465A 4K AIM-65 $474.95

SFK -74600008E 8K Basic ROM $64.95

SFK - 64600004 E 4K assembler ROM $43.95

SFK-74600020E PL/65 ROM $84.95

SFK -7460001 0E Forth ROM $64.95

SFK-74600030E Instant Pascal $99.95

PSX-030A Power supply $64.95

ENX-000002 Enclosure $54.95

SPECIAL PACKAGE

4K AIM-65. 8K Basic, power supply. 4 enclosure

Special Package Price $649.95

S-100 EPROM Boards

PROM-100 - SD Systems

2708. 2716. 2732 EPROM programmer with software.

MEM-995 20K Kit with software $189.95

MEM-995 20A 4 4 7 with software $249.95

PB-1 - SSM Microcomputer

2708. 2716 EPROM board with on-board programmer

MEM-99510K Kit with manual $154.95

MEM-99510A 4 4 7 with manual $219.95

EPROM BOARD - Jade

16K or 32 K uses 2708 or 2716 EPROMs. IK boundary

MEM-16230K Kit w/o EPROMs $79.95

MEM-16230A 4 4 7 w/o EPROMs $119.95

S-100 Video Boards

SPECTRUM COLOR - CompuPro

Full-function color graphics board, up to 8 colors. 256 x 192

graphics, parallel I/O port. 8K RAM

IOV-1870A 44 7 $348.95

IOV-1870C CSC $398.95

MICROANGELO - Scion

Ultra-high- resolution 512 x 480. 256 color or black 4 white S-
100 video board

IOV-1500A 44 7 $799.96

S-100 MotherBoards

ISO-BUS - Jade

Silent, simple, and on sale - a better motherboard

6 Slot f5y«" ir 8VJ

MBS-061B Bare board $22.95

MBS-061K Kit $39.95

MBS-061 A 447 $69 95

12 stot mr * •%">

MBS-121B Bare board $34.95

MBS-121K Kit $69.95

MBS-121 A 44 7 $109.95

18 StofffW m8%")

MBS-181B Bare board $54.95

MBS-181K Kit $99.95

MBS-181A 447 $149.95

ACTIVE TERMINATOR - CompuPro

4 true mother's helper.

TSX-100A 447 $59.45

Prices may be slightly higher at our retail locations . Please call the store nearest you for local price and availability.

ree CP/M 3.0* !!!

S-100 CPU Boards

8086/8087 > CompuPro

16 bit. 8 or 10 MHz 8086 CPU with provisions for 8087 &

80130

CPU-70520A 8 MHz 8086 A 8 T $624.95

CPU-70520C 8 MHz 8086 CSC $764.95

CPU-70530A with 8087 AST $1224.95

CPU-70530C with 8087 CSC $1455.95

8085/8088 - CompuPro

Both 8 & 16 bit CPUs, standard 8 bit S- 100 bus. up to 8 MHz.
accesses 16 Megabytes of memory

CPU-2051 0A 6 MHz AST $396.95

CPU-20510C 6 8 MHz CSC $497.95

CPU-Z - CompuPro

2 4 MHz Z80A CPU. 24 bit addressing

CPU-30500A 2/4 MHz AST $279.95

CPU-30500C 3 6 MHz CSC $374.95

S-100 Memory Boards

256K RAMDISK - SD Systems

ExpandoRAM III expandable from 64K to 256K using 64 K x 1
RAM chips, compatible with CP/M. MP/M. Oasis.
Cromemco. S most other Z-80 based systems, functions as
ultra-high speed disk drive when used with optional

RAMDISK software

MEM-65064A 64K A 8 T $474.95

MEM-65128A 128K AST $574.95

MEM-65192A 192K AST $674.95

MEM-65256A 2S6K AST $774.95

SFC-55009000F RAMDISK sftwr CP/M 2.2 $44.95

SFC-55009000F RAMDISK with EXRAM III $24.95

128K RAM 21 - CompuPro

128K x 8 bit or 64K x 16 bit static RAM board. 12 MHz. 24 bit

Free CP/M 3.0 Offer

■

I

THREE BOARD SET - SD Systems

S-100 board set with 4 MHz Z-80A. 64K of RAM
expandable to 256K. serial and parallel I/O ports,
double-density disk controller for 5 ’/«** and 8" disk
drives, new and improved CP/M 3 0 manual set. system
monitor, control and diagnostic software Includes SD
Systems SBC-200. 64K ExpandoRAM III. Versafloppy II.
and FREE CP/M 3.0 - all boards are assembled S tested

64K Board Sat with FREE CP/M 3.0 $1195.00

256K Board Sat with FREE CP/M 3.0 $1395.00

addressing

MEM-12S10A AST
MEM-12810C CSC

$1609.95

$1794.95

S-100 I/O Boards

SBC-200 - SD Systems

4 MHz Z-80 A CPU with serial 6 parallel I/O. IK RAM. 8K
ROM space, monitor PROM included

CPC-30200A AST $329.95

THE BIG Z - Jade

2 or 4 MHz switchable Z-80 CPU board with serial I/O.
accomodates 2708. 2716. or 2732 EPROM, baud rates from

75 to 9600

CPU-30201 B Bare board w/ manual $35.00

CPU-30201 K Kit with manual $149.95

CPU-3021 0A AST with manual $199.95

CB-2 - SSM Microcomputer

2 or 4 MHz Z-80 CPU board with provision for up to 8K of
ROM or 4K of RAM on board, extended addressing. IEEE S-

100. front panel compatible

CPU-30300K Kit with manual $229.95

CPU-30300A AST with manual $274.95

2810 Z-80 CPU - C.C.S.

2 or 4 MHZ Z-80 CPU with serial I/O port 8 on-board monitor
PROM, front panel compatible

64K RAM 17 - CompuPro

64K CMOS static RAM board. 10 MHz. low power less than 4
watts. DMA compatible. 24 bit addressing

MEM-641S0A 64K A 8 T $549.95

MEM-641 60C 64K CSC $696.95

64K RAM 16 - CompuPro

32K x 16 bit or 64K x 8 bit low power static RAM board. 10
MHz. 24 bit addressing

MEM-32180A RAM 16 A 8 T $596.95

MEM-32180C RAM 16 CSC $696.95

64K STATIC RAM - SSM

IEEE 696 S-100 standard. upto6MHz'8Bit. 12MHz 16 Bit. 24
Bit extended addressing, disable-able in 2K increments

MEM-64300A AST $499.95

64K STATIC RAM - Mem Merchant

64K static S-100 RAM card. 4 to 16K banks up to 8 MHz

MEM-64400A 64K A 8 T $499.95

SYSTEM SUPPORT 1 - CompuPro

Real time clock, three 16 bit interval timers, dual interrupt
controllers! 15 levels), up to 4K EPROM/RAM. RS-232C
serial channel, provision for 951 1 A/9512 math chip

IOX-1850A SSI A 8 T $359.95

IOX-1850C SSI CSC $459.95

I0X-1855A with 951' AST $554.95

IOX-1855C with 9511 CSC $654.95

IOX-1860A with 9512 A 8 T $554.95

IOX-1660C with 9512 CSC $654.95

INTERFACER 1 - CompuPro

2 serial I/O ports 50-1 9.2 K baud

IOI-1610A AST $218.95

IOI-1810C CSC $266 95

INTERFACER 3 - CompuPro

5 or 8 channel serial I/O board for interrupt driven multi-user
systems up to 250K baud

IOI-1835A 5 port AST $556.95

IOI-1835C 5 port CSC $628.95

I0I-1836A 8 port AST $628.95

IOI-1838C 8 port CSC $749.95

CPU-30400A AST with PROM $289.95

2820 Z-80 DMA CPU - C.C.S.

4 MHz Z-80 CPU board with 2 serial I/O ports 8 Centronics
parallel I/O port, separate data 8 status ports. DMA daisy
chain compatible

CPU-30420A AST with manual $569.95

S-100 Disk Controllers

DISK 1 - CompuPro

8' or 5 y U“ DMA disk controller, single or double density.

single or double sided. 10 MHz

IOD-1810A AST $449.95

IOD-1810C CSC $554.95

SFC-52506560F 8T CP/M 2.2 for Z-80 $174.95

SFC-52506586F 8" CP/M 2 2 for 8086 $299.95

SFO-54158000F Oasis single user $499.95

SFO-54156002F Oasis multi-user $649.95

64 K STATIC RAM - Jade

Uses new 2K x 8 static RAMs, fully supports IEEE 696 24 bit
extended addressing. 200ns RAMs. lower 32K or entire
board phantomable. 2716 EPROMs may be subbed for
RAMs. any 2K segment of upper 8K may be disabled, low
power typically less than 5 OOma

MEM-991 52B Bare board $49.95

MEM-99152K Kit less RAM $99.95

MEM-321 52K 32 K kit $199.95

MEM-561 52K 56 K kit $289.95

MEM-64152K 64 K kit $299.95

Ataamblad S Taatad add $56.00

2066 64K RAM • C.C.S.

64 K RAM board with bank and block select switching
functions for Cromemeco Cromix 8 Alpha Micro.

MEM-64 566A 64K A 8 T $424.95

INTERFACER 4 - CompuPro

3 serial. 1 parallel. 1 Centronics parallel

IOI-1840A 44 7 $314.95

IOI-1840C CSC $414.95

MPX - CompuPro

Multi-user I/O multiplexer 8 interrupt controller with on-
board 8085 A -2 CPU 8 4K or 16K of RAM

IOI-1875A 4K MPX A 8 T $444.95

IOI-1 875C 4K MPX CSC $534.95

IOI-1860A 16K MPX 467 $564 95

IOI-1880C 16K MPX CSC $674.95

1/0-8 - SSM Microcomputer

Eight software programmable serial I/O ports. 110 -19. 2K
Baud, ideal for multi-user systems

IOI-1018A 44 7 $469.95

VERSAFLOPPY II - SD Systems

Double density disk controller for any combination of 5'U"
and 8" single or double sided, analog phase-locked loop
data separator, vectored interrupts. CP/M 22 8 Oasis
compatible, control /diagnostic software PROM included

IOD-1160A 4 6 T with PROM $359.95

SFC-55009047F CP/M 2 2 with VF II $99 95

2242 DISK CONTROLLER - C.C.S.

5y 4 " or 8' double density disk controller with on-board boot
loader ROM. free CP/M 2.2 8 manual set.

100-1 300A 4 4 T with CP/M 2.2 $399.95

DOUBLE D - Jade

High reliablity double density disk controller with on-board
Z-80 A. auxiliary printer port. IEEE S-100. can function in

multi-user interrupt driven bus

IOD-1200B Bare board 8 hdwr man $59.95

IOD-1200K Kit w/hdwr 8 sftwr man $299.95

IOD-1200A 4 6 7 w/hdwr 8 sftwr man $325.95

SFC-59002001F CP/M 22 with Double D $99.95

64K EXPANDORAM II - SD Systems

Expandable RAM board from 16K to 64K using 4116 RAM

chips

MEM-16630A 16K A 8 T $344.95

MEM-32631A 32K A 8 T $364.95

MEM-46632A 48K A 8 7 $364.95

MEM-64633A 64K A 8 T $399.95

MEMORY BANK - Jade

4 MHz S-100 bank selectable expandable to 64K

MEM-99730B Bare board w/manual $49.95

MEM-99730K Kit with no RAM $179.95

MEM-32731K 32 K kit $199.95

MEM-64733K 64 K kit $249.95

Ataamblad A Taatad add $50.00

16K STATIC RAM - Mem Merchant

4 MHz lo-power static RAM board. IEEE S-100. bank
selectable, addressable in 4K blocks, disable-able in IK
segments extended addressing.

MEM-16171A 16KA8T $149.95

1/0-5 - SSM Microcomputer

Two serial 8 3 parallel I/O ports. 110-19.2K Baud

IOI-1015A 447 $289.95

MPC-4 - SD Systems

Intelligent 4-port serial I/O card, on-board Z-80A. 2K RAM.
4K PROM area, on-board firmware, fully buffered, vectored
interrupts, four CTC channels, add to SD Board set for

powerful multi-user system

IOI-1504A 4 4 7 w/ software $495.00

1/0-4 - SSM Microcomputer

2 serial I/O ports plus 2 parallel I/O ports.

101-1 01 OB Bare board w/manual $35.00

IOI-IOIOK Kit with manual $179.95

IOI-IOIOA 4 6 7 with manual $249.95

2710 4 PORT SERIAL - C.C.S.

Four RS-232C serial I/O ports with full handshaking.
IOI-1060A 4 4 7 with manual $319.95

Prices may be slightly higher at our retail locations . Please call the store nearest you for local price and availability.

t> uoubie-DensityTJis

>ave $500.00 Dual 8" Disk Drive Sub-System Kit - $695.00

ri • lire*** n

Assembled & Tested - $795.

Printers on Sale ■ 5y 4 " Disk Drives ■ IBM PC Accessories

INEW EPSONS with GRAFTRAX-plus

MX-80 MX-80FT MX-100

Available only from your local Jade Retail Store

Dallas, Woodland Hills,
Santa Ana, San Diego,
Sunnyvale, Los Angeles

Call the store near you tor price or Information.

INDUSTRIAL QUALITY PRINTERS - Okidata

We Can Beat Any Price... Call Us III

Mlcrollne 82 A 90/132 column. 120 CPS. 9x9 dot matrix,
friction teed, pm feed, adiustable tractor feed (optional),
handles 4 part forms up to 9.5" wide, rear & bottom feed,
paper tear bar. 100 % duty cycle/200.000.000 character print
head, bi-directional/logic seeking, both aerial 8 parallel
Interlaces Included, front panel switch & program control of
10 different form lengths, uses inexpensive spool type
ribbons, double width A condensed characters, true lower

case descenders & graphics

PRM-43082 Friction 8 pin feed Cell

Mlcrollne 83A 132/232 column. 120 CPS. forms up to 15"
wide, removable tractor, plus all the features of the 82A
PR M- 43083 with FREE tractor Cal I

Mlcrollne 84 132/232 column. Hi-speed 200 CPS. full dot
graphics built in. plus all the features of the 83 A
PRM-43084 Centronics parallel Call

PRM-4308S Serial with 2K buffer Cell

PRA-27081 Apple card $39.95

PRA-27082 Apple cable $19.95

PRA-27087 TRS-90 cable $24.95

PRA-43081 2K hi speed serial card $99.95

PRA-43082 Hi res graphics ROMs 82A $49.95

PRA-43063 Hi graphics ROMs 83A $49.95

PRA-43086 Tractor option for 82A $49.95

PR A -43080 Extra ribbons pkg of 2 $9.95

8023 DOT MATRIX - NEC

100 CPS, proportional spacing, hi-resolution graphics,
correspondence quality printing, bi-directional tractor 8

friction feed

NEC-8023A 8023 parallel $499.95

NEC-8023-01 8023 ribbon $11.95

TP-1 LETTER QUALITY - SCM

12 CPS daisy wheel printer from Smith Corona.

PRD-45101 Centronics parallel $648.95

PRD-45102 RS-232C serial $648.95

LETTER QUALITY PRINTER - Jade

Uses standard daisy wheels and ribbon cartridges, 16 CPS
bi-directional printing, semi-automatic paper loader ( single
sheet or fan fold). 10/12/1 5 pitch, up to 16" paper, built-in

noise suppression cover.

PRD-11001 Centronics parallel $899.95

PRD-11002 RS-232C serial model $969.95

PRA-11000 Tractor Option $169.95

KSR DAISY WHEEL - Anderson-Jacobson

Letter quality communications ' terminal /printer with full
typewriter keyboard. 30 CPS Diablo print mechanism. RS-
232 interface, includes free printer stand with deluxe casters,
print wheel, ribbon, friction feed standard (tractor feed
optional), factory refurbished with 30 day warranty, shipped

freight collect.

PRD-99100 A J KSR printer $995.00

PR A -992 00 Tractor option $150.00

PRINTER PALS - F.M.J. Inc.

Desk top printer stand and continuous form paper holder
PRA-99080 for MX-80. MX -SOFT. Oki 82A. NEC $29.95

PRA-99100 for MX-100. Oki 83A & 84 $34.95

PRA-99700 for letter quality printers $49.95

Tendon TM100-1 single-sided double-density 48 TPI

MSM-551001 $219 95 ea 2 for $199.95 ••

Shugart SA400L single-sided double-density 40 track

MSM-104000 $234 95 ea 2 for $224.95 ea

Shugart SA4S5 half-size double-sided 48 TPI

MSM-104550 $349 95 ea 2 for $329.95 ea

Shugart SA465 half-size doule-sided 96 TPI

MSM-104650 $399 95 ea 2 for $379.95 ••

Tandon TM100-2 double-sided double-density 48 TPI

MSM-551002 $294 95 ea 2 for $269.95 ea

Shugart SA4S0 double-sided double-density 35 track

MSM- 104500 $349 95 ea 2 lor $329.95 ea

Tandon TM100-3 single-sided double-density 96 TPI

MSM-551003 $294 95 ea 2 for $269.95 ea

Tandon TM 100-4 double- sided double-density 96 TPI

MSM-551004 $394 95 ea 2 for $374.95 ea

MPI 8-5 1 single-sided double-density 40 track

MSM-155100 $234 95 ea 2 for $224.95 ea

MPI B-52 double-sided double-density 40 track

MSM- 155200 $344 95 ea 2 for $334.95 ••

MPI B-91 single-sided double-density 77 track

MSM-1 55300 $369 95 ea 2 for $359.95 ••

MPI B-92 double-sided double-density 77 track

MSM- 155400 $469 95 ea 2 for $459.95 ea

5'/ 4 " Cabinets with Power Supply

END-000216 Single cab wt power supply $69.95

END-000226 Dual cab m i / power supply $94.95

8" Disk Drives

Shugart SA810 halt- size single-sided double-density

MSF-108100 $424 95 ea 2 for $394.95 ea

Shugart SA860 half- size double- sided double-density

MSF- 106600 $574 95 ea 2 for $549.95 ea

Shugart SA801R single- sided double-density

MSF-10801R $394 95 ea 2 for $389.95 aa

Shugart SA851R double-sided double- density

MSF-10851R $554 95 ea 2 for $529.95 aa

Tandon TM848-1 single-sided double-den thin-line

MSF-558481 $379 95 ea 2 for $369.95 aa

Tandon TM848-2 double-sided double den thin-line

MSF-558482 $494.95 ea 2 for $484.95 aa

Quma DT-8 double-sided double-density

MSF-750060 $524 95 ea 2 lor $498.95 aa

Mitsubishi M2894-63 double-sided double-density
MSF-289463 $494 95 ea 2 tor $474.95 aa

Siemens FDD 100-8 single-sided double- density

MSF-201120 $274 95 ea 2 for $249.00 aa

Dual Disk Sub-Systems

Disk Sub-Systems - Jade

Handsome metal cabinet with proportionally balanced air
flow system, rugged dual drive power supply, power cable
kit. power switch, line cord, fuse holder, cooling tan. never -
mar rubber feet, all necessary hardware to mount 2-8" disk
drives, power supply, and fan. does not include signal cable

Dual r Sub-Assembly Cabinet

END-000420 Bare cabinet $59.95

END-000421 Cabinet kit $225.00

END-000431 A & T $359.95

8" Sub-Systems - Single Sided. Double Density
END-000423 Kit w/2 FD100-8DS $695.00

END-000424 A & T w/2 FD100-8DS $795.00

END-000433 Kit w/2 SA-801 Rs $999.95

END-000434 A 8 T w/2 SA-801RS $1195.00

8" Sub-Systems - Double Sided, Double Density

END -000426 Kit w/2 DT-8s $1224.95

END-000427 A 8 T w/2 DT-8s $1424.95

END-000436 Kit w/2 SA-851Rs $1274.95

END-000437 A 8 T w/2 SA-851RS $1474.95

Prices may be slightly higher at our retell locations. Please
contact the store In your area tor exact pricing.

CIRCLE 188 ON READER SERVICE CARD

512K PC/RAM STACK - Hammond

A high quality, high density memory expansion board for
your PC. cool-quiet- reliable operation, full parity checking,
unique stacking sockets, expandable from 256K to 512K.
M DRIVE high speed RAMdisk software only $25.00 with

256K or 51 2K board purchase

MEX-25600A 256K assembled 8 tested $795.00

MEX-51200A 5 12K assembled 8 tested $999.96

MEX-25600S MDRIVE disk emulator $25.00

256K PC/RAM - Hammond Engineering

• User expandable from 64K to 256K. same high quality
standards as the RAM Stack above, designed tor medium

memory expansion requirements.

* MEX-64000A 64K assembled 8 tested $299.95

MEX-128000A 128K assembled 8 tested $399 95

MEX-192000A 192K assembled 8 tested $499.95

MEX-2S6000A 256K assembled 8 tested $569.95

PC/SASI RAM - Hammond Engineering

Three boards in one. 256K of RAM. RS-232 asynchronous
serial interface, and a SASI (Shugart Assoc Standard
Interface) hard disk interface.

IOX-6000A PC SASI RAM $1095.00

PC EXTENDER CARD - Computel

High quality extender card with free connectors for IBM PC
bus.

TSX-300A A 8 T with connectors $42.95

WIRE WRAP BOARD - Computel

Highest quality, extremely versatile proto typing board with
gold plated card edge for IBM PC.

TSX-310A Proto board $59.95

Jade Bus Probe

THE BUS PROBE - Jade

Inexpensive S-100 Diagnostic Analyzer

So your computer is down And you don't have an
oscilloscope And you don't have a front panel... You're not
alone - most computers have their occasional bad days. But
without diagnostic equipment such as an oscilloscope
(expensive') or a front panel (expensive!), it can be very
difficult to pinpoint the problem Even it you have an
extender board with a superfast logic probe, you can't see
more than one signal at a time You're stuck, right ?

Not anymore. Jade is proud to offer our cost-effective
solution to the problems mentioned above: THE BUS

PROBE

Whether you're a hobbyist with a cantankerous kluge or a
held technician with an anxious computer owner breathing
down your neck, you'll find THE BUS PROBE speeds your
repair time remarkably Just plug in THE BUS PROBE and
you'll be able to see all the IEEE S-100 signals in action THE
BUS PROBE allows you to see inputs, outputs, memory
reads and writes, instruction fetches. DMA channels,
vectored interrupts. 8 or 16 bit wide data transfers, plus the
three bus supply voltages

An on-board pulse generator can provide repetitive resets,
interrupts, or wait states, for trouble shooting

TSX-200B Bare board $59.95

TSX-200K Kit $119.95

TSX-200A A8T $149.95

Apple lie, continued...

speaker

main memory

auxiliary slot

6502 processor

internal power-on light

power supply case —

RF modulator connector
expansion slots

GAME I/O connector

keyboard input connector

sign, the circuit boards were installed in
the cabinet of the unit at an early stage
of production. Bum-in testing took up
much manufacturing space because fin-
ished computers could be tested only in
their cabinets. If a bad unit was discov-
ered, the case could be damaged in the
handling, causing costly reworking of
the unit.

The lie, however, is just one circuit
board for most of its production life. All
parts are now insertable by machine.
Bum-in testing is done on the circuit
board in specially designed racks. Rick
Rise pointed out the edge connectors
that send signals from the testing rack
through the computers and a red LED
that is designed into the board to in-
dicate that everything is working prop-
erly. Now, just the circuit board need be

tested, in much less manufacturing
space.

Goodbye, Mr. Chips

When looking at a II Plus and lie side
by side with their tops off, it is clear that
a great deal of design energy went into
reducing the number of integrated cir-
cuits for the lie. For one thing, the de-
signers have combined the old mother-
board, separate keyboard circuit board,
and Applesoft language card into a sin-
gle motherboard. The 109 chips of the
old system are now only 31. This 3-to-l
chip reduction is accomplished in sev-
eral ways.

Solid state memory prices have
dropped dramatically, opening the way
for the inclusion of high capacity devices
in place of many more lower capacity

124

chips. For example, all of the 64-kilobyte
RAM of the lie is contained on eight 64-
kilobit dynamic RAM chips. The key-
board character set is housed in a single
32-kilobit ROM chip. For international
sale, Rick pointed out on the Swedish
Apple lie he had brought into the room,
the lie has a 64-kilobit ROM which
holds both the American English
character set and a completely separate
character set for the language of the
country in which the computer is sold.
The international user can choose which
set to use.

(The lie will be released simulta-
neously in Europe as it is here in the
U.S., one of the first such products to
perform this feat.)

But one of the biggest chip-saving
efforts went into two custom ICs de-
signed by Walt Broedner. The story be-
hind their development deserves
retelling.

Custom Effort

With a set of ideal properties for a
new Apple in mind, Walt set out to de-
sign a new Apple about two years ago.
After no small effort, Walt delivered his
designs of two chips to Synertek (a semi-
conductor manufacturer) for the pro-
duction of samples. Walt’s designs used
two 40-pin integrated circuits (like the
6502 microprocessor) instead of a single
64-pin pack, because Apple didn’t have
the experience of working with such
packages in production.

March 1983 c Creative Computing

Confidence with computers
and the way they operate is
as fundamental to a child's
education as reading, writing,
and arithmetic. Parents and
teachers can build that
confidence with well-designed
software systems from Edu-Ware.

\*jP E l»/ ,

*1 I ■ /»/.! 9

VJAMES

This imaginative collection of
four games — Convoy ,
Squadron , Skyhook , and
Puzzle — combines words and
animation to help develop
spelling and reading memory,
motor skills, eye-hand
coordination, and spatial
relationships. Gaming paddles
required, (also available in
Atari BASIC, 48k, Disk drive.)
$39.95

Packages like Counting Bee,
Spelling Bee and Reading Primer,
and the new Spelling Bee Games
create comfortable interaction
between children and the
computer, making learning
easy and fun.

«jP I lr/'

TIM ^Ml

with READING PRIMER

With graphics and sound,
these companion programs
introduce reading and spelling
to young learners by linking
words to familiar pictures.
Parents or teachers can design
a learning experience based
on a child's individual needs.
$39.95

EDU-WARE
prepares them
for their
future. >,».

Introduces young learners to
counting, addition,
subtraction, shape
discrimination, weight, and
measure. Counting Bee's
colorful animation and ease
of use will capture and hold a
child's attention. $29.95

.woffla

The Science of Learning™

CIRCLE 161 ON READER SERVICE CARD

■PI

One chip, called the Memory
Management Unit (MMU), contains the
Applesoft Basic language, 80/40-column
support, the enabling ROMs, and key-
board reading circuitry. The other, the
Input/Output Unit (IOU), acts as
controller for the CRT display, cassette
interface, and speaker. Getting properly
functioning samples can take as long as a
year. But because Walt kept both chips
at a relatively small size (110 mils on a
side, or 12,100 square mils, compared to
a typical 64K RAM chip size of more
than 30,000 square mils), and by using
similar gate design in both, Synertek
delivered two custom chips in December
1981, just 26 weeks after Walt handed
them his design.

In his development, Walt used an
emulator circuit board — the chip-filled
board he had brought into the
meeting — configured such that all he
had to do was unplug two jumper cables,
disabling 102 smaller chips he used as
initial building blocks, and plug in the
two custom chips to see if they worked.
Both sample chips worked the first time!

Compatibility

The prime concern among potential
customers, of course, is the compatibility
of Apple II software, hardware, and
firmware with the new Apple lie. And
how the hundreds of companies cur-
rently selling Apple supporting products
will respond to the new unit.

From the outset, the design of the Ap-
ple lie was built around making the new

machine as compatible as possible with
II Plus. But Apple went one step further
as well see.

Peripherals such as disk drives, mon-
itors, printers, and modems are reported
to be 100% compatible. Expansion slots

There is a single, 140-
page spiral bound
“Owner’s Guide ” that
not only gets the user
up and running, but is
one of the best
introductions to
personal computing I
have seen in a long
while.

are completely compatible, because the
same signals are at the same pin loca-
tions as on the old II Plus.

Software is largely compatible. The
only difficulties would occur in a word
processing software program, for exam-
ple, that is not written to support an 80-
column display. In that case, only the
40-column mode would be operable.

In tests of a lot of software, Apple en-
gineers discovered that some software

utilizes copy protection schemes that
look for very specific codes in memory
locations throughout the machine. This
way, if the program fails to receive the
right codes, it “thinks” it is on a non-
Apple machine thay may be trying to
copy the disk, and won't boot the disk.
On the Apple lie, those codes may not
be in the same place as in the Apple II,
so the disk would not be usable.

Another incompatibility problem will
occur in accessory cards or firmware
that play tricks on the Apple II to op-
erate. For example, some cards require
the removal of a chip from the Apple II
motherboard. On the lie, that chip may
be incorporated in another, larger chip,
making it impossible to disable its func-
tions. Also, programs written in the
monitor using entry points not recom-
mended by Apple will have problems.
Applesoft Basic programs, however, will
be compatible.

To smooth the changeover from II to
He in the software and hardware acces-
sory ends, Apple has been actively en-
gaged in notifying every vendor of
Apple-compatible products they could
unearth about impending changes in the
Apple. For more than six months, the
company has been providing cooperat-
ing companies, on a non-disclosure ba-
sis, with an Apple He for software/
hardware evaluation and development.
(The in-house name for this effort was
the Apple Seeding program, perhaps
with apologies to Johnny Appleseed.)
Those vendors who needed or wanted to

126

March 1983 c Creative Computing

PRINTS LIKE A DAISY... COSTS LIKE A MATRIX.

Integral Data Systems introduces the
only low-cost dot matrix printer on the
market that features Maisey™ printing.
Maisey printing is a technique that
allows you to produce correspondence-
quality text approaching that of more
expensive daisy-wheel printers, but at
much faster speeds.

How fast? With Microprism Printer’s™
dual speed capability, you can output
at 75cps in correspondence-quality
and llOcps in high-speed data mode.
And it also features sharp, high -density

spacing, text justification and, of course,
software compatibility with our more
expensive Prism Printer™ line.

The Microprism Printer is the
perfect system mate that can handle
all of your printing requirements . . .
it’s the best of both worlds. So if
you’ve been waiting for the price of
daisy-wheel printers to come down,
or the quality of dot matrix to go up,
now is the time to check out the
exciting new Microprism Printer from
Integral Data Systems.

graphics in an 84 x 84 dpi format.

You’ll get cleaner, crisper output
than you ever thought possible in a
single pass.

Other standard features of the
Microprism include proportional

Stop in at your local dealer today
and ask for a demonstration. If you
need the name of the dealer nearest
you, call us toll-free at (800)258-1386.
L Or write Integral Data Systems,

» Milford. NH 03055.

MICROPRISM

Integral Data Systems, Inc.

Mkroprism Printer. Prism Printer and Maisey
are regi s tered trademarks of Integral Data Systems.

Milford NH

CIRCLE 185 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Apple lie, continued...

Recommended Slots

Pascal Operating

Peripheral Card

DOS

System

Apple lie 80-Column Text Cards

AUX CONN

AUX CONN

First disk controller

slots 1 -7*

slot 6

drive 1 cable

opening 1

opening 1

drive 2 cable

opening 2

opening 2

Second disk controller

slots 1-7*

slot 5

drive 3 cable

opening 3

opening 3

drive 4 cable

opening 4

opening 4

Silentype interface

slots 1 -7*

slot 1

printer cable

opening 6 or 9

opening 9

Parallel interface

slots 1-7*

slot 1

printer cable

opening 7, 10, 11 or 12

opening 12

Super Serial interface

for printer

slots 1-7*

slot 1

printer cable

opening 7, 10, 11 or 12

opening 12

for terminal

slots 1-7*

slot 3**

terminal cable

openings 10, 11 or 12

opening 7

for communications

slots 1-7*

slot 2

cable to modem, etc.

openings 10

opening 10

Graphics Tablet

slot 5

(does not work with this Op Sys)

interface

opening 5

‘Do not use slot 3 if there is a card installed in the AUX CONNECTOR slot.

**lf you connect a terminal using slot 3 under the Pascal Op Sys, make sure there is no card in the AUX CONNECTOR slot.

make changes have had time to make
those changes and have software ready
in time for the introduction of the
machine.

Apple claims that most vendors wel-
comed the advance information. The
companies were apparently pleased to
learn that, although the lie necessitated
some changes or additional software
offerings, their products would continue
to enjoy a growing market with the new
machine.

Apple itself will have two redesigned
programs from its own software library
to be introduced with the lie. Apple
Writer will support the 80-column dis-
play (when installed), as will a fast-
sorting electronic database management
program I saw, called Quick File. Both
programs will also make use of the
128K, expanded RAM in systems so
equipped (the 6502A, of course, can ad-
dress only 64K RAM directly — the bal-
ance will be under software direction).

One Manual For All

Documentation supplied with the Ap-
ple lie deserves special note. Gone, but
available as options, are the “techy”
Applesoft reference and DOS manuals

that have overwhelmed many a com-
puter novice. Instead, there is a single,
140-page spiral bound “Owner’s Guide”
that not only gets the user up and run-
ning, but is one of the best introductions
to personal computing I have seen in a
long while.

Chapter One goes through the initial
set up of the system. The next chapter is
a guided tour of the system and instruc-
tions on loading a tutorial disk, called
“Apple Presents Apple,” supplied with
the manual. Chapter Three presents an
uncomplicated and cleverly illustrated
explanation of how the Apple and disks
work. Then a chapter devoted to DOS
3.3 (in which you learn that DOS and
Basic require the CAPS LOCK key to be
engaged), plus its most important com-
mands and error messages.

Chapter Five discusses all the things
you can do with your Apple from an
application point of view (electronic
work sheets, word processors, database
management, telecommunications,
graphics) along with suggested software
and peripherals — some even from out-
side suppliers. There is no Basic lan-
guage instruction here, but the manual
discusses several languages to pursue on

128

your own with the help of other Apple
manuals or software. Featured are
Applesoft and Integer Basics, Pascal,
Fortran, Logo, Pilot, and 6502 Assem-
bly Language.

The balance of the manual covers
other peripherals, troubleshooting tips
(there is a limited self-test built into the
lie), books and magazines worth reading
(of course Creative Computing is listed!),
glossary, and index.

The last point in our discussion — and
one in which I was particularly in-
terested, having seen all this simplified
power set up before me — was pricing.

Paul Dali returned to field this sub-
ject. Final pricing was not completed,
but the cost of a basic 64K, 40-column
Apple was planned to fall between
$1300-1400, or roughly the cost of the
48K Apple II Plus. The best bargains,
Paul was quick to note, will be in pack-
aged systems, just as they were for the
Apple II. System packages featuring the
old II Plus computer, one disk drive, a
monochrome monitor and a software
package or two for around $2000 repre-
sented good consumer values. Such
packages will exist for the lie, with sev-
eral “soft solutions” available by the end

March 1983 c Creative Computing

The BASIC Conversions
Handbook for Apple™,

TRS-80™, and PET™ Users

(Brain Bank) A complete guide to con-
verting Apple II and PET programs to
TRS-80. TRS-80 and PET programs to
Apple II. and TRS-80 and Apple II
programs to PET Equivalent com-
mands listed for TRS-80 BASIC
(Model I. Level II). Applesoft BASIC,
and PET BASIC, as well as variations
for the TRS-80 Model III and Apple
Integer BASIC. Also describes varia-
tions in graphics capabilities. PEEK.
POKE, and CALL statements, and
much more. #5534, $8.95

Programs for Beginners on the
TRS-80™

(Blechman) Learn step-by-step how 21
sample programs work. Program tech-
niques are described line by line
within the programs, and a unique
Matri-Dex™ matrix index will enable
you to locate other programs using the
same BASIC commands and state-
ments. Each includes a detailed
description, a complete listing, an ex-
planation of what the program does,
and instructions for modification.
#5182, $9.95

Available on TRS-80 tape (Models I
and HI. 16K), #10003. $10.95

BASIC Computer Programs
for the Home

(Sternberg) “This is one of the very
tidiest books of its type, a model of
how such books should be laid out."
Creative Computing. Contains over 75
practical home application programs
helpful to the novice or experienced
owner in increasing the usefulness of
any home computer. Each program is
documented with a description of its
functions and operation, a listing in
BASIC, a symbol table, sample data,
and one or more samples.

#5154. $11.95

Available on Apple II disk. #10509,
$24.95

Apple and Applesoft are regisl'rad trademark* of Apple Computer Co.. Inc.. TRS-80 is a registered trademark of
Radio Shark. Inc . a division of Tandy Corp.; PET is a registered trademark of Commodore Business Machines.
Inc.; Atari is a registered trademark of Atari. Inc.; none is affiliated with Hayden Book Company. Inc.

New! BASIC Computer Programs
for Business, Vol. 2

(Sternberg) Provides an invaluable
variety of application programs that
make your microcomputer pay for itself
as soon as it enters your office. Over
70 programs for use on a daily basis in
the critical aspects of a business opera-
tion. Each can be easily modified to
meet your firm’s specific needs.

#5178, $13.95

BASIC Computer Programs for
Business, Vol. 1

(Sternberg) "... a gem of programming
design and documentation, and there-
fore well worth the money." Library
Journal. Each program is documented
with a description of its functions and
operation, a listing in BASIC, a symbol
table, sample data, and one or more
samples. #5162, $12.50

Stimulating Simulations, 2nd Ed.

(Engel) An exciting handbook contain-
ing 12 "simulation" programs which
are actually game programs. Clearly
written in BASIC format compatible
with all microcomputers, all original
and well documented. Each program
is presented with a listing, sample run,
instructions, and program documenta-
tion. including flow-chart and ideas
for variations. #5170. $6.50
Atari™ Version, request #5197

Library of PET™ Subroutines

(Hampshire) Officially approved by
Commodore for use with the PET.

This book will save the software
designer considerable time in writing
applications programs. Provides 53
proven subroutines as well as a logi-
cal framework to build new programs.
Each is supported with complete infor-
mation describing its purpose and
problems that may arise in its imple-
mentation. Most subroutines written
in PET BASIC but machine-language
programs are also presented for par-
ticular applications. #1050, $16.50
Available on PET disk. #11720, $25.00

PET™ Graphics

(Hampshire) Officially approved by
Commodore for use with the PET.
Instructs the PET user on how to pro-
gram graphic displays. Contains a col
lection of BASIC and machine-
language subroutines that enable the
PET owner to write more efficient pro-
grams. Provides a wide range of nor
mally unavailable graphic functions.
#1051, $18.75
Available on PET disk. #11620, $25.00

BASIC Computer Programs in
Science and Engineering

(Gilder) 114 ready-to-run programs in
BASIC for the hobbyist and engineer.
All have been tested and are fairly
universal #0761, $11.95

Available at your local computer store or

Order by Phone

J3— 1 - 800 - 631-0856

operator CC 33

In N| call 201-843-0550. ext. 382

Mail to:

Hayden Book Company, Inc.

Dept. CC 33
50 Essex Street
Rochelle Park. NJ 07662

Please send me the item(s) listed below by
code number. If I am not completely satisfied.
I may return the BOOK(S) ONLY undamaged
within 10 days for a complete refund. (SOFT-
WARE IS NOT RETURNABLE)

Residents of N) and CA must add sales tax.
□ Enclosed is my Check or money order.

Bill my □ Visa □ MasterCard Exp

State/Zip

Visa/MasterCard •

Signature

CIRCLE 174 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Apple lie, continued...

of 1983 depending on the markets the
company is pursuing.

Impressions

That the new model sports the same
case design and color as the veteran II
Plus was no disappointment. Even after
all these years, it is still a pleasing shape
which I am not tired of seeing. And
while a detachable keyboard would be a
nicety, I fully understand maintaining a
form factor that has such ready recog-
nition with the Apple name.

The degree to which care had been ap-
plied to making the lie as compatible as
possible with its forerunner was a happy
surprise. A company with the apparent
marketing muscle of Apple could have
tried to “brute force” its way into creat-
ing some new personal computer stan-
dard that would have been much less
compatible.

A consumer benefit coming from the
redesign of the motherboard is not the
increased reliability coming from two-
thirds fewer chips, but ability to assess
all chips with the top off. This will speed
service turnaround if one circuit should
go bad.

The reduction in chip count also light-
ens the load of a power supply. The
eight 64K dynamic RAMs in the lie dis-
sipate less power than all the 16K

RAMS in the II. In fact, in an early
stage of design, the power supply (at first
it will be the same as in the 11 Plus) was
“looking” at a circuit that wasn’t meet-
ing even the minimum load require-
ments for a properly functioning II Plus.
The supply had to be artificially loaded
by converting some of the excess capac-
ity to +5 volts available to peripheral
cards. The net result is about one extra
ampere of current available for the seven
slots to share. Moreover, the 6502A,
running at less than optimum speed,
does so, only cooler. All this leads to a
cooler running computer, likely to be
even more reliable than the II.

Apple has been testing working mod-
els for about a year. Reliability studies,
Walt Broedner claims, have shown the
lie to be more reliable than the II. The
units have survived operation in tem-
peratures below 0° Celcius and over 90°
Celcius.

The biggest disappointment came at
the discussion of price, especially after
hearing how efficiently the unit could be
manufactured and tested. I didn’t expect
the lie to wallow around in the under-
$300 mud with the popular home
computers, but I did expect, or hope to
see the lie come in at around $700-800,
even for just 48K RAM. So the
standalone price of $1300-1400 for a

64K unit seemed terribly high to me.

That’s the benefit of making a com-
puter with over 10,000 applications on
the shelf. Serious computer shoppers are
looking for solutions. If the software
solution exists, and it happens to run
only on an Apple, then Apple it will be,
even if it is more expensive than other,
comparably equipped machines.

The advance planning with outside
software and hardware vendors was
equally encouraging. The company ap-
pears to want everything 100% right be-
fore it unleashes its new offspring. That
Apple was ramping up production and
had a finished, printed Owner’s Manual
more than two months prior to formal
announcement augurs well for a con-
sumer-painless introduction of a product
that will be in high demand and ex-
pected to work the first time.

Strip away the price factor, and you
are left with a near perfect computer
with enough power to take most per-
sonal computer users up to moderately
sophisticated applications. The lie is
everything the Apple II Plus should
have been a year or two ago, when it
underwent development. Emerging,
therefore, as it does in these turbulent
times in the industry, the Apple lie is a
remarkably evolutionary personal
computer. □

10 selectable modes of play, including
Easy , Competition , High Speed, and Cosmic.

40 user-adjustable parameters: create and
save your own custom games.

an instruction card, a hi-score disk label, and
a 16-page manual explaining all of the
variations available.

all for only $29.95 (for the Apple, $34.95)

wLOGIC

713 Edgebrook Drive

See your dealer . . .

Champaign, IL 61820

(217) 359-8482

Telex. 206995

WE WILL NOT BE UNDERSOLD

Zenith ZT-1
Zenith ZT- 100
Tetevideo 910+
Televideo 925
Televideo 950

TERMINALS

$679.00

$595.00

$595.00

$779.00

$969.00

RAM

16K Ram Kit for Apple N, TRS80

200 nano seconds; 41 16 chips

$17.50

DISKETTES

Maxell 5V4 n single side

$39.00

Maxell 8" single side

$49.00

Maxell 5 Vi" double side

$45.00

Maxell 8" double side

$55.00

BASF 5Y»"

$26.95

BASF 8"

$36.00

Verbatim 5V»"

$26.95

Verbatim 8"

$36.00

5V. File Box

$19.95

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Novation Cat Modem

$139.00

Novation D-CAT

$155.00

Novation AUTO-CAT

$209.00

Novation APPLE CAT

$319.00

Hayes Smart Modem

$249.00

Hayes Smart Modem 1200

$589 00

Hayes Micro- Modem

$319.00

Hayes Chronograph

$229 00

Signalman Mark 1

$85.00

COMPUTERS

Sanyo MBC 100 64K

CALL

Call for information on the complete Sanyo line.

Sanyo MBC 1200

CALL

Sanyo MBC 2000

CALL

Sanyo MBC 3000

CALL

Sanyo MBC 4000

CALL

Franklin Ace 1000

CALL

ZENITH

Z-89 48K

CALL

Z-90 64K

CALL

Z-100

CALL

Call for prices on the complete Zenith line

SOFTWARE

MICROPRO*

WordStar

$379.00

MailMerge

$195.00

Customization Notes

$359 00

Spell Star

$195.00

DataStar

$259.00

CalcStar

$119.00

MICROSOFT

Basic Interpreter

$349.00

Basic Compiler

$389 00

Fortran 80

$499 00

Cobol 80

$695.00

DATA BASE

dBase II

$495.00

The CPU Computer Corporation
Announces:

CPU net

The Local Area Network that uses
real CP/M " for Apples CPUnet M
allows you to run hundreds of
popular CP/M “ programs, on your
Apple terminals, without disk drives!
Call for more information.

$ 2995.00

APPLE ACCESSORIES

16K Card by Microsoft

$79.00

32K Card by Saturn

$199.00

64K Card by Saturn

$419.00

128K Card by Saturn

$585.00

Softcard Plus by Microsoft

CALL

Keyboard Enhancer II by Videx

$125.00

Videoterm by Videx

$259.00

Game Paddles by TG

$49.00

Joystick by TG

$49.00

Pkaso Cards

CALL

ALF 3 Voice Board

$229.00

System Saver by Kensington

$75.00

Microbuffer II 16K w/graphics

$259.00

Microbuffer II 32K w/graphics

$229.00

APPLE INTERFACE CARDS BY CCS

Serial Asynch #7710

$139.00

Centronics #7729

$149.00

ADVANCED LOGIC

Add-Ram 16KCard

$79.00

Z-Card CP/M for the Apple II

$225.00

Smarterm 80 Column Board w/ Softswitch

$249.00

APPLE SOFTWARE

MICROPRO"

WordStar

$379.00

MailMerge

$190.00

SpellStar

$190 00

DataStar

$25900

CalcStar

$115.00

VISICORP

VisiCalc

$199.00

VisiTerm

$79.00

VisiDex

$199.00

VisiPtot

$169.00

VisiFile

$199.00

Visi Schedule

$259.00

VisiTrend/Plot

$239.00

MISCELLANEOUS

Mtcro/Terminal

$79.00

Screenwriter II

$129.00

Executive Briefing System

$169 00

Supercalc

$279.00

Personal Filing System

$115.00

PFS Report Writer

$75.00

Word Handler

$169.00

PFS Graph

$99 00

Multiplan by Microsoft

$229.00

PRINTERS

NEC 7710 Serial

$2395.00

NEC 7720 KSR

$2749.00

NEC 7730 Parallel

$2395.00

NEC 3510 Serial

$1850.00

NEC 3520

$2099.00

NEC 3530 Parallel

$1850.00

NEC 3550 for the IBM PC

$2095.00

Antex Generic Model of the Prownter

$479.00

Epson MX 80

CALL

Epson MX-80FT

CALL

Epson MX-100

CALL

IDS Micro Prism

CALL

IDS PRISM 80

CALL

IDS PRISM 132

CALL

Okidata Microline 80

CALL

Okidata Microline 82A

CALL

Okidata Microline 83A

CALL

Okidata Microline 84

CALL

SPECIAL OF THE MONTH

RANA ELITE THREE

80 TRACK,

DOUBLE SIDE DRIVE

$ CALLS

MONITORS

Sanyo 9" B&W

$159.00

Sanyo 9" Green

$165.00

Sanyo 12” B&W

$179.00

Sanyo 12" Green

$199.00

Sanyo 13" Color

$399.00

SMD 13" Color

$329.00

Zenith 12" Green

$99.00

Zenith 13" Color

$339.00

Electrohome 13" HI RES Color Monitor

$829.00

Electrohome 13" Color

$379.00

Electrohome 12" B&W

$179.00

Electrohome 12" Green

$109.00

Electrohome 9" B&W

$149.00

Electrohome 9" Green

$159.00

DISK DRIVES

CC1 100 for the TRS-80 Model 1

5V»" 40 track

$299.00

CC1 1 89 for the Zenith Z 89 5Vi" 40 track

$379.00

CORVUS 5M with Mirror

$2895.00

CORVUS 1 0M with Mirror

$4195.00

CORVUS 20M with Mirror

$4895.00

CORVUS Interfaces

CALL

RANA SYSTEMS add-on Disc Drive for the Apple II

Elite One 40 Track

CALL

Elite Two 80 Track

CALL

Elite Three

CALL

Elite Controller

CALL

IBM PC ACCESSORIES

64K Card by Microsoft

$299.00

128K Card

$469.00

192K Card

$599.00

256K Card

$789 00

Quaddram

CALL

Joystick by TG

$49.00

Combo Card by Apparat

$249.00

Tandon TM 100-2 for the IBM

CALL

Call for more IBM PC add-ons

IBM PC SOFTWARE

INFORMATION UNLIMITED

Easy Writer

$289.00

Easy Speller

$149.00

Easy Filer

$319.00

VISICORP

VisiCalc 256K

$199.00

VMF9*

$219.00

Visi Trend/ Visi Plot

$259 00

VisiDex

$209 00

VisiTerm

$99 00

MICROPRO'-

MailMerge

$195.00

WordStar

$379 00

MISCELLANEOUS

Supercalc by Sorcim

$279.00

Superwriter by Sorcim

$289.00

Home Accounting Plus

$139.00

ENTERTAINMENT

Deadline

$39 00

Temple of Apshai

$29.00

Curse of Ra

$15.99

Can For More IBM Software And Accessories

CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research

TO ORDER CALL TOLL FREE

1-800-343-6522

For fast delivery, send certified checks, money orders, or

call to arrange direct bank wire transfers Personal or com-

pany checks require one to three weeks to clear All prices

are mall ordar only and are subiect to change without

notice. Call for shipping charges.

The CPU Shop

DEALER INQUIRIES PLEASE CALL 1 -800-343-7036 *

420-438 Rutherford Ave., Dept CR15 . Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129

Hours 9 AM - 9 PM (EST) Mon.-Fri. (Sat. till 6) TWX- 710-348-1 796 Massachusetts Residents call 61 7/242-3361

Technical information call 617/242-3361 Massachusetts Residents add 5% Sales Tax

CIRCLE 151 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Color Computer Disk Drive

creative

computing

equipment

evaluation

Getting Serious
With The
Color Computer

The TRS-80 Color Computer has
been a part of my life for over a year. I
started a project to write a book, and af-
ter spending a few long hours in front of
the typewriter, 1 realized a word proces-
sor for my computer would be nice.

One of the necessary accessories
would be a disk drive. Cassette program
files have their place, but for a project as
large as text files, a disk system is
indispensable.

The current choice is between Radio
Shack's disk system and the Exatron
disk operating system. I chose the Radio
Shack system for two reasons: it should

I felt only slightly
handicapped by having
to relinquish 2K for the
disk buffer.

be compatible with future Tandy soft-
ware releases, and the DOS is in ROM.

Tandy has provided an excellent
operating system for the Basic pro-
grammer who doesn't want to learn to
use a disk operating system. The 35-

John Steiner

track double density system is com-
pletely transparent to the programmer.
No "system” or special DOS handling is
required to operate the system. Even

though I am a novice programmer, I was
able, using the Disk System manual, to
write and use a Basic word processor.

Another advantage of the ROM-based
DOS is that no space is taken either on
the disk or in RAM for DOS. The only
disk space not available for user files is
track 17, the disk directory. Only 2K of
overhead is required for disk buffers,

John Steiner, 508 4th Avenue N.W., Riverside, ND
58078.

132

March 1983 c Creative Computing

SOFTWARE

Applied Software Technology

Versaform $291.75

Art-Sci./Softape
Magic Window
Basic Mailer
Magic Spell
Avant Garde
Hi-Res Golf
Hi- Res Secrets
Zero-Gravity Pinball
Sentence Diagramming
Broderbund
Galactic Empire
Apple Panic
Payroll

General Ledger
Budgeco
Raster Blaster
California Pacific
Budge's 3D Graphics
Continental Software
General Ledger
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Payable
Payroll

Property Management
Home Accountant
Guardian
First Class Mail
Dakin 5
Rings of Saturn
Depreciation Planner
Budget Planner
Bus. Bookkeeping Sys.

Datamost
Thief

Snack -Attack
Tax Beater

Real Estate AnaL Program
Edu-Ware

Algebra I $29.95

Compu-Math: Arithmetic 37.50
Compu-Math: Fractions 29.95
Compu-Math: Decimals
Spelling Bee
Perception (3.0)

Algebra II
Howard Software
Creative Financing
Real Estate Analyzer
Tax Preparer
Innovative Design
Pool 1.5
Shuffleboard
Trick Shot
IUS

Easy Writer
Easy Mailer
Date Dex

L&S Computerware
Crossword Magic
LJ.K. Enterprises
Latter Perfect
Data Perfect
Mesa Research
Investment Decisions
Micro Lab
Dog Fight

The Learning System
The Invoice Factory
Tax Manager
Asset Manager
Vislfactory
Visiblend
Roach Hotel
Data Factory (5.0)

Muse

Super-Text 40/80
Form Letter Module
Castle Wolfenstein
Three Mile Island
ABM
Data Plot
Elementary Math

$74.95

52.49

52.49

$22.50

94.95

22.50
18.75

$18.75

22.50

296.25

371.25

$22.50

$29.95

$188.75

188.75

188.75

188.75

371.25

56.50

22.50

56.50

$29.95

295.00

111.50

295.00

$22.50

22.50

97.50
97.50

29.95

29.95

18.75

29.95

$146.75

146.75

112.50

$24.95

22.50

29.95

$75.00

52.50
112.50

$37.95

$112.50

75.00

$75.00

$22.50

112.50

150.00

112.50

1 50.00

56.95

37.50

24.95

225.00

co <

< 08 °

txh

LU o u

Sil

FREE!

DISK DRIVE

FRANKLIN

"ACE1000

Apple II compatible
64K of RAM
Upper and lower case
Typewriter-style keyboard
12-key numeric pad
Alpha lock key
VisiCalc keys
50-watt power supply
Built-in fan

On-Line Systems
Hi Res #1: Mystery
House

Hi Res #2: Wizard and
Princess

Hi Res #3: Cranston
Manor

Hi Res #4: Ulysses

Hi Res Football
Screen Writer II
Hi Res Soccer
The General Manager
Time Zone
Memory Management
System

The Dictionary
Frogger

Screen Writer Pro
Silicon Valley
Word Handler
List Handler
Appointment Handler
Sirius Software
E-Z Draw (3.3)

Space Eggs
Gamma Goblins
Gorgon
Sneakers
Beer Run

Computer Football
Fly Wars

Penguin Software

Complete Graphics II
3D Drawing System
100 Color Drawing
System

Special Effects
The Graphics Magician
Additional Fonts & Sets
Magic Paintbrush
Complete Graphics
(TABLET VER.)

Special Effects (TABLET
VER.)

Personal Business Systems

Executive Secretary $188.00
Tha Executive Speller 60.00
Piccadilliy Software
Warp Destroyer
Star Blaster

Profesional Software T ech

Executive Briefing
System $150.00

$18.75

24.95

29.95
29.95

29.95

97.50

22.95
112.50

75.00

37.50
75.00

24.95
150.00

$188.00

60.00

29.95

$37.50

22.50

22.50

29.95
22.50
22.50

22.95

22.95

$60.00

24.95

24.95

29.95

45.00

15.00

22.95

90.00

60.00

$22.95

22.95

PACKAGE PRICE

• ACE 1000

• DISK DRIVE

• CONTROLLER CARD

$1690

$1595

N/C

95

Sir-T «ch

Wizardry $37.50

Software Publishing Corp.

PFS

$93.95

PFS REPORT

60.00

PFS Graph

93.95

Southwestern Data

Apple Doc

$37.50

The Correspondent

45.00

Apple II Utility Pack

14.95

ASCII Express

60.00

On-Line Dial Up

75.00

Norad

29.95

Stoneware

D. B. Master

$175.00

Strategic Simulations

Computer Bismark

$45.00

Warp Factor

29.95

Computer Baseball

29.95

Synergistic Software

Program Line Editor

$29.95

The Data Reporter

165.95

The Directory Manager

22.95

Planetary Guide

22.95

Game Animation Package 37.50

Global Program Lina

Editor

45.00

USA Software

Supercram

$135.00

Request

169.95

3D Supergraphics

29.95

Micro Pro

Wordstar

$250.00

Spellstar

125.00

Mailmerge

78.95

Datastar

175.00

Supersort

125.00

Calcstar

1 75.00

DISK DRIVES

Franklin

$549.00

M-SCI A 2

400.00

M-SCI A -40

395.00

M-SCI A-70

535.00

Controller Card

99.00

PRINTERS

Okidata

80

$375.00

82 A

560.00

84P

1 ,195.00

84S

1 ,295.00

Byt ©writer

T ranstar

$995.00

Daisywheel

$1,395.00

MONITORS

BMC

12" green phos.
Amdek

$99.00

12" B & W

$135.00

12" green phos.

175.00

ACCESSORIES

Microtek

16K RAM BD

$110.00

Para, inter
Videx

100.00

Video term

$295.00

Enhance II

Orange

125.00

Grappler plus
ALS

$145.00

Z Card

$245.00

CIRCLE 272 ON READER SERVICE CARD

THE INCREDIBLE

JACK

Process words with ease.

For starters, JACK allows 1, 2 or 3 column on-screen
editing - try that with another word processor. With
JACK, what you see is what you get. There are no
hidden formatting directives to confuse you. JACK lets
you insert, delete, copy, set tabs and margins, do fill and
right justification. All commands are menu driven so you
always know what comes next. For serious word pro-
cessing you will want an 80-column card (we
recommend Videx) and a shift key wire mod - but JACK
works with a 40 column screen, too.

a single fully
integrated program

[7] word processing
\ 7 \ calc analysis
0 file management

* 1292 °

How good can a
$129 package be?

JACK is a single proaram that performs word processing,
calc analysis, and file management in a fully integrated
easy to use environment. JACK competes with integrated
packages selling for $495, $695, and ‘under a $1000”.
Why did we price JACK at $129? Because we believe
that everyone needs integrated software and we think
we can sell ten copies of JACK to our competition s one.

Free form calc analysis.

JACK lets you embed calculated values right in the
middle of your text. Calculation rules are spelled out in
English using names of fields you create (like INVEN-
TORY or PROFIT). Full IF THEN ELSE logic, +-V,
exponentiation, string matches, greater than, less than,
AND, OR, and NOT operations let you specify very
complex calculations. JACK allows up to 100 calculation
rules. If you are doing large spreadsheet work, use a
spreadsheet program (we recommend our Senior
Analyst Package available exclusively from Apple
Computer of course). But for the rest of your calc
analysis, you’ll find JACK a pleasure to use.

Manage files your way.

JACK supports 60 files on an Apple II floppy disk. A
maximum of 1000 records can be stored in these files.
Each record can have up to 100 fields ranging in size
from 1 character to 1000 characters. JACK lets you sort
and select these records by any arithmetic combination
of fields. Best of all, you can use the word processing
features of JACK to create and modify your file defini-
tions and the calc rules to automatically calculate values.

Which way is up?

Since JACK provides all these features in a single
program, you need no longer worry about where the up
arrow key has gone when you switch from calc to word
processing. Screen handling, backspacing, and file
naming don’t change with each new application. You
need not bother about data interchange formats, file
structuring techniques or the other nonsense that you
have to go through to transfer information from one
package to another. You also don’t have to worry about
whether your new word processor wants an 80 column
card that your old calc package can't stand. In a single
simple environment, JACK does it all.

available from these dealers... or call...

The Software Spot. CA 213-477-7561
Computer Post of Newark. CA 4 15- 790-04 10
Silicon Station. CA 415-828-0960
Shoreline Software. CA 415-459-5800
Energy Alternatives. CA 916-345-1722

Third Wave Products. CO 303-694-3428
Computers Etc . CO 303-779-5256

Computertand. FL 904-731-2471
Byte Shop. FL 305-486-2983

Business Computers. NE 402-895-2440

World of Computers. NY 914-937-6662
Berliner Computer. NY 516-775-4700
Computer Factory. NY 212-687-5000

Computer Center. OK 405-233-3883

HAL Electronics. PA 215-245-0554

S-C Software Corp . TX 214-324-2050
Computer Solutions. TX 512-341-8851
Computer Center. TX 512-327-5864
Computer Patch. TX 915-362-0681

North Shore Computers. Wl 414-963-9700

business) (800) 645-4513

SQlutionsj (516-269-1120) in N Y.

requires Apple II with 64K
memory and 2 disk drives

CIRCLE 1 19 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Color Computer Disk, continued...

and this can be reduced using the FILES
command.

As a result, you can have a disk
operating system on a machine with only
16K of memory. Before upgrading my
machine to 32K, I felt only slightly
handicapped by having to relinquish the
2K for the disk buffer.

Disk user file capacity is 156,672
bytes, and a maximum of 68 files can re-
side on a single side, of a soft-sectored
5 1/4" disk. The files are catalogued in
TRSDOS fashion, with an 8-byte file
name and 3-byte extension.

The drive 0 package includes a single
drive unit, a ROM disk controller pack,
drive connecting cable, and an
instruction/programming manual. An-
other drive can be added to the system if
required, and an optional four-drive ca-
ble allows interfacing of up to four drive
units. One requirement of the disk sys-
tem is that your Color Computer have
Extended Color Basic.

A single drive unit has been in opera-
tion on my Color Computer for about
six months, and has operated almost
flawlessly. The only problem I have
noted concerns television interference.
There is a notice included with the unit
that warns of television interference
when you are using the drive on an early
model computer. My computer, serial
number 337, certainly qualifies. I was,
therefore, not surprised to notice inter-
ference on my home television when I
used the drive. I have not noticed any
interference on my monitor. Tandy of-
fers to modify any computer that re-
quires correction of the problem. I have
never felt it was severe enough to have
corrected. Besides, I couldn't bear to be
without the computer for the few days
that the modification would take.

Since the drive unit has gone out of
warranty, I have had only a couple of
minor problems. Occasionally the DOS
would not initialize properly, and either
the computer would be locked up or Ba-
sic would work but disk Basic com-
mands would only bring a response of
?SN ERROR. I traced the trouble to
dirty contacts on the ROM pack where
it plugs into the Color Computer, and
used a pencil eraser to clean the
contacts.

The only other problem I have had
occurred when the drive unit would re-
spond only with I/O errors. I tried
load, save, and dir, and all gave the
same error message. Since the unit was
out of warranty, and since I have had
some experience with electronics, I used
a phillips screwdriver to remove the
drive from its case.

The problem turned out to be quite
simple. The drive belt had simply
slipped off the flywheel. After reinstall-
ing the belt, the drive again performed

March 1983 c Creative Computing

flawlessly. I don't know why it slipped
off, and it hasn't happened again in
nearly two months.

First, The Bad News

As you can probably tell, I have no
real complaints with the drive, however
as with all equipment, there are a few
things that I dislike. Included in this list
are the following. Utilities seem to lack
sophistication. As an example, BACK-
UP requires a formatted disk, unlike
Model I and III TRSDOS which for-
mats during the backup process. BACK-
UP also copies all bytes on a disk,
whether it contains only one small file or
a full disk. For disks with little informa-
tion on them it is easier to load and
resave those files.

COPY will transfer files from one disk
to another, but it requires at least two

It provides many
features and capa-
bilities that are unheard
of on systems that cost
twice as much.

drives. File access protection routines
are lacking. There is no lock or pass-
word protection capacity. The only file
protection is the write-protect tab.

Another feature I would like is
autostart, or DO files. There is no way
to provide a turnkey system as the drive
is now equipped. Though variables can-
not be transferred from one program to
another easily, it is possible to load and
run a program from inside another pro-
gram. My last gripe is the lack of an on
error GOTO statement.

The Good News

There, I got all my gripes off my
chest; now for some good news. First,
the cost. Though the $599 price on the
disk system itself seems high and is com-
parable to prices for other disk systems
(e.g.. Atari, Apple), total system price is
very competitive. A TRS-80 Color Com-
puter disk system with 32K, and a single
drive can be purchased for under $1200
from many suppliers. Compare that to
Atari and Apple with the same capacity.

The user manual is written to the
same high standards as the two Basic
programming manuals. Even though I
was completely unfamiliar with file han-
dling on a disk system, I was able to
learn as the manual took me step-by-step
through sequential and direct access
files. I found, to my surprise, that my
cassette file programs were transferred
to disk with little problem.

135

Listed below are two file command
lines, the upper line creates a text file on
cassette; the lower line does the same on
disk.

1000 OPEN " I " , #- 1 ,

"MAI LL 1ST"

1000 OPEN ” I ” , #1 ,
"MAILLIST"

As you can see, the only difference is
in the buffer number. This buffer num-
ber specifies which file is to be used. To
transfer cassette file programs to a
sequential disk file, use the line editor to
remove the minus signs in the disk state-
ments. Up to 15 disk buffers can be open
at the same time. These details are best
left to the disk manual.

Another handy command you can use
is POKE &HFF40,0. With this com-
mand, you can turn off the drive motor.
Normally this is not required, as DOS
does this for you. I wrote a simple pro-
gram to transfer disk files to tape for
tape backup purposes. One problem with
it was that the drive continued to run
during the tape write procedure. This is
because opening a tape file causes pro-
gram control to leave DOS and enter the
cassette file write routine. DOS doesn't
get a chance to shut off the drive. Never
use this command while a file is still
open. In other words, the command
must be preceded by a CLOSE command.

The manual includes several sample
programs that can be used. The list in-
cludes a membership file, checkbook and
budget programs among others.

A service manual is available for those
hobbyists who are technically oriented.
There is a wealth of practical material
on preventive maintenance, as well as
service and repair information. Mainte-
nance is straightforward; however you
run the risk of voiding the warranty
should you open the drive unit during
the warranty period.

For example, drive speed adjustment
is easy. My drive has strobe bars on the
flywheel. To adjust for proper speed, in-
sert a disk and use dir to start the motor
turning. Use a small insulated handle
screwdriver to adjust the motor speed
control while viewing the strobe bars un-
der a fluorescent light. When the row of
bars marked 60 Hz looks stationary, the
drive is adjusted properly.

When I compare the Color Computer
with other home computer systems, I
am impressed with the TRS-80
cost/feature ratio. It provides many fea-
tures and capabilities that are unheard of
on systems that cost twice as much. The
Color Computer, coupled with the disk
system is sure to make large inroads in
the home computer market. I have
found over the last year that the system
is vastly underrated, and has far greater
capacity than most people give it credit
for. □

The Data Factory

Foolproof, Flexible Detebeee
Menegement

My search for a database management
system (DBMS) began about three years
ago when I realized that bringing per-
sonal computing into my day-to-day
business life could make me more ef-
ficient and my business more profitable.

As sales representative for the eastern
region of a major company selling paper
products — a highly competitive
business — my job entails a lot of cus-
tomer record keeping: competition, con-

Data Factory has
allowed me to design
my own record-keeping
system without
becoming a
programmer.

tracts, calls, customer facilities, and a
myriad of other details.

After deciding on an Apple II because
of the vast amount of software available
for the machine, I studied most of the
database management systems available
and finally settled on the Data Factory
from Micro Lab. I am not a pro-

Rodncy O'Rourke, 8 Pleasant View PI.. Old Green-
wich. CT 06870 .

Rodney O'Rourke

grammer, and I don’t want to be a com-
puter expert. My use for a computer is
straightforward: I want it to assist me in
the performance of my job, make me
more efficient, and help me serve my
customers.

I have never regretted the choice of
Data Factory. First, it is a truly friendly
and virtually foolproof program that
provides me with the power I need. Sec-
ond, it was at that time, and still is, the
most flexible DBMS available for a
small computer. Third, when I signed
my first licensing agreement, I found
that I had bought people and support as
well as software.

Data Factory has allowed me to design
my own record-keeping system without
becoming a programmer or learning
what amounts to a new computer lan-
guage. But it goes beyond that. Data
Factory also allows me to manipulate the
data in the base in several unique ways
and to produce reports customized to
my specific requirements. Finally, the
sophisticated math package which is an
integral part of Data Factory lets me
massage the figures in ways that ap-
proach some of the well-known
spreadsheet programs.

136

Extended Warranty

Data Factory is a single program
which includes a first-year “extended
warranty” against destruction of the
program disk (you get two identical
copies of the program disk which cannot
be copied). The extended warranty pro-
vides for replacement of a damaged or
destroyed disk any time in the first year
and also provides you with any updated
versions that might be issued. I started
with Version 3 and recently received my

GPeative corapatiRg

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Data Factory
Type: Database manager
System: 48K Apple II
Format: Two identical sets of

two 5 l / 4 " floppy disks, one report
disk and one utility disk.

Language: Applesoft Basic with
6502 Assembly subroutines.
Summary: Excellent, easy-to-use,
virtually foolproof system for
business and personal uses.

Price: $300
Manufacturer:

Micro Lab

2310 Skokie Valley Rd.

Highland Park, IL 60035

March 1983 c Creative Computing

T.

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announces two exciting new programs that
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the 80-column VIDEX VIDEOTERM.

APPLE WRITER ][

pre-boot with 80-Column Display

is program allows an 80-column display for your APPLE
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the keyboard. When combined with the ENHANCER ][,
is program will provide a complete word processing
kage.

nterested in word processing in different languages? The pre-
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an Enhancer ][, the keyboard
can be programmed to be
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$19.00

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i ’ ~ *

/ ii ) nni h )i n it ii H u u ii mi » i

M \ # \ y v V

r

VisiCalc™

pre-boot with BO-Column Display

Now you can view the VisiCalc electronic worksheet window in
80 columns. Since the entry line is also 80 columns wide,
complex formulas can now be seen in their entirety for editing
ease. An added bonus is the ability to display upper and lower
case $ 49.00

Suggested retail price

For those who need even more power, a more advanced ver-
sion combines all the above features with the ability to use
many of the memory expansion boards currently available. A
configuration editor allows VisiCalc to use a mixture of dif-
ferent kinds of memory expansion cards. Just tell it what
memory cards you have and which slots they are in. For exam-
ple, you could use more than one language card equivalent. The
memory cards can be combined
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1 76 K of memory!

$89.00

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897 N.W. Grant Ave. • Corvallis, Oregon 97330 • 503/758-0521

CIRCLE 284 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Data Factory, continued...

latest copy. Version 5.0, automatically
under Micro-Lab's policy, which costs
$30 annually after the first year.

In addition, data files developed under
older versions of Data Factory are still
compatible with the newer versions, and
can be accessed through Basic, which is
not the case with some competitive
products. The features in each new ver-
sion are worth many times the cost of
the warranty.

Data Factory can be used with a one-
drive system, but it would be clumsy and
slow, as is the case with most such pro-
grams. My two-drive 48K Apple system
uses an IDS 560 printer which I chose
for its high speed and 220-column print
output. But the features of the software
program itself are what make that hard-
ware useful. While some other computer
manufacturers have built bigger, faster,
and more sophisticated machines than
the Apple, no one has built a machine
that is more flexible or easier to use.

Special Features

Those features of Data Factory that I
particularly like include a menu-driven
start-up routine that asks you a series of
questions about the database you wish to
design. After selecting a name for the
file, you are asked how many fields you
wish to specify in each record, up to a

maximum of 88. Each field may be any
length up to 239 characters long. You
are then asked to enter a maximum
length and name for each field. The next
step is to tell the program the length of
the longest field that you will sort or
search, whether you have a printer, and
the day's date.

Just that simply, your database has
been structured. After that startup ses-
sion, the program calls its own main
menu to allow you to work with the
database you have created.

One of the real strengths of the start-
up routine is that you don't have to
make long-term, unchangeable decisions
before you are really sure what the
database is going to contain and how
you will use it. It is a relatively simple
matter to change a field — from 8 charac-
ters to 12 characters, for instance — at
some later stage.

The item entry in the main menu is
data entry. When you select that option,
it prompts you for input from the key-
board by displaying the titles of each
field you selected and waiting for input.
When all field prompts have been an-
swered, the program asks if you wish to
store the results in memory or on disk,
start over, or correct an item. This last
feature allows instant editing without
retyping an entire record.

A second data entry procedure allows
custom data entry. This mode lets you
set up a customized format on the
screen, placing constant names any-
where you want, then entering the data
to the full screen by using the cursor
control keys of the Apple (I,J,K,M) to
move the cursor about the screen. You
design the custom entry format right on
your screen with cursor movements and
simple commands.

In addition, a set of control characters
lets you back up or move forward a field
in the record, whether you have entered
anything in the current field or not, ad-
vance to the next page, or back up a
page. This is a remarkably simple system
to use, especially for those situations in
which data is incomplete at the time of
entry.

Powerful List Command

The list command from the program
menu allows you to display your files on
either the screen or the printer by se-
lected record number. It gives you three
ways to do this: in the order originally
entered, in a sorted format, or in the or-
der of the last filter (a special sort that
selects and sets up an index of records
containing certain data you specify).

The menu then goes through a series
of questions about how you want the list

NEC Spinwriters." Their supernatural reliability
and versatility have made them the world's most
popular letter-quality printers. Here are some of the
miracles they can perform for you.

The Spinwriters' rapidly growing catalog of print
thimbles give you incredible versatility. One NEC
thimble can print in 35 different languages. Another
has complete technical and mathematical symbols.
Another a full scientific symbol font. The thimbles
snap in and out in seconds. And they each last for
more than 30 million impressions.

Of all printer companies, only NEC designs and
manufactures its own comprehensive family of
forms handlers. We've got eight of them, enough to
handle any form you can conjure up. They're all user-
changeable. too.

Spinwriters have remarkable reliability, more
than two years between failures in normal usage.
And they need no preventive maintenance or

If s not Magic, if s

NEC distributors
pull miracles out of
a thimble.

NEC Information Systems, Inc.

CIRCLE 217 ON READER SERVICE CARD

$p»r>writer is a trademark of
Nippon Electric Co. Ltd

routine lubrication. Ever. With only 3 major
spares, mean time to repair is only
15 minutes.

The NEC Spinwriters. Reliable, quiet,
compact, flexible and easy to use.

For more information on NEC Spin-
writers, or to find out how to become
an NEC distributor yourself, contact the
authorized NEC distributor nearest you.

presented — print field names, line feeds,
continuous print, etc. The list command
gives the user great selectivity and
flexibility in what he actually sees or
what is printed out from the data file.

The printer set-up routine sets the
parameters for producing hardcopy of
your efforts. It includes standard print
parameters along with such niceties as

Unlike most of the rest
of the program, the
custom output routine
demands patience and
forethought.

right justification of fields and the
specification of the number of horizontal
fields before executing a carriage return.

One of the most powerful of all the
capabilities of the program is the custom
output routine, which allows you to cre-
ate custom outputs to the printer or
monitor and to operate the comprehen-
sive math functions intrinsic to the pro-
gram. You control every phase of the
final apppearance of the report, enter

text of up to 4000 characters any place
you wish, place the fields at any location
on a form, and print out up to 254 col-
umns wide and 249 lines deep. Using the
custom output mode, you can write the
particular document back to the disk as
a separate file at any time, which I be-
lieve is a unique capability among micro-
computer database systems.

Unlike most of the rest of the pro-
gram, the custom output routine de-
mands patience and forethought since it
must be told what to do at every step.
Once the report looks the way you want
it to, the custom format can be saved
and called up instantly for future use. or
edited still further with powerful editing
commands.

Using custom outputs, you can com-
mand simple formats such as two-up
mailing labels or complex formats such
as checkbook entries related to a
companion general ledger database
structure.

The math and manipulation routines
give you such standard operations as
addition, subtraction, power, sine and
cosine, and random number generation,
as well as such complex capabilities as
natural logs, conversion of degrees to
radians, modular arithmetic, and logical
not operation. All are handled in reverse
Polish notation, which may be the most

logical kind of computer entry system
for arithmetic computation. Instead of
saying 2 -I- 2 = as we have been taught
from our pencil and paper days, the
equation is entered from the keyboard as
2 enter 2 enter +

Move Data To New Format

While Inspect /change functions are
common to most databases, the addi-
tional update and transfer routines of
Data Factory allow you to change the
existing database input or ouipui struc-
ture. then move the data over to the new
structure without reentering the data.
These are among the most useful and
powerful of all the Data Factory features
in that your own database can grow and
change with your needs, rather than be-
ing locked into whatever format you set
up at the beginning.

A related feature is the construct and
append routine, which may be the most
powerful routine in the entire system.
With the C&A routine, you can add up
to 10 new fields to an existing structure,
decrease the number of fields, change in-
dividual field length, switch field po-
sitions around in the file, append records
to the existing file, and select which
records to transfer by moving them in
selected blocks. With C&A. you can
selectively back-up individual files on a

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Huntsville. AL

Transalaska Data Sys., Inc.
Anchorage. AK
(907) 276-5616

ARIZONA

Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

(602) 243-6601

International Data Systems

(602) 231-0888
Phoenix. A Z

The Phoenix Group. Inc.
Tempe. AZ
(602) 894-9247
Spirit Electronics

Scottsdale. AZ
(602) 998-1533

Consolidated Data Terminals

Oakland. CA

(415) 638-1222

Data Systems Marketing

San Diego. CA

(619) 560-9222

Eakins Associates. Inc.

Mountain View. CA

(415) 969-4533

Electronic Mktg. Specialists

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Electronic Mktg. Specialists

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Mark Electronics Corp.
Sunnyvale. CA
(408) 773-9990
Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

Leasametric

Culver City. CA
(213) 670-0461

Micro Business World

Tarzana. CA
(213) 996-2252
RC Data. Inc.

San Jose. CA
(408) 946-3800
Renaissance Tech. Corp.
Concord. CA
(415) 676-5757
Terminal Rentals. Inc.

Tustin. CA
(714) 832-2414
Terminal Rentals. Inc.

San Jose. CA

(408) 292-9915

United States Data Systems

San Mateo, CA

(415) 572-6600

Vitek

San Marcos. CA
(714) 744-8305
Way hern Corp.

Garden Grove. CA
(714) 554-4520
Western Microtechnology
Cupertino. CA
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Oata Design A Development

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Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

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Denver. CO

W.A. Brown Instruments. Inc.

Fort Lauderdale. FL
(305) 776-4800

W.A. Brown Instruments. Inc.

Melbourne. FL
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W.A. Brown Instruments. Inc.

Tampa. FL

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Cain A Bultman, Inc.

Jacksonville. FL

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Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

Fort Lauderdale. FL

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Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

Orlando. FL

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1-Mark Electronics Corp.
St Petersburg. FL
(813) 576-8691

GEORGIA

W.A. Brown Instruments. Inc.

Atlanta GA
(404) 455-1035
Digital Solutions. Inc.
Marietta. GA
(404) 955-4488
Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.
Norcross. GA
(404) 447-8000

HAWAII

Gray Associates

Kailua. HI
(808) 261-3751

Dytec/Central. Inc.

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Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

FLORIDA

Data Factory, continued...

disk rather than copying the entire disk,
manipulate the previously entered
search and sort characters, append files
even though the field lengths do not
match, and fix a bad record caused by
garbled data, hardware error, or even
physical fault in the media.

Many Ways To Search

The search routines are highly flexible
in Data Factory. You can search by
record number or by any of the fields. In
addition, you may direct a regular
search, which will respond to the search
characters CAT with CATholic, CAT-
alog, and CATerer. The command to
use internal search would also report
back such strings as eduCATe and
duCAT. Still another search option finds
those records that do not match the
search category.

The next level of combining the file is
the master search routine which allows
you to indicate several items to search
for (“scope searching/’ as it is known on
minis and mainframes). The process is
known in Data Factory as using a filter.
You construct as complex a filter as you
need to conduct a particular search. A
screen menu prompts you through every
step of the construction of the filter,
which also allows you to implement the
logical operators “and” and “or” to pro-

duce levels of filter. While levels of filter
cannot be added once a filter has been
constructed, the command “nop” (no
operation) can be designed into the
structure and later changed to an “and”
or an “or”.

Filters can be saved and reused or al-
tered at any time. When a filter is used
to process a data file, the index of the file
is displayed, showing which records
match through all stages and levels of
the filter; those that meet all require-
ments are automatically written to an in-
dex on the disk. The save and re-run
feature of having the filtered index on
disk is a powerful tool for situations in
which various reports must be generated
over time using the same sorted records.

Like the other routines in Data Fac-
tory , the sort function allows great
flexibility. When entering records, the
latest record goes to the end of the file.
However, through use of the sort rou-
tine, the records can be rearranged
numerically, alphabetically, or by date
and can be restructured in either ascend-
ing or descending order. The Data Fac-
tory also allows sorting by one-level (the
regular sort) or by multi-level which per-
mits up to four levels of sort, such as
sorting one field by name and another by
date.

The sort routine automatically com-

pacts all files as it is used, giving you
maximum data storage efficiency on the
disk.

Three Ways To Index

Another powerful, automatic feature
of the Data Factory is its index routine,
which provides three different kinds of
indexes to the data in the file.

First, you can print out or display on
the screen the first appearance of data in
the field searched. The routine will show
the record number of that first appear-
ance. Second, you can construct an in-
dex for all appearances of the particular
search word. Finally, you can get a
count of the number of times it appears
in a file.

As an example, let’s presume that
Data Factory is being used in a hospital
emergency ward. By using the first op-
tion, you could search a field called
“location of injury.” The first option
would print out a list: arm, hand, eye,
ankle . . Using the second option, the
listing would present arm 12,23,39; hand
16,26,27,41; eye 6,9,20,45, showing
which records contained the search
word. By using the third option, the list-
ing would show arm (15), hand (11), eye
(7), ankle (12), indicating the number of
times each type of injury appeared in the
file.

Applying It In Business

In any database manager, the ability
to delete data, formats, files, and records
is vital in keeping the file up-to-date.
With Data Factory , which stores up to
10 formats, any one can simply be killed.
All such deletions are done from a

You could have Data
Factory show everyone
in the Boston area, and
then schedule visits
around those
customers and
prospects.

prompting menu. Individual files can be
killed in one action, which is a great
time-saver. Records can be deleted from
files individually, in groups according to
a common field, or by blocks of record
numbers. In many cases. Data Factory
asks a fail-safe second question to make
sure you really mean to delete what you
ordered deleted.

How this all can come together in

your business life is shown in the
database that you can design using Data
Factory and use every day in dealing
with customers and prospects.

The database could be made up of up
to 86 fields and contain all the normal
kinds of identifying data, such as name,
ownership, address, phone, key contact,
estimated paper usage, and so on. In
addition, it could contain a section on
how the customer handles its paper sup-
plies, storage available, amount used,
type of paper used, cores preferred, etc.

Another section could deal with con-
tracts with these customers, how much
paper they cover, cumulative sales his-
tory in volume and dollars, expiration of
contracts, and related information. Still
another section could deal with com-
petition: who else the customer buys
from, how much, when their contracts
expire, plus some confidential informa-
tion for use in dealing with individual
customers.

You could access this information in a
number of ways to make your produc-
tive hours — the hours spent with
customers — more profitable. One ob-
vious way is to check expiring contracts
regularly, both yours and your com-
petition’s, and then make special efforts
against those prime prospects.

Another way might be in scheduling

trips. Say you are going to Boston. You
could have Data Factory list all your
customers and prospects in the Boston
area and then schedule visits around
them.

Still another use is in emergency situa-
tions. Say there is a fire in one of the
plants that means production will be
down for a significant time. You could
have Data Factory instantly produce a
list of customers who rely on production
from that mill, and find them alternative
sources of supply even before they know
that there is a problem with their pri-
mary source. That is the kind of service
to which a customer is entitled, but
which is very hard to do manually. It is
just the mindless kind of filter that the
Apple does very well.

Summing Up

Salesmen used to do all those things
manually — with a lot of difficulty, pieces
of paper, and time. Now they can do
them all with an Apple computer and
Data Factory , and find that they can be
more efficient, more valuable to their
customers, and especially, more profit-
able. I recommend Data Factory to any-
one who needs quick access, with
tailored output, to a complex database,
but who does not want to become a com-
puter expert. □

WORTH CAROLINA

. Inc.

, Inc.

W.A. Brown Instruments. Inc.
Durham. NC
( 919 ) 683-1580

Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.
Raleigh. NC

( 919 ) 832-4465

General Data Co.. Inc.
Cincinnati. OH
( 513 ) 851-2585
General Data Co..
Lakewood. OH
( 216 ) 228-8833
General Data Co.,

Fostoria. OH
( 419 ) 435-1191

Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.
Highland Heights OH
( 216 ) 473-2907
Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.
Westerville. OH
( 614 ) 891-4555
Midwest Microcomputer
Defiance. OH
( 419 ) 782-1115
WKM Associates
Cleveland. OH
( 216 ) 524-5930
National Instr. Dlstr. Inc.
Dayton. OH
( 513 ) 435-4503
8tar-Ttontc Distributor Co.
Fairview Park. OH
( 216 ) 779-9660
Star-Ttonic Distributor Co.

Englewood. OH
( 513 ) 836-0951

Data Applications Corp

( 918 ) 250-8686

Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

( 918 ) 665-3200
Tulsa. OK

Microware Distributing

Aloha. OR

( 503 ) 642-7679

Bartlett Associates. Inc.
Norristown. PA
( 215 ) 666-7100
General Data Company

Pittsburgh. PA
( 412 ) 788-4800
Star-Tronic Distributor Co.

Monroeville. PA
( 412 ) 372-3340

WKM Associates

Pittsburgh. PA
( 412 ) 892-2953

SOUTH CAROLINA

W.A. Brown Instruments. Inc.
Columbia. SC
( 803 ) 798-8070

W.A. Brown Instruments. Inc.
Oak Ridge. TN
( 615 ) 482-5761

Data Applications

Addison. TX
( 214 ) 931-1100
Data Applications

Houston. TX
( 713 ) 686-8413

San

( 512 ) 732-7176

DAB Data Systems

Plano. TX
( 214 ) 422-7910
DAB Data Systems

Houston. TX

( 713 ) 463-7561

Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

Dallas. TX

( 214 ) 343-5000

Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

Austin. TX

( 512 ) 258-8848

Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

Houston. TX

( 713 ) 781-6100

Southern Micro Distributors

Irving. TX

( 214 ) 258 6636

UTAH

Acorn Data Products
Salt Lake C.tv UT
( 801 ) 973-7958

VIRGINIA

Nine Associates

Fairfax. VA
( 703 ) 273-1803
Terminals Unlimited
Falls Church. VA
( 703 ) 237-8666

W ASHINGTON

Micro Technology. Inc.

Tacoma. WA

( 206 ) 272-3347

Sigma Distributing
Bellevue. WA

( 206 ) 454-6307

WISCONSIN

Hall-Mark Electronics Corp.

Oak Creek. Wl
( 414 ) 761-3000

If you just bought another computer,
boy are you gonna be sorry

The new Epson QX-10 is unlike any per-
sonal computer you've ever seen. It's a com-
puter for people who don't have the time to
learn computers; a computer you can be
using within minutes.

And fortunately, you don't have to take
our word for it. Here's how Byte, one of the
computer industry's most prestigious maga-
zines, describes the QX-10.

The first anybody-can-use-it computer.

"The Epson QX-10 (is) a computer for less
than $3000 that may well be the first of a new
breed of anybody-can-use-it 'appliance'
computers ... In addition to being a highly
integrated word processing/computer sys-
tem that offers as much usable processing
power as almost any existing microcompu-
ter, the QX-10 . . . system is designed to be
used by people with minimal technical
knowledge. We've certainly heard that
claim before, but Epson has delivered on
this promise in a way and to an extent that
no microcomputer manufacturer has done."

That's nice to hear from a magazine like
Byte, of course, but it doesn't surprise us.
It's just what we intended the QX-10 to be
all along.

More computer. Less money.

But useability isn't the only thing the QX-10
has going for it. As Byte says, "the QX-10
gives you a great deal for your money.

"Help is available at any time through the
HASCI (Human Application Standard
Computer Interface) keyboard Help key . . .
Text can be entered at any time just as you
would in a conventional word processor.
The Calc key turns the system into a basic

4-function calculator. Graphics can be cre-
ated via the Draw key. The Sched (schedule)
key gives you access to a computer-kept
appointment book, a built-in clock/timer/
alarm, and an event scheduler."

Advanced hardware for advanced
software.

As for hardware. Popular Computing,
another industry leader, says: "The QX-10
includes ... a number of advanced hardware
features . . . The basic components of the
system are a detachable keyboard, a high
resolution monochrome display, and a sys-
tem unit containing two 5V4 inch disk
drives. The drives use double-sided,
double-density disks (340K bytes per disk)
and are amazingly compact . . . The QX-10
uses an 8-bit Z80A microprocessor. The sys-
tem contains 256 bytes of RAM. Some of the
RAM is . . . battery powered . . . which lets
the computer retain information when the
power is off."

You won't have to wait much longer.

The new Epson QX-10 may very well be the
computer you've been waiting for. And for-
tunately, you won't have to wait much
longer — it will be appearing soon in com-
puter stores all across the country. In the
meantime, write Epson at 3415 Kashiwa
Street, Torrance, CA 90505, or call (213)
539-9140. We'll be happy to send you copies
of our reviews.

After all, as Popular Computing puts it, the
QX-10 will "do for computing what the
Model T did for transportation."

And we couldn't have said it better
ourselves.

EPSON

EPSON AMERICA, INC.

COMPUTER PRODUCTS DIVISION

3415 Kashiwa Street
Torrance, California 90505
(213) 539-9140

CIRCLE 164 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Paint

The Possibilities

You may be getting tired of hearing
me rave about the graphics potential of
the Atari. Well I’m not going to rave
anymore — I am just going to show you
some pictures. They will save me thou-
sands of words.

Paint is the most ambitious joystick-
based drawing system available for the
Atari computer. It has capabilities that
outstrip systems that cost five times as
much. It allows even the absolute begin-
ner to experiment with most of the
graphics potential the Atari brings to
microcomputing. And it is so simple,
even a child can use it. In fact, it was
designed with children in mind. I cannot
think of a better inducement to kids than
a program such as this.

There are actually two drawing pro-
grams included with Paint , SimplePaint
and Superpaint. SimplePaint is an unim-
posing, scaled-down version of the main
program. Superpaint, devoid of power-
ful features and therefore also of ail com-
plexity. SimplePaint stands more as a
tutorial starting point than a valuable
program in its own right. It is doubtful
whether the user, child or adult, will
spend much time with it. Not after he
discovers the majesty of Superpaint.

The Features

The joystick is manipulated to move a
blinking cross hair around the screen.
Press the trigger, and the cursor draws.
You may choose from nine different
“brushes,” in nine different widths, for
a total of 81 styles of brushstroke. You
may choose a brush that paints a wide
swath in one direction, and a narrow one

Electronic

Canvas

John Anderson

in another. You can choose a fine line
(resolution to graphics 7), or paint huge
areas at a time.

At the bottom of the screen ten “paint
pots” are displayed. Move the cursor
into one of the pots, and press the trigger.
Your brush will pick up the new color.
Four of these are solid colors, six are
patterns — plaids, if you like. Each of
these colors as well as their luminosities
can be changed. Each of the plaids can
be altered as well. They default to a very
pleasing set, but it is tough to avoid play-
ing with them.

Next to the paint pots are two other
symbols. One is an H, and when the

creative computing

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Paint

Type: Graphics composer
System: Atari 800 48K
Format: Disk
Language: Machine /Basic

Summary: Impressive, powerful

graphics package making
full use of the Atari.
Price: $39.95

Manufacturer:

Reston Software
11480 Sunset Hills Rd.

Reston, VA 22090

144

cursor is moved onto it and the trigger
pressed, the help menu appears. Every-
thing about Paint can be accessed from
its superbly designed system of nested
menus. As the user gains proficiency,
commands can also be input to the key-
board directly. Thus the system is able to
cater to the beginner and the expert
alike, without inconvenience to either.

The symbol to the far right, looking
like squares within squares, is the zoom
symbol. Move the cursor onto it and
press, and the picture enlarges to graph-
ics 5. Press it again to move to graphics
3. Move the cursor from within these
modes, and smooth scrolling takes
place. You can travel smoothly through-
out the painting in these magnified
modes, doing detailed work with great
accuracy.

Other commands place real graphics
power in your hands. Aside from the
direct drawing mode, you can choose the
automatic generation of straight lines,
rectangles, and circles. They will place
themselves exactly where you indicate,
in the size and brushstroke you have cho-
sen. This capability is indispensable in
building designs. Once closed shapes
have been formed, either freehand or
automatically, they can be filled with
any color or plaid. The fill coloring is
quick, perfect, and fun to watch.

Colors and luminosities can be
changed as you look at a painting, or as
you look at an electronic palette, which
indicates the choice on a rainbow-hued
color menu. Plaids can be changed only
while you are looking at the color menu.
The cursor then becomes a roving
square. You choose the pattern you want

March 1983 e Creative Computing

Explore the Frontiers of Intelligence

◄ Variations of blind-fold play-camouflaged or invisible pieces

◄ Invert board to play black on bottom

◄ Change pieces on board during game, or set up position

◄ Change between 15 levels of play, plus postal and mate-finder modes

◄ Show move that Chess is thinking about

◄ List played moves for each side

◄ Lines of force in: attacks and defenses on a square

◄ Lines of force out: squares attacked and defended

◄ Chess suggests a move

◄ Show moves Chess thinks you will make, and its responses

◄ Evaluation of a position

M Return to board or switch to command menu

◄ Take back a move (repeatable)

◄ Play move suggested by look-ahead search

◄ Chess plays neither side

◄ Switch sides

◄ Chess plays against itself-one level against another

◄ Replay through most advanced position

◄ Skip to most advanced position

◄ Start new game

◄ Leave program

◄ Save, get, and delete games to and from disk

All features self-documented, all choices cursor-controlled
Screen shows ‘outward' and ‘look' features being used

THE PEOPLE BEHIND THE PROGRAMS:

Larry Atkin & David Slate: Authors of the
Northwestern University Chess 4.7 program-
World Computer Chess Champion, 1977-1 980

Peter Frey: Northwestern University professor
Editor: Chess Skill in Man and Machine
One of U.S. Othello Assoc.'s top-ranked players

Checkers' features

Black to move and win
(From Checkers documentation)

‘Scores' feature in Odin A clue to the secret of Odin:

Black is destined to lose

Chess: $69 95 See your local software dealer, or order
930Pitner Checkers: $49.95 (Mastercard or Visa):

Evanston, IL 60202 Odin: $49 95 800-323-5423

(U S A) (in Illinois, call 312-328-7101)

CIRCLE 218 ON READER SERVICE CARD

For Apple II. Apple II Plus 48K disk
systems, and Atari 48K disk systems.
Odin is also available for TRS-80 Model
1 & 3 32K disk systems

©1982O0ESTA

Paint, continued...

,*,7.7,7 ' * •i w f

lpv'.'.'.vv,

Hill

■Tv.v.'.v^ - (1 V.

hp

A// pictures by the author, created w ith
the Paint graphics composing .sy stem.

Figure I . Rectangles f illed w ith a variety
of plaids. Blac k c ircles "cut" out of the
bac kground w ith a jagged brush suggest
a sculptured effect.

Figure 2 . Varied brushstrokes can evoke
images of splashes of paint

Figure 3. A star-shapec
in these broad strokes c
tern .

The system is able
to cater to the
beginner and the
expert alike, without
inconvenience to
either.

iiiilli

sii

MHII II
• M M It I

tm

w

m

Figure 4 Circ les Number I

Figure 5. Circles Number 2

i HI W&WW&WWWIfU

Figure 7 Nighttime Cityscape / re-
saved this painting in dawn, daytime,
and dusk color sc hemes. Viewing them
in succession creates an animated effect.

Figure R. The color menu Note paint
pots at the bottom of the screen. Pattern
bars determine plaids. Rainbow of hues
indic ates color and luminence

146

March 1983 c Creative Computing

If you've ever lost data due to a
faulty disk, you know how impor-
tant reliability can be.

That's why Accutrack disks arc
critically certified at 2-3 times the
error threshold of your system.

Why they're precision fabricated for
higher signal quality, longer life and
less head wear. And why we take
such extra steps as testing single-
density mini disks at double-density
levels. So you don't have to worry
about the reliability of your media.

Accutrack disks. OEMs have
specified them for years. You can
trust them for your data. Call toll-
free (800 225-8715) for your nearest
dealer.

E3D

□□

ACCUTRACK

Dennison KYBE Corporation

82 Calvary Street. Waltham. Mass 02254
Tel (617)899-0012; Telex 94-0179
Outside Mass call toll free (800) 2253715
Offices & representatives worldwide

Dealers: Give your customers a
choice— Accutrack's OEM perform-
ance as well as your heavily adver-
tised brand. We have the industry's
only complete line of disks, cas-
settes and mag cards, including
virtually all special formats.

If you want a quality line, small
minimums, the ability to mix
and match, private labeling,
fast delivery and great price, call
today. Find out how responsive a
media supplier can be.

CIRCLE 191 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Paint, continued...

by placing the cursor on displayed pat-
tern bars and pressing the trigger.

Other features round out the strengths
of the program. The responsiveness of
the nondrawing cursor can be damped,
as can the responsiveness of the cursor
when it is drawing. This may seem a
trivial feature, but is very handy when
doing detail work. I tended toward using
a quick cursor when moving without
drawing, and a slower cursor when
drawing, for added control.

Okay, so you have created a master-
piece. What to do with it? Save it to disk,
of course. Multiple pictures can be saved
to a single disk. The Art Show feature
allows all pictures on a disk to be dis-
played. You can use multiple drives, and
retrieval time is very quick. You may
even number the order in which you
want paintings to be displayed. You
could conceivably create sequences
approaching animation using this tech-
nique. Press the space bar to pause on a
single picture. Press it again to continue.
Another command allows pictures to be
deleted.

The Concept

Paint is an effort of SuperBoots, a
talented and promising software team
working for the Capitol Children’s

Museum in Washington, D.C. The pro-
grammers are Eric Podietz, Jimmy Sny-
der, and Mark Scott.

Obviously intended to be an educa-
tional package. Paint manages to convey
fully the flavorful, imagination-spurring
mood fostered at the Children’s
Museum. As a program designed to
involve children, it is a masterpiece.

The Shortcomings

Accompanying the remarkable soft-
ware is an equally ambitious softcover
book, which in addition to documenting
the package, attempts to present an over-
view of art history from the dawn of man
to the dawn of microcomputers.

On this account it does not do any-
where near as well. The scope of the
task, in contrast to the space alloted,
nearly dooms it to failure on the launch
pad. The fact that the text suffers from a
terminal case of the “cutsies” strikes the
fatal blow.

Certain passages of the book strike,
like a blow to the vitals. “Nothing, with
the possible exception of fire, acne, the
wheel and sex, will have a greater impact
on your life than the computer,” reads
the introduction to chapter two. A para-
graph in chapter three reads “Yes, no,
yes, yes, maybe, hmmm, I don't know.

could be, yes, no, no, yes, yes, kind of,
oh, who knows?” This kind of drivel
typifies what some adults think kids eat
up. Sorry; only dumb adults, if anyone,
see value in patronizing kids.

In fairness, the book is well-inten-
tioned, and includes some handsome
color plates, ranging from Matisse to
computer-generated graphics by Mark
Lindquist. The book unfortunately
ignores the work of Tom deFanti, Abel
Associates, and MAGI. In its ineffective

Unfortunately, no
provision is made for
recalling paintings from
any other programs.

but passionate argument for the legiti-
macy of computer-generated art, it
nearly makes the case of opponents like
Robert E. Mueller (see “When is Com-
puter Art Art,” in the January issue).
Proponents of computer art will cringe at
the uneven and pronouncement-packed
propaganda presented in the text of
Paint.

But wait a minute. The package was
designed to stimulate the imagination,
and that it does. And despite the fact that
the accompanying text is putrid, the
package remains superb.

Of course it could have been better.
Unfortunately, no provision is made for
recalling paintings from any other pro-
grams, Basic or otherwise, aside from
Paint itself. This is a shortcoming that
could have been easily set right. Further,
the paint pot portion of the screen, which
comprises what would otherwise be the
text window, cannot be removed, and
the images are, therefore, always
cropped on the bottom. It was wasteful
not to have allowed for paintings to take
up all the available screen area, with an
option to toggle the paint pots on and off
the screen. Perhaps these improvements
will appear in a future version of the
program.

In the title card of the program, fill
routines are used to “animate” the
image. It would be wonderful if this
power were made available to the user.
Reston Software has announced another
package. Quick Flix , for release shortly.
It is an animation development package,
which may offer this kind of capability.

Despite my occasionally strong reser-
vations about the text, I unreservedly
recommend Paint as a must for the Atari
graphics enthusiast, and the enthusiast’s
kids as well. At $39.95, it is a worth-
while bargain □

March 1983 e Creative Computing

FEATURES

• Typewriter operation with nothing to disconnect • to. 12 or 15 characters per
inch switch selectable • Portable with carrying case • Entire interface mounted
internally in the Olivetti Praxis 30 typewriter • Underlining • Cables available for
most computers • Service from Olivetti dealers • Centronics compatible parallel
input • Built in self test • Cartridge ribbon • 2nd keyboard switch selectable.

CBYTE WRITER

125 NORTHV1EW RD.. ITHACA. N Y. 14850
(607) 272 1 1 32

CIRCLE 120 ON READER SERVICE CARD ...

A word
processor
should be an
extension of
your mind. ^

A good word processor should feel
comfortable, and let you put your thoughts
down quickly, almost effortlessly. It should
have automatic everything, and include
footnotes, merge, columns and math. The
screen should be uncluttered and give you an
w honest view of your text without annoying
^ . codes.

WordPerfect does all this and
has proven itself at places
like Harvard, RCA, State Farm, and
Texaco. The software is well
documented, is guaranteed, and is
available for immediate delivery. For
more information write or call

Available for IBM Paraonal Compute
and Oats Qenaral Computera.

SATELLITE

SOFTWARE

INTERNATIONAL

I

Wfe don't care

which computer you own.

Well help you
get the most out of it.

CompuServe puts
a world of information,
communications, and
entertainment at your
fingertips.

CompuServe is the versatile, easy to use
interactive videotex service designed especially
for the personal computer user. It’s dynamic,
growing and changing daily to satisfy
its subscribers’ needs. It’s an industry
leader, created and managed by
the same communications pro-
fessionals who provide busi-
ness information and
network services to m

over one fourth of ~ * -I : " :

w-~ 1 ~ y/ Jr |

the FORTUNE 500
companies.

From current events to current assets,

CompuServe offers a wealth of useful, profitable
— a or just plain interesting information.
Z Electronic magazines and national
news wires plus worldwide weather,
current movie reviews, electronic
banking and shop at home services,
and some of the most sophisticated
financial information available are
all offered to current subscribers.

From words to music. CompuServe offers
a communications network that gives special

interest groups from hardware enthusiasts to
computer composers a chance to get
together. There’s a bulletin board
for selling, swapping, and
personal notices and a CB
simulator for real-time com-
munications between sub-
scribers. There’s electronic
mail, the fastest, surest, way to
communicate with other users across the street
or across the country, plus file retention and
editing, and lots, lots more.

Fun and games are expected whenever
computer users interact, and CompuServe has
the best. Games you can play alone or with
other CompuServe subscribers
anywhere in the country. Classic
puzzlers, sports and adventure
games, and fantastic space games
featuring MegaWars, the “ultimate
computer conflict.”

But, that’s just the tip of
the chip. CompuServe offers a
menu of thousands of items
that make subscribing edu-
cational, fun and sometimes downright profitable.
If you’d like to know more about CompuServe,
call toll free, 800-848-8990 to receive an illus-
trated guide to the CompuServe Information
Service. A videotex service for you no matter
which computer you own.

CompuServe

PO Box 20212

5000 Arlington Centre Blvd . Columbus. Ohio 43220

800 - 848-8990

In Ohio call 614-457-8650
An H&R Block Company

CIRCLE 132 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Pick Six
for the TRS-80

Our Favorite Games Feature Apples, Paintbrushes,
Frogs, Mines, and an Outhouse

Owen Linzmayer

Very few computers are advertised as
game machines, but we all know that
more home computers are being used to
battle alien forces than to balance check-
books. The TRS-80, although a rel-
atively primitive computer for game
playing, has a wealth of arcade software
currently available for it. Reviewed here
are the six best TRS-80 games I have
seen during the last month.

Apple Panic

In Apple Panic , you play the role of a
space farmer whose crop of apples has
mutated and turned against him. To
combat these creatures, you dig holes in
the platforms that make up the screen. If
an apple falls into a hole, you must bash
it until it plummets to its death on the
concrete below. If an apple touches you,
you lose a life.

The Apple Panic packaging promises
voice and sound effects. This is a bit
misleading. The only time the computer
speaks (through the AUX port), is when
it displays the banner page. At this time,
it says only two words, “Apple Panic.”
Most of the other games on the market

that advertise voice effects offer a much
larger vocabulary.

In addition to the printed instructions,
Apple Panic has thorough documenta-
tion accessible from within the program.
This includes a scoring table and a re-
view of the controls. The game can be
played by one or two players with either
the keyboard or a joystick.

The playscreen is divided into five
platforms that are connected by ladders.

creative computing

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Apple Panic
Type: Arcade

System: 16K Mod I/III TRS-80
Format: Tape/disk
Language: Assembly

Summary: Enjoyable ladder-climbing
game

Price: S 19.95/524.95

Manufacturer:

FunSoft Inc.

2861 1 Can wood St.

Agoura, CA 91301

The position and length of the ladders is
random, allowing for an almost infinite
number of board configurations.

The graphics are detailed, and the
animation is very clear. When one object
passes in front of another, it overlays the
object in the background, rather than
blocking it out.

The sound effects in Apple Panic are
sparse, but come at appropriate times.
The computer breaks into a rich, full-
bodied musical number as an aural
reward for completing a screen.

If you set a high score, you may enter
your name or initials (up to 10 charac-
ters) to be added to the high score table.
These names and scores are saved

152

March 1983 c Creative Computing

APPLE («©•) ATARI

AND VERSION

TRS-80 WITH FULL

TEXT-ONLY VERSION COLOR GRAPHICS

$ 34.95

s 39.95

HHCCS SUtJCCT TO CHANGE
IHWflllO * MANOUNO I * T AA

NOW AVAILABLE FROM YOUR LOCAL DEALER OR DISTRIBUTOR
OR ORDER TOLL FREE (800) 327-7172 OR

BY MAIL FROM ADVENTURE INTERNATIONAL • BOX 3435 • LONGWOOD, FL 32750

CIRCLE 105 ON READER SERVICE CARD

TRS-80 Arcade Games, continued..

permanently on the disk version, and are
displayed on the instruction screen.

Apple Panic from Funsoft may be well
on its way to the top of the charts.

Crazy Painter

Crazy Painter brightens up a TRS-80
software library just as a fresh coat of
paint brings new life to a drab room. It is,
as far as I know, an original arcade game
unlike any other.

Your job is to maneuver a paintbrush
around the playfield, trying to “white
out” the entire screen. Your mission is
hindered by a group of pests that remove
the paint that they walk, slither, and
crawl over.

Some of the creatures that you en-
counter are deadly to the touch, others
may be run over by your paintbrush. Af-
ter you finish painting the screen, you
advance to a special bonus round in
which all of the monsters are vulnerable
to your paintbrush. As the game pro-
gresses, the action increases as more
aggressive foes attack your paint job.

Crazy Painter is a very professional
program designed with user-friendliness
in mind. There are three pages of
internal documentation complete with
animation. The game supports both one-
and two-player games. If you want to
skip the easy rounds of play, don't
worry, there are ten selectable levels of
starting difficulty. In addition to this,
each player can choose his own level.

Crazy Painter is written entirely in
machine language by Robert Pappas,
author of Bounceoids (see review,
December 1982 issue). The major attrac-
tion of this game is that instead of being
represented on the screen by a little
graphics character, you actually create
the graphic images on the computer
screen. The movement of all of the ele-
ments in Crazy Painter is remarkably
smooth, even at high speeds.

I like Crazy Painter because as the
game progresses in difficulty levels, dif-
ferent creatures are brought into play.

“J was going to buy a traditional engagement
ring, but this Donkey Kong’ ring was so
clever, / couldn 't resist. ”

thus adding variety to the game. The
bonus rounds that you encounter after
every screen break up the tension and of-
fer a chance to augment your score
considerably.

The one complaint I have with Crazy
Painter is that there are very few sound

creative computing

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Crazy Painter
Type: Arcade
System: Mod I/III TRS-80
Format: Tape/disk
Language: Assembly
Summary: Very nice original game
Price: SI 5.95/S 19.95
Manufacturer:

The Cornsoft Group
6008 N. Keystone Ave.
Indianapolis, IN 46220
(317) 257-3227

effects. Additional sound effects would
greatly enhance this game. It has been
proven by coin-op game manufacturers
that over 50% of the appeal of a game
depends on the audio output. I hope
more TRS-80 programmers take note of
this fact.

Crazy Painter offers a refreshing break
from shoot’-em-up games. The idea is
novel, and Robert Pappas deserves
credit for taking the time to do some
innovative programming.

Demon Seed

During the summer of 1982, the the-
aters were filled with horror films. When
I first heard of Demon Seed , I mistak-
enly thought it was the title of a new “in-
sane convict murders entire town”
movie. Demon Seed is, in fact, a TRS-80
adaptation of Centuri’s coin-op arcade
game Phoenix.

In Demon Seed you control a lone
space fighter that traverses the bottom of
the computer screen. This ship is
equipped with an unlimited supply of
ammunition and a protective shield that

can be activated for short periods of
time.

The enemy takes the shape of large
winged bats and demons. Each attack is
made up of five separate waves. The first
two attack waves consist of bats flying in
formation. During the third and fourth
waves, you are confronted by swooping
demons that you must hit dead-center to
destroy. On the fifth wave, you face the
demon attack ship. Before you can shoot
its pilot, you must blow a hole through
both the belly of the ship and the revolv-
ing rim. After you destroy this ship, a
new attack wave begins. If you survive
two attack waves, you get to try your
hand at a special challenge round.

Demon Seed is designed for only one-
player. Until you become familiar with
the workings of the game, it is difficult
to attain high scores. If you set one of
the top ten scores, you may enter your
name (up to 20 characters) to be saved
permanently on disk.

The ship is controlled by using the
keyboard. In addition to the game con-
trols, there are a few special keys that
you should be aware of. You can pause
the game at any time by pressing P. If
you want to abort the game entirely,
hold down both the break and clear
keys. To turn off the sound effects, press
the break key. Options such as this take

creative computing

SOFTWARE PROFILE

Name: Demon Seed

Type: Arcade

System: 16K Mod I/III TRS-80

Format: Tape/disk

Language: Assembly

Summary: Excellent adaptation of
Phoenix

Price: S19.95/S24.95

Manufacturer:

Trend Software

Box 741

Bloomfield Hills, Ml 48013

little time to add to a program, but they
make a game much more friendly.

The animation in Demon Seed is very
good. Attacking creatures flap their
wings and drop bombs as they swoop
down at your ship. At times, game ele-
ments flicker, thus detracting from an
otherwise excellent graphic display.

Anyone who enjoys playing Phoenix
will find Demon Seed a game well worth
his money.

Frogger

After Frogger, from Sega Electronics,
proved itself in the arcades, manufac-

March 1983 c Creative Computing

155

TRS-80 Arcade Games, continued...

turers began clamoring for the home
rights to the game. The Cornsoft Group
acquired the rights to produce a TRS-80
adaptation of Frogger, and they did a
great job. This licensed version is the
best I have seen.

In Frogger , you control a small frog
that you must maneuver across a bus-
tling highway and past a rushing river.
You can move in any of the four com-
pass directions using either the keyboard
or a joystick. You must avoid traffic,
snakes, crocodiles, and diving turtles. If
you get five frogs safely onto their
lilypads on the far side of the river, you
advance to a more difficult level.

cp«ative compatiRg

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Frogger
Types Arcade
System: Mod I/III TRS-80
Format: Tape/disk
Language: Assembly

Summary: Licensed version of

Frogger, coin-op game
from Sega/Gremlin

Price: S19.95/S22.95

Manufacturer:

The Cornsoft Group
6008 N. Keystone Ave.
Indianapolis, IN 46220
(317) 257-3227

The sound effects of Frogger are every
bit as crisp and whimsical as those found
in the arcade. The program beautifully
emulates frog sounds of the coin-op
game.

One problem many game designers
face is how to fit an arcade game onto a
computer screen. Remember, most video
games have screens that are longer than
they are wide; the opposite is true of the
TRS-80. Rather than squeeze the play-
field down to size, programmer Robert
Pappas simply split it in two. When a
game begins, you see only the highway.
If you reach the other side, the river sec-
tion scrolls down into place. This is a
new, effective way to handle an old
problem.

This split-screen technique provides
for much more detailed graphics than
the versions I have seen that use only
one screen. Even with the increased de-
tail, it is easy to lose sight of your frog
on the river screen, especially when you
are riding on a log. If it were easier to
differentiate between graphic elements,
the game itself would be greatly
enhanced.

One or two people can play Frogger ,
each chosing his own difficulty level (0-

4). If a high score is set, you can enter a
name or message (up to 17 characters)
which will be saved on the disk.

The thing that bothers me about
Frogger is that the controls aren’t as
responsive as I would like them to be. At
times you must wait before you can
move. This is maddening and results in
many miscalculated jumps — usually into
the grillwork of an oncoming car and
flat frogs.

Frogger lives up the standard for
arcade programs set by the Cornsoft
Group. I have never been very fond of
the coin-op Frogger , but I recommend
the TRS-80 version to anyone who is.

Mad Mines

I have heard it said that borrowing
from one source is plagiarism, but
borrowing from two sources is research.
If this is true, then Mad Mines is an ex-
cellent piece of software research. Mad
Mines combines elements of two popular
Apple II computer games: Ceiling Zero
and Space Eggs.

In Mad Mines , you are in charge of a
small space cannon that slides along the
bottom of the screen. Your mission is to
survive as long as possible while
eliminating the mines that infest inner-
space. If you shoot a mine, its occupant
bursts forth and dives down to attack
you. Anything that passes below the
force field is restricted to this ever-
shrinking space. Each time you kill a
flock of mines, a new group appears and
the force field is lowered. As the action
speeds up, your margin for error dimin-
ishes rapidly.

You face a total of four different
aliens, each with its own pattern of
behavior. The most dangerous of these
are the ones encountered on the fourth
attack wave. If you shoot an egg during
the fourth wave, the creature drops
straight down at you. If you don’t hit the

creative compatiRg

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Mad Mines
Type: Arcade

System: 16K Mod I/III TRS-80
Format: Tape/disk
Language: Assembly

Summary: Combination of two Apple
games

Price: S19.95/S24.95
Manufacturer:

Funsoft Inc.

28611 Canwood St.

Agoura, CA 91301
(213)991-6540

156

little bugger before it reaches the bottom
of the screen, you are dead. This is a per-
fect example of a “be perfect or die”
situation.

The graphics in Mad Mines are ab-
solutely state-of-the-art. The animation
of the aliens is excellent and nothing
flickers, even when the screen is filled
.with moving elements. One thing that I
do find annoying is that the stars in the
background look a lot like the alien
bombs. This is confusing and could be
corrected by eliminating the scrolling
stars.

Rather than simply switch from one
screen to another. Mad Mines has a vari-
ety of transitions that dazzle the player.
The graphics demonstrated during these
transitions are original and accompanied
by sound effects.

Yves Lempereur, author of Mad
Mines , did an excellent job of creating
an all-around enjoyable product. When I
showed the game to my co-workers.

most of them commented on how much
the style resembled a Big Five program.
If you know anything about the TRS-80
game world, you know how respected
the Big Five name is. To have one’s pro-
gram compared to a Big Five game is a
great compliment.

Mad Mines is one of the most pro-
fessional arcade games available. It is
constantly challenging because it re-
quires both dexterity and strategy. I
have a special bunch of games that I
keep on-hand to show off to friends —
Mad Mines has earned its place in that
limited group:

Outhouse

So, you have just joined the Inter-
galactic Defense Force. The recruiter
promised that you’d see Mars, maybe
even Venus. Your orders came in today,
and guess what — you’ve been placed in
charge of defending an outhouse located
somewhere in Iowa. It’s a cushy job, but
someone has to do it.

For some strange reason, the enemy
has launched a full scale attack on the
outhouse. Some of the aliens want to de-
stroy the outhouse, others want to de-

March 1983 c Creative Computing

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TRS-80 Arcade Games, continued

stroy you. AH the while, vandals and
squatters are trying to use up your lim-
ited supply of toilet paper.

You control, via a joystick or the key-
board, a laser-equipped fighter that can

I

creative. computing

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Outhouse
Type: Arcade

System: 16K Mod I/III TRS-80
Format: Tape/disk
Language: Assembly
Summary: Interesting new game
Price: S15.95/S19.95
Manufacturer:

Soft Sector Marketing Inc.

Box 340

Garden City, MI 48135
(800) 521-6504

move and shoot in eight directions. Run-
ning into anything, as well as being shot
by an alien, causes you to lose a ship.
When you run out of ships or toilet pa-
per, the game is over.

The action starts off slow, but be-
comes challenging after the first three at-
tack waves have been disposed of. As
you progress, the game brings more
aliens into play. There is a total of seven
different game elements that are pro-
grammed to eliminate you, each in its
own special way.

Although Outhouse is actually a
shoot’-em-up game, it has a strange sce-
nario which elevates it above the usual
death and destruction arcade game.
Both the game concept and the graphics
are original, and there is enough variety
here to satisfy even the most jaded game
player.

The sound effects are crisp and add
much to the program. In addition to the
normal complement of space war sound
effects, the disk version of Outhouse is
enhanced with voice effects. During the
introduction and intermissions, the com-
puter speaks through the AUX port.
The voice is a bit coarse, but everything
that is said is understandable.

One or two players can play Outhouse ,
alternating turns at the controls. If you
set a high score, you are allowed to add
your name to the scoreboard. There are
two high score charts: all-time, and
daily. The top eight all-time scores are
saved to disk, whereas the daily scores
disappear when the system is turned off.

If Outhouse wasn’t a good program, it
would at least deserve credit for being
original. Luckily, it is a great program. I
recommend Outhouse to anyone looking
for a fresh idea in game playing, as well
as the hardened arcade addict.

March 1983 ° Creative Computing

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What does it do for programs?

It makes wizards speak. It makes frogs croak.
It makes Princesses shriek. It makes Martians
zxnrbl. It makes music, bells, gunshots, whistles
and lengthy speeches

It makes Apples talk!

It makes all the noises, says all the words,
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CIRCLE 266 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Bugs, Space Ships and
Racquetball For
The Color Computer

Cheer up all of you TRS-80 Color
Computer owners, quality programs are
making their way onto the market. I
have recently seen many professional
quality games that I believe are worthy
of praise. The most notable of these are
Doodle Bug , Starfire , and 3-D

Brickaway.

Doodle Bug

In Doodle Bug , you move a hungry
ladybug through a maze lined with dots
while avoiding the predatory insects.
Sounds a lot like Pac-Man, right? Well it
is, and it isn’t. The main difference be-
tween Pac-Man and Doodle Bug is that
the former doesn’t have rotating turn-
stiles. And what a difference they make!

Doodle Bug is an adaptation of Lady-
Bug, a coin-op arcade game by Univer-
sal. The object of Doodle Bug is to clean
out maze after maze of dots. There are
other special elements scattered ran-
domly in the corridors that can bring ex-
tra points of death. These include:
hearts, letters, and skulls.

Doodle Bug is controlled with the joy-
stick, and responds remarkably well to
the slightest movement of the stick.
After you have the game loaded and
running, you never have to touch the
keyboard unless you want to freeze the
action, or abort the game in play.

One thing I really like about Doodle
Bug is that the computer screen actually

Owen Linzmayer

looks like a real arcade game, rather
than a computer adaptation. Doodle Bug
features four colors, and the highest
resolution graphics I have seen on any
Color Computer game. The graphics are
very detailed, but the animation of the
bugs is slightly jumpy.

One or two people can compete for
high scores. Using the right joystick, you
choose the number (3-6) of ladybugs
with which you wish to begin the game.

creative computing

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Doodle Bug
Type: Arcade

System: 16K TRS-80 Color
Computer
Format: Tape/disk
Language: Assembly
Summary: Adaptation of Lady Bug,
coin-op game from Universal
Price: 524.95/S29.95
Manufacturer:

Computerware

4403 Manchester Ave., Box 668
Encinitas, CA 92024
(714) 436-3512

This allows for both long and short
games.

David Crandall, author of Doodle
Bug , has done an excellent job of
converting LadyBug to the Color Com-
puter. The only change I would like to
see made would be to have the aggres-
sive bugs become quicker as the game
goes on as they do in the arcade game.
As it stands now, the speed of all of the
elements remains constant throughout
the game. Nevertheless, Doodle Bug is
challenging and a very good buy.

Starfire

Starfire is a colorful machine language
game that combines hi-res graphics and
interesting sound effects to create a very
playable Color Computer version of the
popular arcade game Defender. For the
benefit of anyone unfamiliar with De-
fender, a brief description is in order.

In Starfire , as in Defender, you guide
a multi-directional space fighter over the
surface of an alien planet. Your goal is
to protect the helpless people who
pepper the planet’s surface.

Although the packaging of the soft-
ware is rather poor, it does not reflect
the quality of the game itself. Included
with the tape or disk is a single page of
documentation which describes the con-
trols, explains loading instructions, and
gives strategy hints.

162

March 1983 c Creative Computing

We Wrote the Book on
Educational Software

More Than 200 Pages
Of Software Listings
For TRS-80' Computers —
Over 800 Listings in All!

Only 4 95

In the rapidly expanding world of educa-
tional computing, where can you turn for
information on the hundreds of available
programs? What subjects and what grade
levels are covered? What instructional tech-
niques do they use?

As Bill Gattis, director of our Education Divi-
sion, puts it, These were the types of ques-
tions not answered in other educational
software directories or in typical magazine
courseware reviews. To find the answers,
we solicited information from the hundreds
of software publishers in the educational
market and compiled their responses into
the Educational Software Sourcebook.”

The Sourcebook is the most complete list of
information on educational program offer-
ings for the TRS-80 line of microcomputers.
Each listing contains a brief description of
the programs content, plus its grade level,
instructional technique used, hardware
required, price and ordering information.
In many cases it also includes a “user-
reference." This makes it easy for you to find

out more about the program from a school
or district currently using it.

The Sourcebook contains a complete sub-
ject and grade level index to make finding
the programs you need as easy as possible.
And it is only $4.95. You can pick up a copy
of the Sourcebook at any Radio Shack
Computer Center, store or participating
dealer. For more information, contact one of
our Radio Shack Educational Coordinators.

For the name of the full-time Educa-
tional Coordinator in yotir area, call
Radio Shack’s Education Division
at 800-433-5682 toll-free. In Texas,
call 800-772-8538.

Radio /hade

The biggest name in little computers "'

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CIRCLE 241 ON READER SERVICE CARD

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CIRCLE 129 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Color Computer Games, Continued...

Starfire uses keyboard controls. Some
of the other Color Computer versions of
Defender I have seen use the joystick
and all of them are much more difficult

creative computing

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Starfire
Type: Arcade

System: 16K TRS-80 Color
Computer
Format: Tape/disk
Language: Assembly
Summary: Adaptation of Defender,
coin-op game.

Price: $21.95/526.95
Manufacturer:

Intellitronics
22 Churchill Lane
Smithtown, NY 11787
(516) 543-6642

to control. If a coin-op game uses but-
tons, then the computer adaptation
should use the keyboard, rather than the
imprecise Radio Shack joysticks. The
only problem with the keyboard controls
is that the up and down keys (2 and Z)
are too far apart.

The screen consists of three separate
displays. In the upper left-hand comer is
the score box. In addition to the on-
screen scoring, there is a graphic display
of the number of ships and smart bombs
you have left. Located in the upper right
is a small radar screen to help you plan
your assault on the aliens before they
show up on your viewer.

The main portion of the screen is de-
voted to the playfield. On the playfield
you see your ship, the ground below, and

any invaders that happen to be within
firing distance. The scrolling of the land-
scape is extremely smooth and the alien
movements are equally non-jumpy.

Starfire is an excellent adaptation of
Williams’s arcade classic. If you enjoy
Defender, then this program is for you. I
am pleased to report that Starfire is one
of the first programs that uses all of the
neat functions of the TRS-80 Color
Computer. I hope that Intellitronics will
introduce more games of this high stan-
dard. I truly enjoyed “reviewing” this
game, and I suspect you will be equally
pleased.

3-D Brickaway

Soon after joining the local YMCA
last year, I took up a new sport,
racquetball. Ever since I began playing, I
have wondered if it would be possible to
write a computerized game of
racquetball. My question has been an-
swered. 3-D Brickaway is a variation of
Breakout that is very similar to a single-
player racquetball game.

The computer screen shows a three-
dimensional view of five walls. The wall
at the far end of the court is broken up

into 40 tiles that must be knocked out.
You begin each game with five balls.
Pressing the fire button on the joystick
places a ball into play.

As the ball travels downcourt, its size
decreases, giving the illusion of depth.
When the ball hits a wall, it bounces off

creative conepafciRg

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: 3-D Brickaway
Type: Arcade/simulation
System: 16K TRS-80 Color
Computer
Format: Tape
Language: Assembly
Summary: Computerized racquetball
Price: $14
Manufacturer:

Britt Monk, CDP
Box 802

Elyria, OH 44036

at logical angles. If the ball strikes a
filled-in portion of the back wall, that
tile is knocked out.

To hit the ball, you must manage to
keep it in sight through the racquet. If
you can do this, you will never have a
problem returning the ball. There are
two ways to hit the ball: simple deflec-
tion and power hit. A simple deflection
occurs when the ball hits the paddle and
bounces off wildly. For a power hit, you
must have the fire button depressed. If
you do this, you have more control of
the ball, but its velocity increases.

The graphics in 3-D Brickaway are
high-resolution, but not very colorful.
The movement of the ball is not as
smooth as it could be; this is a case in
which graphics were sacrificed for

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165

March 1983 c Creative Computing

Color Computer Games, continued...

playability. The paddle responds quickly
to the joystick controls, allowing you to
get from one comer of the screen to the
other in the blink of an eye.

3-D Brickaway is more than a game, it
is an example of how three-dimensional
graphics can be used on the Color Com-
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computer screen, but 3-D Brickaway is
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reasonably priced.

Donkey King

In the world of arcade games, 1982
was the year of Donkey Kong. Virtually
no computer or home video game system
is without a program that resembles the
original coin-op game. Now, from Tom
Mix Software, there is Donkey King for
the TRS-80 Color Computer.

After evaluating many programs that
run on the TRS-80 Color Computer, I
had concluded that, at best, the Color

r — i

creative computing

SOFTWARE PROFILE
Name: Donkey King
Type: Arcade

System: 32K TRS-80 Color
Computer
Format: Tape/disk
Language: Assembly
Summary: The best arcade game
available for the TRS-80 CC
Price: $24.95/527.95
Manufacturer:

Tom Mix Software
3424 College N.E.

Grand Rapids, MI 49505

Computer was capable of playing only
mediocre games; programs of redeeming
entertainment values were few and far
between. But Donkey King has changed
all that. It is absolutely the best arcade
game written for the Color Computer.

In Donkey King , as in Donkey Kong,
you portray Mario the Jumpman. It is
your mission to rescue your girlfriend
from the sinister clutches of a nasty ape.
In your struggle to succeed, you must
scuffle about on metal skyscrapers, jump
elevators, and avoid fireballs. The path
to the top is a hard one indeed.

Donkey King takes up a tremendous
amount of memory (32K). This is be-
cause it has all four screens, like the
original coin-op game, in one large pro-
gram. The popular ColecoVision car-
tridge of Donkey Kong has only the first
three screens. Not only does Donkey
King have all of the boards, it presents
them in the same sequence in which they
appear in the coin-op game.

One or two players can compete
alternating turns. There are two game
modes: regular and practice. If you
choose the standard game, you begin
with three men at your command. The
practice mode gives you 12 lives. This
may seem like a lot, but believe me, they
sure don't last long.

The screens are almost identical to
those of Donkey Kong, and the game
plays similarly. Moving your joystick
causes Mario to move around, and
pressing the action button makes him
jump in the direction he was running.
Donkey King is one of the only Color
Computer games that effectively uses the
unfortunate Radio Shack joystick
controllers.

The graphics of Donkey King are hi-
res and about as colorful as any Color

Computer game on the market. The
animation of the elements is very
professional — everything moves

smoothly with very little flickering.

Donkey King has everything the ar-
cade game has except an “insert coin”
message. The sound effects are very
good for the Color Computer, and every
audio effect of the video game has been
woven into this impressive program.

The one complaint I have about the
game is that it becomes far too difficult
too quickly. I have played many games
in the practice mode, and rarely do I get
to the fourth and final board (keep in

mind that you get 12 men in the practice
mode). The program would be greatly
enhanced by selectable difficulty levels.
As it stands, you often feel that your de-
mise was not the direct result of your ac-
tions, but rather of the cruelty of the
program.

It is difficult for me to communicate
just how impressive Donkey King is. If I
had to pick one program to show off the
Color Computer, Donkey King would be
it. If you call yourself a serious
gameplayer, you can’t afford to be with-
out Donkey King — it alone sits on the
game software throne. □

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March 1983 c Creative Computing

CIRCLE 150 ON READER SERVICE CARD
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Jen and the Crystal.

rk Crystal is an amazing amalgam.
Though it is an original, it doubtless
shares elements of Lucas* Star Wars ,
Williams* Masquerade , and Tolkien’s
Lord of the Rings, It is fantasy adventure
and mythic fable; it is the story both of a
world and of a boy. It is a film, a micro-
computer program, a record, at least
three books, toys, even fashions. Oh yes,
and it is the latest gift from the main
Muppet at Muppet control, Jim Henson.

Who is better qualified, when you
come right down to it, to bring a full-
fledged fantasy adventure to a mass
audience than Jim Henson, Frank Oz,
and the other inspired folks who have
been packaging fantasy for years now?
That they are puppeteers is certainly
true, but it is less than the whole truth.
They are illusionists, purveyors of
pretending, and they focus all their en-
ergies on bringing rich imaginary worlds
to utter, teeming, show-stopping life.

Henson claims that the project has
been in some stage of development for
the past five years, but I know better. I
can clearly trace its inception to an ex-
tremely motley gaggle of monsters, more
seedy than scary, an unnamed troupe I
can only describe as the “Not Ready for
Prime-Time Muppets.” They occa-
sionally inhabited the old Saturday
Night Live program in its heydey (when
it was funny), back in 1975 or so. In the
few moments per episode they appeared,
they invariably stole the show.

The leader of the group was Scred, a
snaggle-toothed, baggy-eyed reptile of
indiscriminate origins, who looked for
all the world like he had smoked too
many insects before going on. His world
was one of fractured myth, where stone
idols shrugged in embarrassed indif-
ference, while helmeted sidekicks evoked
peculiar Norse legends. Beside his
charismatic anti-hero personality, the
most magnetic thing about Scred was his
gaze: his eyeballs were positively real.
And this was a germ of things to come, a
breakthrough of sorts. Scred’s eyes were
not of felt or plastic, but rather of glass;
they had come from a taxidermist.

The legacy of Scred lives on in the
icky Skeksis of the Dark Crystal , from
the reptilian gaze to the “sk** sound in
their names. And for all his seventies
cynicism, Scred should be very proud to
have figured into the ancestry of such a
project.

In 1977, Henson took another step to-
ward realizing his ambitious goal. He be-
came aware of the work of fantasy artist

The author wishes to extend his gratitude
to Mary Ann Horst meyer and Maureen
Ruddy of Henson Associates for their gra-
cious help.

March 1983 ° Creative Computing

Brian Froud, and was immediately con-
vinced that Froud was the only person
who could bring to fruition the charac-
ters and world growing in Henson’s
mind. Froud saw that Henson was the
one person who could imbue Fraud’s
creations with life. And so a fortuitous
partnership was met — one that I hope
will not be disbanded for some time to
come.

Another milestone for the project can
be accurately marked in 1979, when
Frank Oz brought the character of Yoda
to The Empire Strikes Back. This
partnership brought Henson Associates
into contact with Gary Kurtz, producer
of the Star Wars films, and now of Dark
Crystal. In the following year, when
Yoda proved to be not only the major
star of Empire but the most bankable
star in Hoilywood, it became apparent
that audiences were ready for the kind of
fantasy Henson wanted to provide. An-

Jen and a Mystic.

other upstartish director also took note
of this: Steven Spielberg. He made E. T.
into the Yoda of *82 — in fact, he even
acknowledges his debt in the film.

Henson’s philosophic underpinning is
not mysterious. He states it in rather
straightforward terms through his
alterego, Kermit, at the climax of The
Muppet Movie. Though I cannot remem-
ber the exact lyrics of the finale, the gist
is along the following lines: “Hey,”
Kermit says, “you’ve been watching a
bunch of felt, wire, and trickery for the
past two hours, and were swept into
what you saw. This is important, be-
cause it proves that you can still pretend,
and that is something we should always
be able to do. That is what keeps us
young.”

Nestled, one might even say camou-
flaged , unobtrusively in a fashionable
cluster of townhouses on New York’s
Upper East Side, is the home of Henson
Associates. The location fits perfectly

169

into the Muppet scheme of things, and
has successfully made the transition
from opulent mansion to vital, inviting
workplace. There I met with the Henson
folks, along with Chris Cerf and Roberta
and Ken Williams, to talk about the
microcomputer version of Dark Crystal.

Hobby microcomputer's are by and
large no strangers to adventure fantasy;
for some, it is the prevalent type of pro-
gram run on their machines. I wrote
about technical advances in the graphic
adventure in the August 1982 issue of
Creative Computing. While the micro-
computer adventure is still not quite as
popular as other fictional forms, I assert
that it is only a matter of time until it
emerges alongside the novel, short story,
and film as a storytelling medium. You
heard it here first, folks.

Further, it will flourish due to its
unique, involving, interactive nature.
You do not merely observe the action.

you are a part of it. Your decisions affect
the outcome. Your actions count.

Ken and Roberta Williams, the driv-
ing force behind Sierra On-Line, are no
strangers to the adventure form either.
They developed some of its most popular
titles, including Wizard and the Princess ,
and the epic Time Zone , which has al-
ready achieved classic status. Nor is
Chris Cerf a novice. He is the writer,
publisher, and microcomputer afficio-
nado who has worked with Roberta to
develop the graphic adventure Dark
Crystal.

Don’t misunderstand. I’m not saying
that computer games using the names
and some imagery from popular films
are a new thing. But all of the stuff we’ve
seen so far has come out long after the
fact, and has built an arcade-style
“twitch” game out of a few concepts
from a film. Dark Crystal is the first
work to be released simultaneously as
film and computer program; and is the

® Henson Assoc, inc. 1982

c Henson Assoc. Inc. 1982. c Henson Assoc. Inc. 1982 c Henson Assoc. Inc 1982.

Aughras Observatory.

Historian Skeksis.

Jen and the Skeksis Chamberlain.

first computer adventure to be based on
a feature film.

The Plot Thickens

The Dark Crystal is sure to gain cult
status in short order. It is the story of a
world with three suns, a world once
inhabited by three races: the urSkeks,
the Gelfings, and the Pod people. They
coexisted peacefully and productively,
governed by a huge, glowing crystal,
which ensured their well-being.

Every thousand years the three suns
would come together, and a kind of re-
birth would take place in the light of a
Great Conjunction. But something hap-
pened a thousand years ago, at the time
of the last conjunction. The urSkeks
schizophrenically split into two separate
and opposite beings: the urRu — wise, if
passive philosophers — and the Skeksis —

Aughra, Keeper of Secrets.

evil, monstrous tyrants. The Skeksis
seized control of the Crystal, and with it,
control of the planet. A piece of the crys-
tal itself broke off, and the remaining
part darkened. Gelfling prophecy held
that the missing shard could be replaced
only during the next conjunction, and
only by a Gelfling, if the Skeksis were to
be destroyed. They would otherwise rule
forever.

The Skeksis took what they saw to be
positive action to defuse the prophecy:
they undertook to kill every Gelfling on
the planet. And they very nearly suc-
ceeded. With the exception of Jen, raised
by the urRu, and Kira, raised by the Pod
People, every Gelfling on the planet was
murdered. As the banquet scene will
verify, the Skeksis simply aren't the kind
of folks you invite for dinner.

Jen, of course, is the great Gelfling
hope, and with Kira's help, attempts to
realize the ancient prophecy. They en-

March 1983 c Creative Computing

170

c Henson Assoc. Inc. 1982.

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CIRCLE 112 ON READER SERVICE CARO

The Dark Crystal by Brian Froud. An urRu by Brian Fraud.

counter many strange beings, as well as
puzzles, dangers, and mysteries en route.

One of these is Aughra, the sorceress,
played by Frank Oz. Oz has emerged as
perhaps an even more phenomenal pup-
peteer than Henson himself. His
characterizations of Miss Piggy and
Fozzy Bear have brought the name Oz a
new meaning worldwide. When Yoda’s
nose twitched reflexively, when his brow
crinkled in thought, Frank Oz was ply-
ing his trade.

Henson and Froud have worked to
present a world as rich in complexity
and detail as possible. Some shots of
only seconds in length took days to pro-

duce. This is what makes the world of
the Dark Crystal truly a world. The same
kind of magic that brought you Kermit

SkekUng the Garthim-Master by Froud.

Kira on a Landstrider by Froud. SkekZok the Ritual-Master by Froud.

Gelfling Heiroglyphs by Brian Froud.

on a bicycle and Fozzy at the wheel,
here brings you good versus evil on a
grand scale.

The microcomputer adventure version
of the Dark Crystal takes place in ex-
actly this same world, though some very
new challenges are offered. You are Jen,
and your goal is restoration of the crys-
tal. Knowledge of the film will help you
along the way, but the action has new
depths and new levels of complexity.
Certainly the richness of detail that the
film affords will heighten the sense of
magic you experience while playing the
computer version.

Creating graphic adventures has be-

SkekEkt the Omamentalist by Froud.

March 1983 e Creative Computing

172

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LE 209 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Ken and Roberta Williams .

come nearly second nature for Roberta
Williams. The Dark Crystal project took
her a little over a month. “It was easier
because the map was mostly already
there,” she says, “though we’ve added
some surprises.” Asking her what comes
first in game development is like asking
about chickens and eggs. “It evolves as
I’m building it. New possibilities always

pop up. The toughest thing sometimes is
deciding what to put in and what to
leave out, because so much could be
there.”

Roberta works all her plans out on
paper — sometimes huge sheets of wrap-
ping paper — with all sorts of notes head-
ing off in all sorts of directions. No other
human being can make much out of

what is there — not without training,
anyway. When I asked her why she
didn’t use a word processor or database
package to help with game development,
she chuckled. “I guess computers still
intimidate me a little bit. I’d just rather
work it out on paper.”

Ken spoke of how a tiny family busi-
ness has grown in three short years.
“There was a time when the idea of hir-
ing programmers just for translation
would have been unthinkable. Right
now we’re putting a big emphasis on

Preliminary screen art for the micro-
computer adventure.

program translation,” he says. “We in-
tend Dark Crystal to be available for the
Apple, Atari, IBM, and Commodore 64
machines. We are also translating many
of our other popular games. The demand
is there.”

Dark Crystal is destined to introduce
thousands of computer users to the
realm of the computer adventure. I can-
not think of any collaboration that could
have done nearly as well in the task. To
the newcomers drawn to adventuring via
Dark Crystal: Welcome, and hold on to
your hats. The adventure has really just
begun. □

March 1983 c Creative Computing

Cerf s Up

Chris Cerf is a renaissance man. He
is not only a writer, editor, and pub-
lisher (son of the late Bennett Cerf),
but the man who got Jim Henson and
Frank Oz excited about microcomput-
ers. Both men told me of their interests
in the field — Oz is close to purchasing
a micro.

When you meet Chris, you realize
how infectious his enthusiasm can be.
As a frequent contributor of material
for TV’s Sesame Street , the possibilities
of microcomputers in education look
especially promising to him. As does
the general literary potential of the
medium.

“The adventure is a perfect way to
get ‘humanities types’ into computers,”
he says. “Especially the ones lacking in
hand-eye skills.” One of his jobs at
Henson is to act as a bridge between
the raw talent on both philosophic
banks of the river: those who are
strong in programming, and those who
are strong in verbal skills. “People like
Roberta Williams are quite rare. Most
adventures around today are turned
out by folks who are programmers, not
writers by any means. I’m working to
change that.”

“I’d like to coax some humor into
the form as well,” says Cerf. “The

adventure can become a literary me-
dium.” He states that storyline, as well
as sound and graphics in an adventure
program, can achieve a sophistication
far beyond anything yet seen.

This bodes well for education as
well, according to Cerf. “Adventures
prompt familiarity with the keyboard,
with textual material, with creative
problem-solving, as well as making the
user feel a part of what is going on,
rather than a mere observer.”

He showed me some promising
preliminary results of photographically
digitized images, and predicted that the
photographic approach would even-
tually replace the current “graphics
tablet” approach to adventure graph-
ics. It saves work, as original art can be
digitized directly instead of being te-
diously redrawn. And the results can
actually be superior. The current dis-
advantage is extra memory cost per im-
age. Cerf is undaunted. “We’ll get it
right.”

As for the place of the videodisc in
all this, Cerf is only a bit less optimis-
tic. He points out that the cost of
mastering a disk remains prohibitive.
“It will happen,” he predicts. “But we

may be talking about ten years from
**

174

® Copyright 1982. Henson Org. /Sierra On-Line.

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How To Solve It— With The Computer

Beyond Turtle Graphics

Donald T. Piele

When I run across an interesting computer program while
browsing through the pages of a computer book or maga-
zine, I often stop and wonder, “Yes, the program seems to
work; it appears to be correct. But how can I write such a
program myself?” Sometimes the author supplies hints on
how the program works by identifying regions of the pro-
gram where important things happen.

By studying other people’s programs, I frequently pick up
new programming strategies and techniques to tuck away
for use at another time and place. The most important ideas
are usually very simple and packaged in small bundles. They
represent little kernels of code that handle some very big
tasks.

Mathematicians create new structures in the same way.
They approach problems by defining new objects, creating
and proving small packages of relationships called lemmas,
and then posing and proving new theorems by fitting the
parts together. The primary reason that mathematics is
considered a necessary component of formal education is
that it teaches people to organize and attack problems in a
structured way.

“Top Down’’ structured programming, which we hear so
much about today in the context of computer programming,
is not new at all to mathematicians. They have been doing it
for centuries. Euclid’s Elements, one of the greatest in-
fluences on the development of scientific thinking, is primar-
ily known for its skillful selection of propositions and their

Donald T. Pick, University of Wisconsin-Parkside. Box 2000, Kenosha. WI
53141.

arrangement into a logical order. Much of the material
found in today’s high school plane and solid geometry texts
came from this work.

What is different today is that computers have dramati-
cally expanded our options for teaching how to organize and
solve problems in a structured way. We are beginning to see
new languages and curriculum materials whose major func-
tion is to teach analytical reasoning skills through the use of
structured programming exercises. One such language that
has drawn considerable attention lately is Logo, which was
developed under the direction of Seymour Papert at MIT.

Much has been written lately about the problem solving
ability of Logo [3,4]. The emphasis in all of these writings is
on teaching problem solving using Turtle graphics. There is
no question about the effectiveness of Logo in this area. I
have tried it, teachers have tried it, kids have tried it, and we
all love it. But what is Logo like beyond Turtle graphics?

This month, I would like to examine a non-graphics prob-
lem using the Logo language. Armed with the Apple Logo
reference manual and Harold Abelson’s book, Apple Logo , I
decided to tackle a problem involving the generation and
display of factorials.

Small Factorials

The only place an exclamation point is used in mathemat-
ics is to indicate a factorial. For example, 4!, read as “fac-
torial four,” is defined to be the product 4x3x2xl, which
equals 24. A deck of 52 cards can be dealt out in 52! or
80,658,175,170,943,878,571,660,636,856,403,766,
975,289,505,440,883,277,824,000,000,000,000 ways to be ex-
act. How do you write a program to generate factorials?

March 1983 c Creative Computing

180

How to Solve It, continued...

Listing 1.

TO BEGIN

TYPE CENTER A WHOLE NUMBER-3
MAKE "N FIRST READL 1ST
MAKE M FACTORIAL 1
(TYPE : N C'-3>

LOOP 1
END

TO LOOP « I

MAKE "FACTORIAL : FACTORIAL * *1
IF II ■ IN C PR I NT x FACTORIAL
STOP 3

LOOP x I ♦ 1
END

First examine the following Basic factorial program.

10 PRINT "SMALL FACTORIALS"

20 INPUT "ENTER A WHOLE NUMBER- "?N
30 FACTRIAL = 1
40 FOR I * 1 TO N
50 FACTRIAL « FACTRIAL* I
60 NEXT I

70 PRINT NX " '«"XFACTRIAL
80 END

Type it in and run it for N = 12 and N=13.

SMALL FACTORIALS
ENTER A WHOLE NUMBER- 12

12 '*479001600

ENTER A WHOLE NUMBER- 13

13 ! *6. 2270208E+09

The two procedures in Listing 1 are written in Apple
Logo. The LOOP procedure is equivalent to lines 30 to 60 in
the Basic program. Type in both procedures and then type
BEGIN. Everything about the Logo program including the
nine-place precision and the termination between 33! and 34!
is identical to the Applesoft Basic program.

There is a better way to solve this problem in Logo by tak-
ing advantage of its natural recursive structure. A recursive
procedure is one that calls itself. Factorials are easy to define
recursively. For example if we set FACTORIAL (N) = N!
then

FACTORIAL (N) * N x FACTORIAL (N-l)

and

FACTORIAL (1) - 1

completely define FACTORIAL (N). This procedure can be
implemented in Logo as follows:

TO FACTORIAL :N
IF SN = 1 COUTPUT 1 STOP 3
OUTPUT SN * FACTORIAL SN - 1
END

Notice that the above procedure has no provision for be-
ing precise beyond nine digits. This causes the switch to
scientific notation between 12! and 13!. Try running the pro-
gram for N = 33 and N = 34. On the Apple II you will set an
overflow error for N = 34 since 34! has more than 38
digits — the limit for real numbers in Applesoft.

Now let’s take a look at the same problem solved in two
different ways using Logo. The first program follows the
same logic used in the Basic program. The second version is
recursive. Two procedures need to be defined.

Replace LOOP 1 in the BEGIN procedure with the line
PRINT FACTORIAL :N. Now type BEGIN to use the
recursive version.

Large Factorials

The built-in precision of Basic and Logo is not good
enough to display all the digits in N! for large N. How can
we correct this problem and generate large factorials with all
their digits intact?

Let’s begin by writing a Basic program that will print out
N! for any whole number N up to 500. See Listing 2.

Listing 2.

10 PRINT "LARGE FACTORIALS"

20 INPUT "ENTER A WHOLE NUMBER "XN
30 DIM A%( 3*N)

40 DIGIT - 1 X CARRY - O
50 AX(1>*1

60 FOR I«2 TO N
70 FOR J«1 TO DIGIT

80 A7.( J)»A7.< J)*I ♦ CARRY

90 CARRY * I NT ( A%( J) / 10)

100 A7.(J)=AX(J> - 10 * CARRY

110 NEXT J

120 IF CARRY > 0 THEN C = INT ( CARRY/ 1 0 ) X

DIGIT-DIGIT ♦ lx
AX (DIGIT) =C ARR Y - 10*C:
CARRY ^ Cx GOTO 120

130 CARRY * O

140 NEXT I

145 PRINT NX " »*"X

150 FOR I * DIGIT TO 1 STEP -1

160 PRINT A7.(I)X

170 NEXT I

180 END

The 68 digits (shown earlier) that constitute 52!, took
about 45 seconds to generate with this program. The al-
gorithm is exactly what one would use if one had to do it by
hand with paper and pencil — simply multiply I * (I- 1 )! for I
= 1 to N. The loop between lines 70 and 1 10 takes care of
the digit by digit multiplication, keeping track of the quo-

181

March 1983 c Creative Computing

How to Solve It, continued...

tients, the carries, and the remainders. The array A%( )
holds the digits of the current value of the factorial. The
least significant digit is held in A%(1) and the most signifi-
cant digit is in A%(DIGIT). The procedure in line 120
makes sure that the value of the carry does not get out of
hand. Finally, lines 145 to 170 print out the digits of the an-
swer in proper order.

Logo Version

Instead of defining arrays, Logo uses words. Table 1
shows exactly what response you get to the corresponding
commands in Logo in the immediate mode.

Command

Response

Table 1.

PRINT WORD 1 2
PRINT FIRST WORD 1 2
PRINT LAST WORD 1 2
MAKE "A WORD 1 2
PRINT I A

MAKE “A (WORD 123)
PRINT SA
PRINT LAST SA
PRINT BUTLAST :A
PRINT LAST BUTLAST :A

12

1

2

12

123

3

12

2

The last step in each multiplication is to add on any carry
that occurs in the multiplication of the most significant digit
(the one to the extreme left). This leads us to the
SOLUTION.

TO SOLUTION

IF SCARRY = 0 [OUTPUT s ANSWER STOP 3
MAKE "ANSWER WORD SCARRY s ANSWER
OUTPUT s ANSWER
END

If we type in these procedures, then fype BEGIN, and fi-
nally enter the whole number 52, it takes 2 minutes and 45
seconds to compute 52!. Try it!

Factorial Oddities

One of the reasons that I picked the multiple precision
factorial problem for investigation was the intriguing de-
signs that can be made with them. In Martin Gardner’s
book, Mathematical Magic Show [2], a chapter is devoted to
factorial designs printed out in the shape of triangles, hexa-
gons, and octagons. For example, 105! has 169 digits in the
answer which can be displayed in triangular form.

PRINT 13 * 3 39

PRINT QUOTIENT 39 10 3

PRINT REMAINDER 39 10 9

The digits of a large factorial can be stored together in
proper order as a word . Each digit can be isolated with
LAST BUTLAST; products can be formed with * and in-
dividual digits separated with QUOTIENT and REMAIN-
DER. To solve the problem in Logo, break it up into the
following five procedures; BEGIN, FACTORIAL, MUL-
TIPLY, LONGHAND, and SOLUTION.

105 •« 1

081
39675
8240290
900504101
30580032964
9720646107774
902579144176636
57322653 1 909905 l 5
3326984536526808240
33977639893487202965 7
99387290781343681609728
0000000000000000000000000

TO BEGIN

PRINT CLARGE FACTORIALS 3
TYPE [ENTER A WHOLE NUMBER -3
MAKE "N FIRST READLIST
(TYPE :N [*«3 FACTORIAL :N>

PRINT "

END

This procedure is the same one used in the limited
version.

TO FACTORIAL *N

IF *N * 1 [OUTPUT 1 STOP 3

OUTPUT MULTIPLY IN FACTORIAL IN - 1

END

This procedure is recursive and similar to the one used be-
fore. Now, however, the multiplication must be
constructed — hence the procedure MULTIPLY.

TO MULTIPLY IN IB

MAKE "CARRY O MAKE "ANSWER "

OUTPUT LONGHAND IN :B
END

Each time we make a multiplication, we must start over
with an empty answer and a zero for the carry. Now we are
ready to perform the multiplication by LONGHAND.

TO LONGHAND IN iB
IF SB = " [OUTPUT SOLUTION STOP 3
MAKE "TEMP I CARRY ♦ :N * LAST IB
MAKE "CARRY QUOTIENT s TEMP 10
MAKE "DIGIT REMAINDER i TEMP 10
MAKE "ANSWER WORD s DIGIT s ANSWER
OUTPUT LONGHAND :N BUTLAST :B
END

Obviously, only certain factorials can be displayed this
way. Which ones are they? If the number of digits in the fac-
torial is a perfect square then it can be printed as a triangle.
The factorial for 105 has 169 digits which is a perfect square
(169 = 13*13). Other factorials whose digital count is a per-
fect square are listed in Table 2.

Table 2.

Factorials 7 12 18 32 59 81 105 132 228 ..

Number

of Disits 49 16 36 81 121 169 225 441 ..

What changes are necessary to the Basic program to print
out factorials in triangular form? Here is one way to figure
it.

First, compute the place where a line feed is needed. It is
necessary after printing a single digit and then after printing
three more, five more, seven more and so on. This can be
handled with a simple loop that counts up to 2*ROW - 1 for
each row.

Second, use the ROW number in tabbing over the correct
number of places, HTAB 20 - ROW. The following changes
to the printout routine of the Basic program will do the
trick.

148 1*0

150 FOR ROW * 1 TO N
160 HTAB 20 - ROW
170 FOR J*1 TO 2*R0W - 1

180 1*1+1

190 PRINT A7.(D-I + 1M

200 IF I *D THEN END

210 NEXT J

220 PRINT
230 NEXT ROW

182

March 1983 c Creative Computing

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CIRCLE 206 ON READER SERVICE CARD

How to Solve It, continued...

Of course the 20 in HTAB 20 - ROW is designed to han-
dle factorials up to 40 rows long. By the way, it took 3 min-
utes and 45 seconds to compute 105! in Basic.

Logo’s Turn

There are no built-in formatting procedures in Logo. You
must create your own. I broke the problem down into three
procedures: PRINTOUT, HTAB, AND PRINTROW.

TO PRINTOUT : SOLUTION : ROW
IF : SOLUTION « " [PRINT M STOP]

HTAB 20 -sROW

PRINTROW (2 * SROW) - 1

PRINTOUT : SOLUTION sROW ♦ 1

Again, printing out the triangles requires tabbing over 20
- :ROW for each row and then printing (2 * :ROW) - 1 dig-
its from the solution. To do this we must know how to
HTAB.

TO HTAB SX

IF IX * O [TYPE " STOP]

TYPE "\

HTAB SX - 1
END

This procedure is equivalent to the Applesoft HTAB com-
mand. The third line (TYPE “\) must be typed in as

TYPE "Ccontrol Q>< >.

This means that after the quote sign, type the Q with the
control key down and then make one space with the space
bar. The last procedure is PRINTROW.

TO PRINTROW SX

IF SX ■ 0 [PRINT H STOP]

IF s SOLUTION - " [PRINT " STOP]

TYPE FIRST s SOLUTION

MAKE -SOLUTION BUTFIRST s SOLUTION

PRINTROW SX - 1

END

This procedure is needed to printout out the digits in each
row.

We are now ready to incorporate the PRINTOUT proce-
dure into the previous procedures used for generating the
factorials. To do this we need to change two lines in the BE-
GIN procedure.

to begin becomes to begin

(TYPE SN [•«] FACTORIAL SN> (PRINT SN [••]>

PRINT H PRINTOUT FACTORIAL SN 1

Type in these procedures and then BEGIN again. If you
want to see the printout of 105!, it will take 21 minutes.

Conclusion

One can expect, as a matter of course, that learning a new
computer language will take some time. This was certainly
true in my case, because I spent the better part of two days
working through the Logo procedures to be able to compute
and display large factorials. This was a little surprising to
me since my experience with the Turtle graphics portion of
Logo had been so easy. Even young children find the Logo
Turtle graphics easy to use. Beyond Turtle graphics is a dif-
ferent story.

In the introduction to Abelson’s book, he writes, “Logo’s
designers are guided by the vision of an educational tool
with no threshold and no ceiling. We try to make it possible
for even young children to control the computer in self-di-
rected ways, even at their very first exposure to Logo. At the
same time, we believe that Logo should be a general purpose

March 1983 c Creative Computing

184

programming system of considerable power and wealth of
expression. In fact, we regard these two goals as com-
plementary rather than conflicting, since it is the very lack
of expressive power of primitive languages such as Basic
that makes it difficult for beginners to write simple pro-
grams that do interesting things.”

I am just a beginner with the Logo language and clearly
have much to learn yet, but, beyond Turtle graphics, I cer-
tainly cannot agree with Abelson’s statement. This is the
problem. People may assume, as I did, that since kids learn
so quickly to work with Logo’s Turtle that this ease will also
hold for non-graphics problems. I have not found this to be
true. Try it yourself with this or other non-graphics prob-
lems. Give it to your students to try.

The factorial problem is an example of only one out of
five types that we typically place on the International Com-
puter Solving Contest at the junior high level and above.
The problems we create touch a wide range of computer
problem solving skills which involve words, numbers,
simulations, graphics, and puzzles. Teams of up to three stu-
dents each have two hours to solve all five problems, using a
computer language of their choice. On the basis of my
experience with Logo thus far, I believe it would be very
difficult to compete using Logo.

I want to conclude on a very positive note. I enjoyed
working on this little problem solving exercise with Logo,
and I intend to continue to solve other problems with Logo.

I completely agree with the problem solving philosophy for
which this language was developed and so eloquently ex-
pressed in Seymour Papert’s book Mindstorms [3]. Finally,
my mind is not made up. I only hope the experts will begin
to show us how to use Logo beyond Turtle graphics.

References

1. Abelson, Harold. Apple Logo , Byte/McGraw-Hill,
Peterborough, NH, 1982.

2. Gardner, Martin. Mathematical Magic Show, Alfred A.
Knopf, New York, 1977.

3. Papert, Seymour. Mindstorms, Basic Books, Inc.,
Publishers, New York, 1980.

4. Watt, Molly. “What is Logo?” Creative Computing, Vol.
8, No. 10, October 1982, pp. 112-129.

5. Weinreb, \Villiam .“Problem Solving with Logo,” Byte,

Vol. 7, No. 1 1, November 1982, pp. 118-134. □

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March 1983 c Creative Computing

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Logo Ideas

Robert Lawler

Different Kinds of Variables

If a variable is defined outside of a Logo procedure, its value
can be changed by keyed commands or by executing any proce-
dure which refers to it. Such a variable is called a Global vari-
able. Now, if you store something in a box, generally you would
like it to remain there until you change the contents of the box.
You can't count on the contents of a global variable unless you
take special care to guard against unexpected references. One
way is to give your variables unusual names, e.g. [MAKE
“GRANDMOTHER’S.SHIN.BONE 3]. The reason not to use
unique variables is the difficulty of remembering what name
you assigned. A second technique is to “initialize” every vari-
able in every procedure before you refer to it. Doing this be-
comes a little tedious when you write lots of procedures. A
third method is to use local variables.

Local variables are defined only within the context of the
procedure which references them, so no procedure or keyboard
entry can alter the value of another procedure's local variables.
Further, local variables exist only within a specific execution
(or “instantiation") of a defined procedure. This convention of
the Logo language (and others as well) is central to the use of
input variables (and others) in recursion. Consider the proce-
dure below:

TO SQUARE : SIDES. LEFT
I F : S I DES . LEFT EQUAL 0 STOP
FORWARD 25 RIGHT 90
SQUARE : SIDES. LEFT - 1
end

When you key SQUARE 4, the Logo interpreter creates an
instantiation or copy of the SQUARE procedure for execution.
Let’s refer to it as 1 -SQUARE. The value of the corresponding
variable l-:SIDES-TO-GO is 4. When the third line of 1-
SQUARE executes, the Logo interpreter creates a second copy
of SQUARE; call it 2-SQUARE. What is the value of the
corresponding variable 2-:SIDES-TO-GO? The answer is three.
Executing 1-SQUARE, the Logo interpreter evaluates
1--.S1DES-TO-GO as 4 and subtracts one from it, then assigns
3 as the value for the variables 2-:SIDES-TO-GO. In successive,
recursions of SQUARE 4, this is what happens:

COPY

rSIDES.LEFT

ACTION

1-SQUARE

4

draw and turn

2-SQUARE

3

draw and turn

3-SQUARE

2

draw and turn

4-SQUARE

1

draw and turn

5-SQUARE

0

stop

The theoretician Dijkstra, inventor of the language Algol
and one of the pioneers in the development of programming.

Robert Lawler. Centre Mondial Informatique Et Resources Humaines. Paris. France.

March 1983 c Creative Computing

said that once you understood how variables are used in
programming, you understand the essence of programming.
We believe he was referring to local variables as used in recur-
sion when he said that. Understanding local variables has
become more important in the world of systems and commer-
cial programming as well with the use of “re-entrant" code in
operating systems. Many such systems have extensive sub-
routine libraries. When these subroutines use local variables
and observe other coding restrictions, they are re-entrant,
which means they can be used simultaneously by several
programs.

Variables and Abstraction

The Logo turtle can’t deal with abstractions. It must go for-
ward some specific amount or turn through some specific num-
ber of degrees. When you key FD :some-distance, the Logo
interpreter evaluates the symbolic name “some-distance"
(looks in the box or storage cell to determine its contents and
substitutes that contents for the expression :some-distance).

People apparently can deal with abstractions, but find prob-
lem solving easier when they don’t have to do so. Most often
when a new procedure is being written, people use specific op-
erand values, e.g. FD 100, which they later change to variable
form, such as FD :some-distance. The nature of the abstraction
involved is common to some other examples of mathematics as
well.

The famous mathematician Bourbaki describes the creation
of an axiomatic system as proceeding from the mathematician's
working out a series of theorems with very concrete examples
in mind and subsequently examining the inferences of his theo-
rems to define precisely which characteristics of his examples
were used by the theorems. In a third step, he redefines the set
of objects to which his axioms apply as that most general class
of objects having all those characteristics used in the theorems.
That is, he bases his generalization on the operations he per-
formed and not on a list of the characteristics of the example he
began with.

We stress that the process through which a child generalizes
a procedure after creating a concrete product with a concrete
precursor, this child’s play, is a particular kind of abstraction of
value in the most intellectual endeavors as well.

This mathematical form of abstraction is called reflexive
abstraction by Piaget, who sees the child creating his own mind
through processes of thought that are like those of Bourbaki’s
mathematician. This points to the most significant potential
impact of computer experience on children developing their
minds. Reflexive abstraction may become more “natural" to
them than what Piaget calls “Aristotelian abstraction"
(abstraction by feature selection and classification) with which
Piaget contrasts it. That is, children of the future may more of-
ten think like mathematicians than do children of today. □

187

A Program to Cast the I Ching

Michael Crichton is a graduate of
Harvard University and Harvard
Medical School. He worked briefly in
medical research while he pursued a
hobby that was later to become his
profession, writing.

The hallmark of his writing is
meticulous attention to detail — he is
sure of his facts, thus his stories are
eminently believable. Who could
doubt that The Great Train Robbery
and journey to Zinj (in Congo^ really
occurred, that a real Terminal Man
was (or is) running around somewhere
or that The Andromeda Strain is
about to infest the earth?

Crichton has turned his remarkable
mind and energy in many directions —
medicine, research, writing, filmmak-
ing and, most recently toward per-
sonal computers. His approach to
computerizing the prophecies of the I
Ching presented here follow in his tra-
dition of looking at a fascinating sub-
ject in meticulous detail with a liberal
dose of technology and imagination
thrown in. But this time the technol-
ogy is real (a computer). As for
imagination; well , see for
yourself. — DHA

Michael Crichton, Constant C Productions. 1750
14lh St., Suite C. Santa Monica. CA 90404.

Michael Crichton

Although it is at least 3000 years old,
the I Ching, a Chinese method of divina-
tion, employs what we would now call a
binary technique. In its simplest form,
three coins are tossed six times to create
a six-line figure of broken and unbroken

Those who consider
the methods of the I
Ching sacred may find
a computer a chilling
perversion of ancient
beliefs.

lines. This so-called hexagram is then
interpreted by consulting the I Ching, or
Book of Changes.

This Book is older than the Bible; tra-
dition dates its origin to 1120 B.C., five
hundred years before Confucius added
his commentaries. Over the centuries the
I Ching has been studied as a religious
text and a philosophical masterpiece.
But the I Ching is also unquestionably a

188

method for predicting the future, and
this aspect has received much attention
during the twentieth century.

It is fundamental to the I Ching that
the future can be understood in perpetu-
ally changing patterns of off/on, yes/no,
heads/tails, broken/unbroken. This bi-
nary aspect suggests the ancient tech-
nique is highly appropriate for
adaptation to a computer. One might
say that the I Ching treats reality the
same way a computer does.

This idea may horrify purists. Those
who consider the methods of the I Ching
sacred — properly conducted only with
ritual, incense, meditation and the com-
plex tossing of yarrow sticks — may find
a computer a chilling perversion of an-
cient beliefs.

But in fact there is no agreement on
what makes the system work. One mod-
ern expert, John Blofeld, while testifying
to the power of I Ching, denies any com-
prehension of how it works. Thus it is
perfectly possible that a computer could
cast the I Ching effectively.

For instance, one idea of the way the I
Ching works is that your unconscious
knows, through psi phenomena, how the
coins will turn up even before you throw
them, although your conscious mind re-
mains convinced the coin toss is “ran-
dom.” From this perspective, the I

March 1983 c Creative Computing

c

Which is

The Complete
Graphics System II

by Mark Pelczarski

for you ?

bv Mark Pelczarski and David L ubar

t

Complete Crap hies System is written for the non-
programmer interested in doing a wide variety of graphics
and design on the Apple computer. Included are options
for two dimensional drawing, with lines, circles, ellipses,
and an automatic l OS-color filling routine. Also, you can
mix text with graphics, with various colors, sizes, and
spacing, and easily create Apple shape tables. Three-
dimensional options allow you to draw, edit, and
manipulate 3-D objects in perspective — without having to
use coordinates. A 2-disk set of additional text fonts is
available separately.

This is also a non-programmer's package, but oriented
more toward computer artistry. It's also an ideal
complement to The Complete Crap hies System II. It has
a brush module that lets you ' 'paint ' ' using a joystick or
Apple Crap hies Tablet, with the screen as your canvas
and a choice of 96 "brushes" and 108 blended colors.
You can also magnify any portion of the screen 2 or 4
times for detail editing, perform mirror images, exchange
colors, and move parts of pictures to other areas of the
screen. Also included is a packing routine that lets you
store more pictures on each disk.

Although both Complete Craphics System II and Special Effects are written for non-programmers, they are provided on
unprotected disks, and instructions are included for using the graphics and machine language routines in your own programs.

^Graphics magician

by David Lubar, Mark Pelczarski.

and Chns Jochumson

This one is written with the programmer in mind; for anyone who wants to put professional quality graphics in their own
software. Fast machine language animation and picture drawing routines are included for use in your own programs, and
they're extremely easy to use. Using the editors provided, you simply draw your own multicolored shapes, draw their paths,
and combine up to 32 independent shapes with paths and starting locations. The result is a machine language animation file
that you just add and control with your own program — it does all the graphics work for you! The adventure-game picture
editor works the same way: just draw, save, and add the redraw routine to your program. It increases a disk's storage capacity
from 12 pictures to hundreds. A tutorial manual is included with examples of controlling animated objects with joysticks,
detecting collisions, and a multitude of other useful hints and examples. For samples of what can be done, see any of our game
packages, including PIE MAS, Transylvania , and Spy's Demise, as well as those from several other companies using Craphics
Magician for the graphics in their software.

411 of our graphics products are on unprotected disks for your convenience.

So fee is required for using our graphics routines in other programs. All our license requires is that it is stated that our
graphics routines were used. W e are also most interested in publishing good , new products, and beyond our graphics software
we can offer further help to authors publishing through Penguin Software.

Instead of offering our own superlatives, we recommend that you read what others have said about our graphics products.

Listed here are some of the reviews we've found, along with a few quotable quotes:

4

Graphics Magician

"recommended to anyone wanting to work with Apple's high resolution graphics for whatever purpose... definitely a program
Apple users should have in their software library". Byte, Nov. 82.

"miraculous and marvelous, " Creative Computing, Jan. 83.

"tnakes a graphics magician out of each and every Apple user". Soft line. May 82.

Other reviews: Peelings //, Sept-Oct 82. Softa/k, May 82.

C omplete Graphics System 1 1

"The program earns its name... it brings together at a modest price so many different graphics tools. ", Softalk, July 81.

"The three-dimensional utilities verge on the phenomenal". Creative Computing, June 81. 4

"provides capabilities that go beyond the wishful-thinking stage and painlessly use much of the Apple 1 1 graphics potential ",
Info world , March I, 1982.

Other reviews: Soft side, 433. Peelings II, Nov-Dec 81. Cider Press, Sept-Oct 82. Call-A.P.P.L.F., Nov 82

Special Effects

"With Special Effects. . .the Apple computer comes very close to emulating mam- frame computer graphics systems costing as
much as $250,000 for only $39.95", Creative Computing, July 82.

"If you can afford only one computer graphics package, this (Complete Craphics System /Special Effects combination) is the
one to buy", SoftSide, 433.

Other reviews: Popular Science, Nov 82. Softalk and Peelings II, March 82. Cider Press, Sept-Oct 82.

/fftpenfiuin software

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I Ching, continued...

Ching can be seen as a method of mak-
ing you aware of what your unconscious
is doing.

If this is true, your unconscious is also
aware of multiple states of electronic
interaction within the Apple computer
as it cycles rapidly from one memory
location to the next. You touch the key-
board according to some understanding
your subconscious has of the state of the
machine at that moment.

A more radical statement argues that
your unconscious actually controls the
outcome of the coin toss, or the state of
the electrons within the computer.
According to this idea, you touch the
keyboard once you have made the state
of the computer fit your subconscious
wishes and desires.

These speculations are fun and in-
triguing. It was in the spirit of experi-
mentation that the following program
was written — and also in the spirit of
laziness. For however one casts the I
Ching, a good deal of bookwork is re-
quired. Line numbers for individual
casts must be noted down; trigrams and
hexagrams looked up in tables; deriv-
ative hexagrams generated. I find all this
tedious, and I am prone to error in
carrying it out.

How To Use The Program

The program allows the user to cast
the I Ching with coins or with the ran-
dom number generator of the computer
itself.

If done with coins, three similar coins
are selected. Heads are given a value of
2, and tails, 3. The coins are thrown and
each throw is summed. If the throw is all
heads, the sum is 2 + 2 4- 2 = 6. If the
throw is two heads, one tails, it is 7; if
two tails, one head, it is 8. If it is all tails,
the sum is 3 + 3 + 3 = 9. After each
throw, the sum is entered into the com-
puter, which checks to make sure the
value is betweeen 6 and 9. After six
entries, input stops.

The keyboard is used to cast by com-
puter. Any key or keys can be pressed, at
any time or in any order. After six key
presses, input stops.

From this point the program proceeds
quietly, without beeps or blinks, to gen-
erate the hexagrams and their titles. The
primary hexagon is drawn, based on the
numerical values of the six lines, reading
from bottom to top. Pressing any key
will add the hexagram number and
name, as well as the line values from bot-
tom to top.

An additional keypress creates all pos-
sible derivative hexagrams, and prints
their hexagram numbers. One should
note here that while all authorities agree
on the validity of the secondary hexa-
gram, and some agree on the validity of
the first nuclear hexagram, the value of
the second nuclear hexagram is

March 1983 c Creative Computing

controversial. Nevertheless, since some
users of the I Ching employ it, I have in-
cluded it.

A final keypress summarizes the
information for the casting, provides a
printout option, and ends the program.
There is no loop back to run the pro-
gram again — most users believe that the
I Ching should not be thrown too often!

The program does not provide inter-
pretation. To interpret the figures one
must consult the Book of Changes itself.
The most widely accepted reference is
the Richard Wilhelm translation, pub-
lished in the Bollingen Series by the
Princeton University Press. (This pro-
gram uses the hexagram names of the
Wilhelm translation.)

A more modern, and excellent, text is
/ Ching , translated and edited by John
Blofeld, available in Dutton paperback.
Blofeld’s text concentrates on divination,
and is lively and interesting.

The oldest translation of the I Ching
is by James Legge, a nineteenth century
scholar. Re-issued in Bantam paperback,
it is considered less satisfactory by many j
scholars, and is certainly more difficult
to use.

Each text devotes several pages of dis-
cussion to each hexagram. The text also
provides a detailed interpretation of each
line of the hexagram. (Users should note
that derived hexagrams are interpreted
without reference to specific line num-
bers. One reads the line number nota-
tions for the primary hexagram only.)

How The Program Works

Initially, the program loads an array
of 64 hexagrams and a lookup array to
determine the hexagram number from
the individual trigram pairs.

Lines 100-560 accept input from ei-
ther coins or machine. Individual values
are POKEd into specific memory
locations.

Evaluation begins on line 600. A
background is drawn in low-res graph-
ics, and the lines are created by the sub-
routine at 2000.

To this point, the program is straight-
forward. But to look up the hexagram
numbers, some intricacies must occur.

By convention, each hexagram is divided
into lower and upper three-line trigrams.
Before defining the hexagram, these
trigrams must be standardized with
string subroutines. (For example, a
trigram of three solid bars might repre-
sent numerical values of 999, 997, 977,
777, 779, 797, or 979. These seven
possibilities must be set to a single stan-
dard value before looking the hexagram
up in the table.) This standardization oc-
curs in subroutines 2200 and 3000,
which convert any three-line trigram to
a single number from 1 to 8.

The standardized numerical values
are then related to a look-up data table

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I Ching, continued...

Listing L

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57

DIM 1$ (128) s FOR V « 1 to 128 s READ

I$(V) s NEXT V

1370

REM START INTERPRETATION HERE

1380

GET A$

1390

HOME s VTAB 5 : PRINT "INTERPRETATION
HEXAGRAM"

OF

PRIMARY

1400

PRINT

1410

HA - HI * 2 - 1 s HB » HI * 2

1420

PRINT 1$ (HA) : PRINT 1$ (HB)

1430

GET A$

1440

HOME : VTAB 5 : PRINT "INTERPRETATION
HEXAGRAM”

OF

SECONDARY

1450

HA * H2 * 2 - 1 s HB » H2 * 2

1460

PRINT 1$ (HA) s PRINT 1$ (HB)

1470

END

starting on line 3500 and the hexagram
number obtained. Next, the correspond-
ing response string is obtained from the
data listing in lines 4000-4660, and the
result sent to the screen. For the primary
hexagram, this occurs on line 790.

Secondary and nuclear hexagrams are
then generated according to accepted
rules of transposition. These figures in
turn are broken into their component
trigrams, submitted to the standardizing
string subroutines, and then read from
the lookup and response tables.

Modifications To The Program

This program is long, and deletions
are certainly possible. The instructions,
which begin at line 6000, comprise
roughly one fifth of the code. I wrote
them elaborately to assist friends
unfamiliar with the I Ching, but
sophisticated users can shorten this sec-
tion or eliminate it entirely.

If you want immediate identification
of the original hexagram, delete line 690.
If you agree with those scholars who
consider the second nuclear hexagram a
worthless artifact, make the following

Listing 2.

changes:

Delete 920-950
Delete 1170-1200

Change 1230 to HTAB 10: PRINT
N1

Delete 1340-1350

And if you agree with the strict
authorities who reject the notion of nu-
clear hexagrams altogether, make the
following additional changes:

Delete 870-910
Delete 1110-1150
Delete 1230
Delete 1320-1330

The most obvious limitation of the
program is that is does not provide inter-
pretation beyond hexagram name and
number. The program can, of course, be
modified to provide interpretation,
though this strikes me as unwise. In the
Wilhelm I Ching , each hexagram is
given roughly 2700 words of interpreta-
tion, nearly 173,000 words for all 64
hexagrams. Even if one compressed this
material — a step I would hesitate to
undertake — one would still face a mas-
sive typing job. It makes more sense to
refer to a book than to enter even a sum-
mary of the text.

56

DIM R$

(64,2) s FOR V »

1

TO

64

s FOR H

» 1 TO 2 s READ

R$ (V

,H) s NEXT H,V

790

VTAB

22

2 PRINT " # "

; Hi j

m

R$

(HI , 1)

1290

HTAB

6

: PRINT HI ; "

M

I

R$

(HI, 1) s

PRINT

1310

HTAB

6

s PRINT H2 ; "

M

1

R$

(H2,l) s

PRINT

1330

HTAB

6

s PRINT N1 ; "

N

2

R$

(Nl, 1) s

PRINT

1350

HTAB

6

! PRINT N2 } "

M

J

R$

(N2, 1) s

PRINT

1351

PRINT

:

PRINT "TIMING

(IF

RELEVANT) s

"; R$ (H 1 , 2)

CIRCLE 223 ON READER SERVICE CARD

192

March 1983 c Creative Computing

However, for those who want the pro-
gram to go further, the additions in List-
ing 1 will allow up to S10 characters of
interpretation for each hexagram.

In addition, between lines 4700 and
6000, 128 DATA statements must be en-
tered, summarizing the text for each
hexagram in order, allowing two state-
ments per hexagram, as the user sees fit.

It is, of course, possible to take the
interpretation further, to provide a read-
ing of individual lines; I leave consid-
eration of such changes to whoever is
motivated to do them.

An easier modification enables the
program to give a sense of time, for
questions having to the form “When will
such-and-such happen?” The I Ching is
often not satisfying in dealing with time
questions, but the hexagrams do have
seasonal associations, and a table of tim-
ing is found on page 225 of the Blofeld
translation. It can be easily entered into
the program with the following changes
shown in Listing 2.

These changes simply increase the
number of rows in the response table.
Now, referring to the Blofeld table, the
response data from 4020 to 4650 must be
modified by adding the appropriate
month to each hexagram, thus:

4020 DATA THE CREAT I VE . MAY

down to:

4650 DATA BEFORE COMPLETION.

NOVEMBER

Finally, one can tighten the code. I
have not bothered to do so. When, dur-
ing debugging, I got the hexagram #63
AFTER COMPLETION, I cheerfully
quit.

In summary, I have found the I Ching
a powerful tool for understanding any
question it is posed. I hope this program
will stimulate other users to explore the
deeper connections between ancient
thought, apparently “chance” events,
and microchip technology.

Acknowledgements: As a frequent
journal reader, I’m sure that bits of pre-
viously published techniques have crept
into this program; I am grateful to those
contributors who have helped me. I
would also like to thank Brugh Joy,
M.D. for first introducing me to the I
Ching.

References

1. The I Ching or Book of Changes,
The Richard Wilhelm Translation ren-
dered into English by Cary F. Baynes,
Bollingen Series XIX, 1977, Princeton
University Press.

2. / Ching (The Book of Change).
Translated and Edited by John Blofeld,
1968, E.P. Dutton.

3. / Ching or Book of Changes. Trans-

lated by James Legge, 1969, Bantam
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March 1983 ° Creative Computing

I Ching, continued

10 REM I CHINC

1 2 REM

13 REM

14 REM THIS PROGRAM THROWS 6

14 REM LOOKS UP HEXAGRAMS

18 REM AND ALSO GENERATES

1? REM SECONDARY AND NUCLEAR

20 REM HEXAGRAMS

22 REM

2 3 REM

24 REM COMPLETED 9/23/82

26 REM BY MICHAEL CRICHTON

28 REM

30 REM HEXAGRAM TITLES FROM

32 REM THE I CHING OR BOOK OF CHANGES

34 REM THE RICHARD WILHELM TRANSLATION

36 REM RENDERED INTO ENGLISH BY CARY F BAYNES,

38 REM BOLLINGEN SERIES XIX COPYRIGHT

40 REM RENEWED 1977 BY PRINCETON UNIV PRESS
42 REM HEXAGRAM TITLES, PP V-VII,

44 REM REPRINTED BY PERMISSION OF

46 REM PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS

48 REM

50 REM ***• INITIALIZATION ***

5 1 REM

52 REM T* LOOKUP TABLE. R I -R ESPONS ES

55 DIM T( 8 , 8 ) FOR V * 1 TO 8 FOR H * 1 TO 8 READ T<V,H>: NEXT H.V

56 DIM R 9 ( 6 4 ) FOR V * 1 TO 64 READ R$(V) NEXT V

99 REM

100 REM FIRST OPTIONS ***

110 REM

120 HOME TEXT

130 VTAB 8 HTAB 10 INVERSE PRINT " I CHING PROGRAM " : NORMAL VTA B II: H

TAB 18 PRINT "BY": VTAB 14 HTAB 11 PRINT “MICHAEL CRICHTON”

140 VTAB 22 PRINT " < I > I NSTRUCT I ONS , ( C ) O I NS , OR (M)ACHINE INPUT* M ;: GET Af

15a IF Af « "I" GOTO 6000 REM INSTR

160 IF Af » "C" GOTO 200 REM COINS

170 IF Af « "M M GOTO 300: REM MACHINE INPUT

180 REM

200 REM •*** COIN INPUT

201 REM

210 HOME PS » 18

220 VTAB 8 PRINT " TOSS COINS SIX TIMES..."

230 FOR I « 1 TO 6
240 VTAB (PS) : INPUT L

250 IF L < 6 OR L > 9 THEN VTAB (PS) PRINT " VALUE UNACCEPTABLE”: GOTO 240

260 POKE 780 ♦ I , L

270 PS « PS - l: NEXT I

280 GOTO 600

290 REM

300 REM MACHINE INPUT * * • *

301 REM

310 HOME PS * 18

320 VTAB 8 PRINT "PRESS KEYBOARD SIX TIMES..."

3 30 FOR I at 1 TO 6

340 CH - INT < RND (1) * 100)

350 X - INT ( RND (1) • CH)

360 IF X / 2 ■ I NT (X / 2 ) THEN X * 2 GOTO 380

370 X • 3

380 POKE 768, X

390 X > INT ( RND <1> * CH)

400 IF X / 2 at INT (X / 2) THEN X - 2 GOTO 42 0

410 X - 3

420 POKE 769.X

430 X a INT < RND (1) • CH)

440 IF X / 2 a I NT (X / 2 ) THEN X - 2 GOTO 440

450 X - 3

460 POKE 770.X

Program Variables

CH

random number seed

DL

delay loop variable

HI

primary hexagram number

H2

secondary hexagram number

L

line numbers

LIS - L6S

line number strings for concatenation

LN, LNS

lower nuclear trigram

LT, LT$

lower hexagram trigram

N1

first nuclear hexagram number

N2

second nuclear hexagram number

PS

VTAB line number position

PX

Printout flag

R$()

response table

T()

lookup table

T1S

primary hexagram transformation string

T2$

secondary hexagram transformation string

TM

temporary value for return to program

UN, UN$

upper nuclear trigram

UT, UTS

upper hexagram trigram

194

March 1983 c Creative Computing

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CIRCLE 162 ON READER SERVICE CARD

I Ching, continued...

470 REM

480 REM KEYBOARD PRESSED*

485 REM

490 KB * PEEK < - 16384) IF KB > 127 THEN POKE - 16368,0 COTO 520

500 COTO 350 REM BECIN ANOTHER PASS
510 REM

520 REM KEYBOARD WAS PRESSED
525 REM

530 L * PEEK < 768 ) ♦ PEEK ( 769 ) ♦ PEEK < 770 ): VTA B <PS>: PRINT L

540 POKE 780 ♦ I.L
550 PS * PS - 1 NEXT I

555 PRINT CHR* <7>: REM WARNING BEEP

560 REM

600 REM **** BECIN PROCESSING ***

610 REM

6 20 VTA B 12 PRINT “HEXAGRAM COMPLETED”: FOR DL * 1 TO 500 NEXT

6 30 GR

6 40 COLOR-* 15 FOR Y * 1 TO 3 9 HLIN 1,39 AT Y NEXT
6 50 COLOR » 0 Y « 33 XI * 10 X2 * 17 X3 . 23 X4 « 30
660 FOR I * 1 TO 6

670 Y * Y - 4 L * PEEK <780 ♦ I) GOSUB 2000

680 NEXT I
6 90 VTA B 24 GET A*

699 REM

700 REM *** READ ANSWER ***

705 REM

710 LI* « STR 5 < PEEK <781>> L2S * STR* < PEEK < 78 2 )) L3* * STR * < PEEK < 78 3 )

) L4* * STR* < PEEK <784>>:L5* * STR* < PEEK <785>) L6* - STR* < PEEK <786))

730 LT* * LI* ♦ L 2 * ♦ L3* UT* * L4* ♦ L5* ♦ L6* REM LOWER/UPPER TRIGRAMS

740 Tl* * LT* GOSUB 2200 GOSUB 3000
750 LT * TM

760 Tl* * UT* GOSUB 2200 GOSUB 3000
770 UT * TM

780 HI * T< LT , UT ) REM PRIMARY HEXAGRAM VAL
790 VTAB 22 PRINT “ • “HI;” ”,R*<HI)

800 FOR DL * 1 TO 500 NEXT DL

8 10 VTAB 2 4 PRINT “ LINES ARE ”, L 1 *,“-“. L 2 *,"-", L 3 *;“-“; L 4 L 5 L 6 *

. .. .... GET A ♦

820 REM •** OTHER TRIGRAMS ***

830 REM SECONDARY TRIGRAM

840 T2 * * LT* GOSUB 2300 GOSUB 3000 LT * TM

8 50 T2 * » UT* GOSUB 2 300 GOSUB 3000 UT * TM

860 H 2 * T < LT , UT ) : REM H2r 2NDAR Y HEXAGRAM VAL

870 REM FIRST NUCLEAR

6 8 0 LN* * L 2 * ♦ L 3 * ♦ L4» UN* * L3< ♦ L4* ♦ LS*

890 Tl* * LN* GOSUB 2200 GOSUB 3000 LN * TM

900 Tl* * UN* GOSUB 2200 GOSUB 3000 UN • TM

910 N 1 « T < LN , UN ) REM NUCLEAR 1 HEX VAL

920 REM SECOND NUCLEAR

9 30 T2 * * LN* GOSUB 2300 GOSUB 3000 LN * TM

9 40 T2 * * UN* GOSUB 2300 GOSUB 3000 UN - TM

950 N2 * T < LN , UN ) REM NUCLEAR 2 HEX VAL

960 REM

970 REM *** MORE HEXS ***

980 REM

990 GR HOME

1000 COLOR* 15 FOR Y * 0 TO 19 HLIN 0,19 AT Y NEXT REM BACKGROUND
1010 REM DRAW ORIGINAL HEXAGRAM
1020 COLOR* 0

1030 Y ~ 17 XI - 3X2 * 7 X3 * 12 X4 * 16

1040 FOR I * 1 TO 6 L * PEEK <780 ♦ I) GOSUB 2000 Y * Y - 3 NEXT I

1050 REM

1060 REM DRAW SECONDARY HEXAGRAM
1 070 COLOR « 15

1080 Y « 17 XI * 22X2 * 27 X3 * 31 X4 » 36

1090 FOR I * 1 TO 6 L * PEEK <780 ♦ I) GOSUB 2100 GOSUB 2000 Y * Y • 3 NEXT I
1100 REM

1110 REM DRAW NUCLEAR «1
1120 COLOR* 1

1130 Y * 37 XI
1140 FOR I *

* 3
1 TO

X 2 » 7 X3 *
3 L * PEEK

12X4 * 16

<78 1 ♦ I >

GOSUB

2000 Y *

Y -

3

NEXT I

1150 FOR I *

1 TO

3 : L * PEEK

< 782 ♦ I ) :

GOSUB

2000 Y *

Y -

3

NEXT I

1160 REM

1170 REM DRAW NUCLEAR «2
1175 REM

1180 Y « 37 XI * 22 X2 * 27 X3 * 31X4 * 36

March 1983 c Creative Computing

197

I Ching, continued

1190 FOR 1*1 TO 3 L * PEEK (781 ♦ I) COSUB 2100 COSUB 2000 Y * Y - 3 NEXT I

1 200 FOR I ■- 1 TO 3 L * PEEK < 782 ♦ I): COSUB 2100 COSUB 2000 Y ** Y - 3 NEXT 1

1210 REM

1220 VTAB 22 HTAB 10 PRINT HI; HTAB 30 PRINT H2 PRINT

1230 HTAB 10 PRINT Nl, HTAB 30 PRINT N2

1240 CET A*

1244 REM

1245 REM »** SUMMARY PACE •**

1246 REM

1250 TEXT HOME

1 260 PRINT "ORIGINAL LINES WERE ", L l *,"-”; L 2 *;"-". L 3 *,”-", L 4 *;"-", L 5 *,"-”. L 6 ♦

1 270 PRINT " " PRINT

1280 PRINT "PRIMARY HEXAGRAM-" PRINT

1290 HTAB 6 PRINT HI;" ".R*(Hl> PRINT

1300 PRINT "SECONDARY HEXAGRAM-" PRINT
1310 HTAB 6 PRINT H2 , " ";R*<H2> PRINT

1320 PRINT "FIRST NUCLEAR-" PRINT
1330 HTAB 6 PRINT Nl.” ",R*(N1> PRINT

1340 PRINT "SECOND NUCLEAR-" PRINT
1350 HTAB 6 PRINT N2 ; " ",R*(N2>

1352

1355 IF PX * 1 THEN PRINT PRINT CHR* <4>."PR80" COTO 1370

1360 PRINT PRINT PRINT "DO YOU WANT A PRINTOUT CY/N)»"; CET A*

1362 FOR B * 1 TO 29 PRINT CHR* (8);: PRINT " PRINT CHR* <8>. NEXT B

1363 IF A* * "N" COTO 1370

1364 PX r 1 INPUT "TODAY'S DATE < MM / DD / Y Y > » " . D *

1365 FOR B * l TO 40 PRINT CHR* (8). PRINT ” PRINT CHR* <8>, NEXT B

1367 PRINT "WHAT WAS YOUR QUESTION?": INPUT Q5 PRINT CHR* <4>;"PRH1": PRINT :

PRINT D*." " ; Q » PRINT

1368 COTO 1260

1369

1370 END
1380

1998 REM *•** START SUBROUTINES *•*

1999 REM

2000 REM *** DRAW GRAPHIC *•**

2005 REM

2010 IF L « 6 THEN HLIN XI. X2 AT Y HLIN X3.X4 AT Y RETURN

2020 IF L * 7 THEN HLIN XI. X4 AT Y RETURN

2030 IF L * 8 THEN HLIN XI. X2 AT Y HLIN X3.X4 AT Y RETURN

2040 IF L . 9 THEN HLIN XI. X4 AT Y RETURN

2050 REM

2100 REM *** 2NDARY HEX CONVERSION
2105 REM

2110 IF L * 6 THEN L - 7 RETURN
2120 IF L * 9 THEN L ■ 8 RETURN
2130 REM

2200 REM CONVERT TRICRAM «'S FOR LOOKUP ***

2205 REM

22 10 S* « " ” : X * * "" : REM NULL

2220 FOR N . 1 TO LEN <T1 * )

2 2 30 X * * MID* <T1 * . N, 1 >

2240 IF X* » "6" THEN X* - "8"

2250 IF X* » ”9" THEN X* « "7"

2260 S* * S* ♦ X* NEXT N
2270 Tl* » S* RETURN
2280 REM

2300 REM *** CONVERT OTHER TRIGRAMS
2305 REM

23 10 S* * ” " : X * » REM NULL

2320 FOR N - 1 TO LEN <T2*>

2 330 X* * MID* ( T2 * , N . 1 >

2340 IF X* - "6" THEN X* ■ ”7"

2350 IF X* * "9" THEN X* * "8"

2360 S* « S* ♦ X* NEXT N
2370 Tl* * S* RETURN
2380 REM

3000 REM *»• CONVERT 1-8 ****

3005 REM

3010 TM * VAL (Tl*)

3020

IF

TM

•

777

THEN

TM

m

l :

COTO

3100

3030

IF

TM

w

788

THEN

TM

rz

2

COTO

3 100

3040

I F

TM

m

878

THEN

TM

m

3

COTO

3 100

3050

IF

TM

wr

88 7

THEN

TM

m

4

COTO

3 100

198

March 1983 c Creative Computing

GREAT PLAINS ACCOUNTING □ MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

Our books
simplify yours!

(3reat Plains Software shows you how to appraise
your business from every angle. Our hooks handle
your accounting in expert fashion. They analyze your
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making profits - and losing them, whether it’s by
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Our new version of the Hardisk Accounting Series
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Accounts Payable and two new modules - Payroll
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You can find Great Plains Software at your local
computer store — or call us for more details. We’ll be
glad to show you how the Hardisk Accounting Series
can simplify your books.

SPECIFICATIONS
PAYROLL

OVERALL

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Written in UCSD Pascal”
Hard Disk Oriented
Operates on Apple III,

IBM PC

GENERAL LEDGER
All entries on line entire fiscal
year

Flexibly formatted financial
statements
Comparative income
statements and balance sheets

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Up to 32,767 customers*

Profit by customer, customer
type, salesman and state
Open item or balance forward
Automatically posts to G/L

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

Up to 32,767 vendors*
Accommodates manual or
generated checks
Automatically posts to G/L

Up to 32,767 employees*

Up to 20 deductions per
employee

Withholding computed
Prints W2, 941 and checks

INVENTORY
FIFO, LIFO, standard cost,
weighted moving average and
serial number valuation
5 price levels per part
Concise report including profit by
part and line

Point of Sale for cash and credit
sales

Part numbers up to 1 5 characters
Automatically posts to A/P
and A/R

* depending upon disk storage space
•* TM UC Regents

GREAT PLAINS' SOFTWARE

123 15th Street North, Fargo, ND 58102*4292 • (701) 293-8483

CIRCLE 179 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Make

the Qume

ction*

The Qume SPRINT 11 PLUS v is the new stan-
dard of quality for professional, letter-perfect
daisywheel printing. And for just $1776,
you can have it for your personal or desk-
top computer. It comes complete with a
Qume Connection interface module to fit
popular computers from IBM, Radio Shack,
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delivers letter-quality text at a steady 40 cps. And

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with an average of 5,500 trouble-free hours
(3 years typical use) between maintenance,
the SPRINT 11 PLUS is unmatched in
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sophisticated, professional users. At $1776,
there's no reason for you to settle for any-
thing less. Make the Qume Connection by
calling one of our authorized distributors.
Or write Qume, 2350 Qume Drive,
San Jose, California 95131.

Qume

i ^ A Subsidiary of ITT

It's easy to make the
Qume Connection.

Call the distributor nearest you to get the
best quality printer for your microcomputer.

Abacus Oats Services

(416)677-9555 Ontario.

Canada

Anacomp/ESCOM

(213) 516-7480 CA
(206) 841-4990 WA
(509) 624-1306 WA

Anthem Systems

(415) 342-9162 CA

Audiovisual Services

(713)669-1111 TX
(800) 392-7777 TX Only

Bohlig and Associates

(612)922-7011 MN

, I) 231-6362 MO
314)965-7115 MO
704)525-3011 NC
201)227-7900 NJ
518 385-4868 NY
716)876-1200 NY
513) 874-8512 OH
503) 221-5095 OR
’901) 527-3709 TN
214 243-1106 TX
713) 672-3675 TX
!801) 973-2253 UT
Gentry and Associates
(305) 859-7450 FL
Inter ACT Computer

(617)964-5270 MA
Byte Industries
(800) 972-5948 CA Only
(800) 227-2070 Outside CA
C0G Distributors. Inc.

(513) 435-4340 OH

(800) 245-1084 Outside OH
(412) 366-5056 PA
(800) 245-1064 Outside PA
David Jamison
Carlyle Corp.

’213) 277-4562 CA
415) 254-9550 CA
*714) 640-0355 CA
;808) 531-5136 HI

312) 975-1500 IL
:201) 946-9669 NJ
!21 4) 458-0888 TX
!713) 530-4980 TX

The Computer Factory
,212) 687-5000 NY
914 793-1300 NY

212) 896-0700 NY
*516) 248-6700 NY
Computing Resources, Inc.
(702)825-8800 NV
Computer Mart

ot New Jersey
(201) 283-0600 NJ
Datamex Ltd.

(514) 481-1116 Montreal.
Canada

(613) 224-1391 Ottowa
(416) 787-1208 Toronto
(604) 684-8625 Vancouver
Data Systems Marketing
602)833-0061 AZ
714) 540-2312 CA

213) 641-2050 CA
415) 941-0240 CA
916) 891-8358 CA
213) 796-2562 CA
213 796-2631 CA
714 560-9222 CA
213) 344-7097 CA
209) 237-8577 CA
303) 573-5133 CO
303) 694-1710 CO

313) 254-2830 Ml
406) 587-1200 MT
505) 294-1531 NM

1 503) 297-8444 OR
412) 486-2676 PA
214) 960-1604 TX
713) 769-0003 TX
801)292-6666 UT
206) 575-8123 WA
Data Technology
Industries
(415) 638-1206 CA
Data Terminal Mart

5 103)270-3737 Alberta
103)420-1755 Alberta
514) 288-1555 Montreal
K)2) 469-3762 Nova Scotia
*16) 677-0184 Ontario
416) 495-2001 Ontario
416) 245-4780 Ontario
(613) 729-5196 Ontar.o
(604) 872-8482 Vancouver
Equipment Resources
(404) 955-0313 GA

General Electric

1 205) 479-6547 AL
602) 278-8515 AZ
415) 436-9265 CA
714) 231-0309 CA
203) 628-9638 CT
(904) 751-0615 FL
(305) 921-0169 FL
(404) 452-4919 GA
319) 285-7501 IA
(219) 933-4500 IN
317) 241-9330 IN
(812) 473-6161 IN
’502)452-3311 KY
617)938-1920 MA
(301 332-4710 MD
612 522-4396 MN

(305)331-7117 FL
404) 963-8213 QA
704)562-7602 NC
(704)254-1949 NC

(213) 327-6030 CA
800) 262-4212 CA Only
800) 421-1485 Outside CA
(617)449-5807 MA

(800) 343-4411 Outside MA
617) 431-7660 MA

(214) 235-3616 TX
800) 442-6847 TX Only
(800) 527-3261 Outside TX
National Computer

(312) 459-6400 IL
Office Systems, h
(704) 374-0822 NC
(919) 274-8423 NC
(919) 549-0545 NC
PAR Associates
(303) 371-4140 CO
(801)292-8145 UT

837-9300 AL
859-3600 FL
771-7520 FL
448-1711 GA
948-0710 MD
273-4441 NC
674-4000 PA

(312) 437-9680 I L
317)849-7300 IN

(313) 525-1800 Ml
(61 2) 936-6444 MN
[216 587-3600 OH
513)236 9900 OH
412 782-2300 PA
512) 835-4000 TX
214) 386-7300 TX
713) 988-5555 TX

205]
408]
213)
(916)
213)
(203)
:305)
(305!
(404)
(319)
*312)
617 '
;3oi :
313]
(812;
(201
516
716
216
513
(918
.215.
(412)
>713*
:2i4 ( .
512]
414

882-2200 AL
496-0200 CA
537-4321 CA
929-9732 CA
999-4702 CA
792-3500 CT
927-0611 FL
331-7555 FL
449-91 70 GA
373-1417 IA
364-3750 IL
275-5100 MA
840-5900 MD
525-8100 Ml
941-5280 MN
227-7880 NJ
334-7474 NY
424-2222 NY
464-2970 OH
439-1800 OH
622-8000 OK
441-0600 PA
782-1600 PA
784-3600 TX
661-5010 TX
458-8253 TX
784-9020 Wl

Tek Aids Industries Inc.

(312) 870-7400 IL
(512) 835-9518 TX
Terminal Rentals

i 602) 258-4466 AZ
714) 832-2414 CA
408) 292-9915 CA
213) 637-3413 CA
714) 235-9268 CA
415) 956-4821 CA
Terminals Unlimited
(800) 336-0423
Unico

(512)451-0251 TX

Victor Electronics

(617) 481-4010 MA

Computer

(716) 381-4120 NY

Qume.

▼ A Subsidiary of ITT

A Subsidiary of I

CIRCLE 286 ON READER SERVICE CARD

I Chlng, continued...

3040
3070
3 0 0 0
3090
3100
3110
3900
3910
3920
3930

3 9 4 0
3990
3940
3970
3900
3990

3999

4000
4010
4020
4030
4040
4090
4040
4070
4000
4090
4100
4110

4 120
4130
4 140
4 190
4140
4170
4100
4190
4200
4210
4220
4 230
42 40
4 290
4240
4270
4200
4 290
4300
4310
4320
4 330
4340
4390
4340
4370
4300
4390
4400
4410
4420
4430
4440
4490
4440
4470
4400
4490
4900
4910
4920
4930
4940
4990
4940
4970

IP TM • 000 THEN TM • 9: GOTO 3100

IF TM • 077 THEN TM • 4 : GOTO 3100

IT TM • 707 THEN TM ■ 7 : GOTO 3100

IF TM • 77 0 THEN TM ■ 0

RETURN

REM

REM ••• LOOKUP TABLE DATA
REM

DATA 1 , 34 , 9 , 24 , 1 1 , 9 , 14 , 43
DATA 29,91,3,27,24,42,21,17
DATA 4*40, 29, 4,7,99,44,47
DATA 33,42,39,92,19,93,94,31
DATA 12,14,0,23,2,20,39,49
DATA 44,32,40,10,44,97,90,20
DATA 13,99,43,22,34,37,30,49
DATA 10,94,40,41,19,41,30,90
REM

REM ••• RESPONSE DATA
REM

DATA THE CREATIVE

DATA THE RECEPTIVE

DATA DIFFICULTY AT THE BEGINNING

DATA YOUTHFUL FOLLY

DATA WAITING (NOURISHMENT)

DATA CONFLICT
DATA THE ARMY

DATA HOLDING TOGETHER (UNION)

DATA THE TAMING POWER OF THE SMALL
DATA TREADING (CONDUCT)

DATA PEACE

DATA STANDSTILL (STAGNATION)

DATA FELLOWSHIP WITH MEN

DATA POSSESSION IN GREAT MEASURE

DATA MODESTY

DATA ENTHUSIASM

DATA FOLLOWING

DATA WORK ON WHAT HAS BEEN SPOILED (DECAY)

DATA APPROACH

DATA CONTEMPLATION (VIEW)

DATA BITING THROUGH

DATA GRACE

DATA SPLITTING APART

DATA RETURN (THE TURNING POINT)

DATA INNOCENCE (THE UNEXPECTED)

DATA THE TAMING POWER OF THE GREAT

DATA THE CORNERS OF THE MOUTH (PROVIDING NOURISHMENT)
DATA PREPONDERANCE OF THE GREAT
DATA THE ABYSMAL (WATER)

DATA THE CLINGING/ FIRE
DATA INFLUENCE (WOOING)

DATA DURATION
DATA RETREAT

DATA THE POWER OF THE GREAT
DATA PROGRESS

DATA DARKENING OF THE LIGHT
DATA THE FAMILY (THE CLAN)

DATA OPPOSITION
DATA OBSTRUCTION
DATA DELIVERANCE
DATA DECREASE
DATA INCREASE

DATA BREAK-THROUGH (RESOLUTENESS)

DATA COMING TO MEET

DATA GATHERING TOGETHER (MASSING)

DATA PUSHING UPWARD

DATA OPPRESSION (EXHAUSTION)

DATA THE WELL

DATA REVOLUTION (MOULTING)

DATA THE CALDRON

DATA THE AROUSING ( SHOCK / THUNDER )

DATA KEEPING STILL/ MOUNTAIN

DATA DEVELOPMENT (GRADUAL PROGRESS)

DATA THE MARRYING MAIDEN
DATA ABUNDANCE (FULLNESS)

DATA THE WANDERER

201

March 1083 e Creative Computing

I Ching, continued...

4380 DATA THE GENTLE (THE PENETRATING/ WIND)

4370 DATA THE JOYOUS/LAKE

«400 DATA DISPERSION (DISSOLUTION)

4410 DATA LIMITATION
4420 DATA INNER TRUTH

4430 DATA PREPONDERANCE OF THE SMALL
4440 DATA AFTER COMPLETION
4430 DATA BEFORE COMPLETION
4440 :

4470 :

4000 REM •** INSTRUCTIONS***

4010 HOME

4020 PRINT "THE I CHING IS AN ANCIENT CHINESE METHOD OF DIVINATION BY R

EPEATEDLY THROWING STICKS OR COINS. A SIX-LINE FIGURE, OR HEXAGRAM, IS CREATED "
4030 PRINT

4040 PRINT "THIS HEXAGRAM IS INTERPRETED BY CONSULTING A METAPHORICAL TEXT."

4030 PRINT

4040 PRINT "FURTHER INFORMATION CAN BE OBTAINED BY DERIVING A SECONDARY HEXAGR
AM, AND TWO SO-CALLED 'NUCLEAR HEXAGRAMS 1 "

4070 PRINT

4080 PRINT "THIS PROGRAM PROVIDES THE HEXAGRAM NAMESONLY FOR FURTHER INTERPRE
TAT I ON , USERS SHOULD OBTAIN A GOOr I CHING TEXT. SUCHAS THE CLASSIC TRANSLATION
BY RICHARD WILHELM (PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS) "

4070 GOSUB 8000

4100 HOME PRINT "CASTING THE I CHING"

4110 PRINT INVERSE PRINT "WITH COINS" NORMAL

4120 PRINT

4130 PRINT "USE THREE SIMILAR COINS. SUCH AS PENNIES ASSIGN ONE FACE TH

E VALUE OF 3, AND THE OTHER FACE THE VALUE OF 2 THINKON YOUR QUESTION AS YOU CAS
T THE COINS SIX TIMES."

4140 PRINT

4130 PRINT "AFTER EACH THROW, SUM THE THREE FACES, TO GET A VALUE FROM 4 TO 7
ENTER THIS VALUE INTO THE COMPUTER "

4140 PRINT PRINT INVERSE PRINT " BY COMPUTER ": NORMAL PRINT

4170 PRINT

4180 PRINT "THE COMPUTER WILL SIMULATE COIN TOSSES IF YOU PRESS ANY KEY SIX TIMES."
4170 GOSUB 8000

4200 HOME : PRINT "INTERPRETING THE I CHING" PRINT PRINT

4210 PRINT "THE COMPUTER FIRST GENERATES THE PR I MAR YHE X AGRAM SOME USERS PREFE

R TO MEDITATEON THIS FIGURE DIRECTLY. WITHOUT ADDITIONAL DATA."

4220 PRINT PRINT

4230 PRINT "1 (RETURN) WILL ADD THE HEXAGRAM NAME, AND THE LINE VALUES READING
FROM BOTTOM TO TOP " : PRINT

4240 PRINT

4240 PRINT "2 (RETURN) WILL GENERATE THE SECONDARY AND NUCLEAR HEXAGRAMS, AND
THEIR NUMBERS ..."

4270 VTA B 20 PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO SEE THIS PATTERN" ; : GET At: GOSUB 7010

4280 GOSUB 8000: HOME VTAB 3

4270 PRINT "A FINAL (RETURN) WILL SUMMARIZE THE DATA ON ALL FOUR HEXAGRAMS,

AND PROVIDE A PRINTOUT OPTION."

4300 COTO 140
4310 REM

7000 REM * • • GRAPH I C I NSTR * * *

7010 HOME

7020 FOR X - 1 TO 20 VTAB (X): HTAB 17: PRINT "1": NEXT

7030 FOR X - 1 TO 37: VTAB 10 HTAB (X): PRINT NEXT

7040 VTAB 3: HTAB 3: PRINT "ORIGINAL": HTAB 5 PRINT "HEXAGRAM"

7030 FOR X * 1 TO 500 NEXT SPEED" 100

7040 FOR X - 14 TO 23: VTAB 4 HTAB (X): PRINT ">";: NEXT SPEED. 233

7070 SPEED. 235

7080 VTAB 3: HTAB 23 PRINT "SECONDARY": HTAB 23 PRINT "HEXAGRAM"

7070 FOR X ■ 1 TO 300: NEXT SPEED. 100

7100 FOR X . 7 TO 14: VTAB (X): HTAB 8 PRINT "I": NEXT SPEED. 233

7110 VTAB 13 HTAB 3 PRINT "NUCLEAR": HTAB 3: PRINT "HEXAGRAM": HTAB 3 PRINT

"DERIVED": HTAB 5: PRINT "FROM ORIGINAL"

7120 FOR X - 1 TO 300 NEXT SPEED. 100

7130 FOR X . 7 TO 14: VTAB (X): HTAB 28: PRINT "I": NEXT : SPEED. 233

7140 VTAB 13 HTAB 23: PRINT "NUCLEAR": HTAB 23 PRINT "HEXAGRAM": HTAB 23: PR I

NT "DERIVED": HTAB 23: PRINT "FROM SECONDARY"

7130 SPEED. 253
7140 RETURN

7777 REM

7778 REM ***PAUSE***

7777 REM

8000 VTAB 24 PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE";: GET A8 : RETURN

202

March 1983 c Creative Computing

YOUR HOME COMPUTER IS
JUST THE BEGINNING.

You’ve got your home finances
organized, learned a little French,
played a lot of Zork. You have all
the software you want.

Yet, something is missing.

Introducing Delphi™. The
information, communications and
entertainment system that takes you
far beyond the limitations of disks
and cartridges. The system that’s
so friendly the whole family can
use and enjoy it.

Delphi is
what thef f
home
computer
was
really
meant
for.

What th^
home

THE PRICE IS
FRIENDLY, TOO.

HERE’S WHAT DELPHI GIVES
YOU NOW

With a simple telephom
call, you can look up any-
thing in a vast research
library which includes
a 20,000-entry

encyclopedia. You can 7 r2

do your banking. Get the news,
weather and sports stories you
want from several wire services.
Check airline schedules and make
reservations. Shop from an electronic
catalog. Tap into the Comp-U-Store*
discount shopping service. Keep
track of your appointments. Play
games. Get in touch with other peo-
ple through the electronic
bulletin board, mail and "talk’’
services. Seek advice from other
members and volunteer your
own expertise. Collaborate on
the Delphi novels. Take part
in or run a subscriber poll.

That's just the beginning.

We’re continually adding new
services. But only services we think
you and your family
will use and enjoy. 1
What’s coming,
for example,
are tutorials on
subjects from
algebra to zoology. ^

You can be part of the
design committee, just tell
us what you’d like to see
on Delphi.

SO FRIENDLY, YOU DON’T
EVEN NEED OUR HANDBOOK.

Delphi is the easy-to-use,
friendly information system. We
designed it for humans. You
don’t have to speak
computerese. In fact,
you don’t even need
our friendly
handbook. We’ll
take you on a
guided tour right
on your screen.

DELPHI”

What the home computer was really meant for.

General Videotex Corp., 377 Putnam Ave. , Cambridge, MA 02139 (617) 491-3393

CIRCLE 171 ON READER SERVICE CARD

It’s just 149 95 to establish
your Delphi membership and for the
handbook to get you started. Then
just as little as 85 cents for 10
minutes (J5 per hour) on-line for
most services during home time . . .
evenings, weekends and holidays.
Office time, of course, is more.

DELPHI IS COMPATIBLE
WITH YOUR EQUIPMENT.

No matter what home
computer you have, you can use
Delphi. Unlike other systems, Delphi
is compatible with all makes and is
easily adaptable to any screen size.
And you can use just about any
acoustic coupler or direct connect
modem to connect Delphi to your
telephone.

WE PROTECT YOUR PRIVACY.

We designed privacy into
Delphi from the start. Our
password system
prevents
unauthorized
access. We don’tl
even know your password,
and you can change it any
4 time. We can’t monitor your trans-
actions or communications. We can’t
retrieve information except at your
request. The safeguards are spelled
out in our policy statement and
agreed to by our people. A copy is
available. We are members of and
subscribe to the policies of the
Videotex Industry Association.

SIGN UP, L0G n QN
BE IN TOUCH-. "

To sign up
and log on, or
for more informa-
tion, just see your
dealer. Or get in touch with Delphi.

We’ll put your computer in
touch with destiny.

*Comp-U Store Is a registered trademark of Comp l Card of America

Part Two

TRS-80 Graphics Made
Almost Painless

This is the second article in a three
part series. The first segment appeared
in the January 1982 issue. Here we dis-
cuss some quirks of Level II Basic and
describe Vector Plotter, a program that
draws lines on the screen between any
two points. Vector Plotter can produce
random vectors, or you can supply the x,
y coordinates of the initial and terminal
points of a vector.

Many people don’t know what vector
means because it is often misused. The
correct definition — used by math-
ematicians, engineers, and scientists
other than biologists — is a line which
has two properties, length and direction.
Some programmers use vector to mean
array. Airplane pilots and science fiction
writers often use it in place of direction.
Biologists use vector to mean “a disease
carrying organism.”

Peculiarities of Level II

There are two problems with the val
function, which are not mentioned in the
reference manual. The first problem is
that val doesn’t recognize numeric
character strings preceded by a minus
sign if there are blanks before the minus
sign. That problem was described in Ra-
dio Shack’s “Microcomputer News”
(Oct. and Nov. 1980 issues). The second
problem is that if a percent symbol is the

John Crew, 1 106 Karin Dr., Normal. 1L 61761.

John Crew

first nonblank character after a string of
numeric characters, an sn (syntax) error
message will be printed when val is
used on that string.

Apparently the programmers at
Microsoft were uncertain about what
should be done in this case. They could
divide the value by 100 to get a decimal
equivalent, they could leave the number
as a percentage, or they could have an
error result and leave it to you to write
an error handling subroutine to perform
whichever calculation you want.

They chose the latter option, but for
some reason they call it an sn error in-
stead of an fc (illegal function argu-
ment) error. Listing 1 demonstrates both
problems with the val function. Listing
2 shows the extra lines needed to make
the program in Listing 1 work as
desired.

If you want the decimal equivalent of
a percentage instead of the percentage
returned by val, then use an error han-
dling subroutine like the one in Listing 2
but insert /100 after

LV=VAL ( LEFTS ( B , K - 1 ) )
in line 100.

Because I often want compact pro-
grams, I sometimes use if-then state-

204

ments with an implied then. The Level
II reference manual doesn’t say when
then is unnecessary, so by experiment I
discovered when it can be omitted.

Figure 1 shows different legal IF-
then-else statements, most of which
use an implied then, that don’t work
properly.

The first two examples in Figure 2
have the same error. In a compact IF-
then-else statement with an implied
then, if the logical expression ends with
a string constant, the then branch
works properly, but the else branch
will be ignored. That problem can be
solved by reversing the last comparison
(so it is “YES” = INS) or by inserting a
comma, blank space, or then between
the logical expression and the then
branch.

Another solution would be to put
parentheses around the logical ex-
pression. That problem is one of the few
cases I know of which can be solved by
inserting a space; Level II usually ig-
nores spaces.

An odd if-then-else statement I
found doesn’t have a then branch. It is

I FA=BELSEPR I NT‘‘NOT EQUAL”

If the logical expression is true, noth-
ing is done, otherwise the else branch is
taken.

I suggest you avoid using unusual
forms of if-then or if-then-else state-

March 1983 c Creative Computing

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TRS-80 Graphics, continued...

Figure 1.

Examples of Legal if-then-else statements

Example

Indicator of
Separation of
Logical Ex-
pression and
THEN Branch

Notes

1 FA=BTHENC=OELSEC= 1

THEN

1 FA=B , C=0ELSEC=1

Comma

A comma works like then. This is
allowed because some other
versions of Basic allow it.

1 FA%=B%C%=0ELSEC%=1

Type declaration
character
(S, %,!,#)

1 FA=1 / ( B+1 ) C=OELSEC= 1

Parenthesis

1 FA=BPR 1 NT ‘ * SAME ’ ’ ELSE
PRINT* ‘DIFFERENT* ’

Basic keyword

1 FA=B : C=OELSEC= 1

Colon

The colon takes the place of then
here, but as Figure 2 shows, this
doesn't work if you want the then
branch to be an implied goto
branch.

I FA= 1 B=- 1 ELSEB= 1 0

Transition from
numeric charac-
ter string to a
variable name
which doesn't
start with E or
D.

1 FA=0 , 1 000ELSE2000

Comma

1 FA=0GOTO1 000ELSEGOTO2000
is equivalent.

1 F 1 0=A%90ELSE 100

Type declaration
character

Equivalent to

1 F 1 0=A%GOTO90ELSE 100

IFA=8/(B+1 ) 100ELSE90

Right parenthesis Equivalent to

IFA=8/(B+1 )GOT0100ELSE90

Figure 2.

Examples of if-then-else Statements Which Don’t Work as Desired

Example

Separation
Indicator Notes

I F I N$= * ‘ YES • * AFF I RM=AFF I RM+ 1 Quotation •

ELSENEG=NEG+ 1 mark

I F I N$= ‘ ‘ YES ’ ’ PR I NT * * AGREE ’ 1 ELSE Quotation •
PR I NT “D I SAGREE * * mark

I FA ! =3E=1 : PR I NT * * TRUE ’ ’ELSE None •

PRINT* ‘FALSE* ‘

I FA#=8D=- 1 : PR I NT * ‘ TRUE ’ ’ ELSE None •

PRINT* * FALSE * *

206

March 1983 ° Creative Computing

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TRS-80 Graphics, continued

I FA=BC= - 1ELSESTOP

None

I FA=B C=- 1ELSESTOP

FOR THE WONDERFUL
WORLD OF ATARI
400 & 800 SYSTEMS

I F0=TANDS=0STOPELSE100

IFO=T AND S=0) THEN80ELSE90

IF 1=9 : 1 0ELSE20

None There is a syntax error

in the logical ex-
pression. The tan is
interpreted as a func-
tion name which isn't
what I want.

then The logical expression

is interpreted the same
as: (0=TAN(DS) )=0
which is equivalent to
NOT ( 0=T AN ( DS ) ) or
OOTAN(DS) .

Colon If true, a sn error re-

sults. If false, nothing
happens.

* If true, the then branch is used; but if false, the else branch is never taken.
See article for a list of solutions to this problem.

** The else branch is used if false. Because E or D if used before an exponent
the assignment statement is considered part of the preceeding logi-
cal expression.

*** This is interpreted the same as ((A = BC) = -1) which has a logical expression
within a logical expression. It is equivalent to A = BC.

Figure 3.

Variables Used in Vector Plotter

Type

Name(s)

Use(s)

Integer

XI

X coordinate of initial point.

Y1

Y coordinate of initial point.

X2

X coordinate of terminal point.

Y2

Y coordinate of terminal point.

N

The number of x,y coordinates stored so far.

L

The number of x,y coordinates which will be
stored.

I

Count of characters entered in coordinate entry
subroutine.

MV

The maximum number of vectors which can be
stored.

X

Loop counter for drawing lines; it is the current
x coordinate of the cursor. Temporary storage.

Y

Loop counter for drawing lines; it is the current
y coordinate of the cursor. Temporary storage.

Single

Precision

A

Used in line drawing calculations. It is either the
slope or the reciprocal of the slope. Temporary
storage.

B

Used in line drawing calculations, for x or y co-
ordinate. Temporary storage.

C(0-*(MV-1))

Coordinate storage array.

Character

String

Q A

Last character entered.

B

String of characters entered in coordinate entry
subroutine.

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March 1983 c Creative Computing

209

CIRCLE 243 ON READER SERVICE CARD

TRS-80 Graphics, continued...

ments because line renumbering pro-
grams, Basic compilers, and other
versions of Basic almost certainly won’t
allow such things. Besides those prob-
lems, using odd formats of Basic state-
ments makes your programs hard to
read or debug. Only use unusual forms
of Basic statements if you desperately
need to save memory or you want your
program to be incomprehensible.

Multiple IF-THEN-ELSE statements

I often use complex, multiple IF-
then-else statements to consolidate a
long process into one program line. This
eliminates many goto statements so the
program is easier to read and runs faster.
The Level II manual isn’t very helpful in
explaining how to write complex, mul-
tiple if-then-else statements and it
even gives an incorrect example on page
4/17. Contrary to the claim in the man-
ual, you can’t nest if-then-else state-
ments within an if-then-else
statement. (The writers of the manual
were thinking of Fortran or perhaps
PL/1.) else is matched with the most
recent then (or implied then) in that
program line. See the following listings
for examples.

How To Use Vector Plotter

In the instructions you will see the
maximum number of pairs of endpoints
which can be stored (which is the same
as the number of vectors which can be
stored). The maximum number of vec-
tors is calculated in line 100 based on the
amount of free memory. The formula
was arrived at by experimentation. Some
free space is left for use by Basic. The
more free memory you have, the smaller
the percentage used for the coordinate
array.

After the instructions, you are asked if
you want random vectors. Usually, my
programs look for Y and anything else is
treated as no, but in line 1 50 of Vector
Plotter you must reply Y or N.

If you don’t want random vectors,
you are next asked how many vectors
you want to enter. You should ask for as
many or more than you expect to enter.
The computer then asks for the co-
ordinates of the initial and terminal
points. After you enter each pair of end-
point coordinates, the number of end-
point pairs entered so far is printed. You
may leave this loop early by pressing the
S key instead of entering coordinates. To
see instructions, press the H key instead
of entering coordinates. H and S are rec-
ognized only when they are pressed be-
fore you have typed anything in response
to an input request.

Entering Coordinates

If you want a nonzero x coordinate,
type it first. Then if you want a nonzero

y coordinate, type a decimal point fol-
lowed by the y coordinate. If the y co-
ordinate is only one digit, put a zero
between the decimal point and the digit.
If you press enter without typing any-
thing, the x and y values are set to zero
by default. To backspace and erase the
last character, press the key as usual.

The x coordinate must be between 0
and 127. The y coordinate must be be-
tween 0 (bottom of the screen) and 47
(top of the screen) — the y coordinate is
inverted from the standard Level II use
by subtracting the requested y co-
ordinate from 47.

The computer constantly checks to
see if the value you typed has an x or y
coordinate which is too high or too low.
If either the x or y coordinate is
too high or too low, the last digit entered

First sample run of Vector Plotter.

DO YOU WANT RANDOM VECTORS' 7 Y
HOW MANY RANDOM VECTORS? 4

PAIR • 1 PAIR • 3

PAIR • 2 PAIR • 4

Listing l. Demonstration of the Two Problems with the VAL Function.

10 CLEAR lOO* DEFSTR A-B« DEFINT I-Z
20 DATA 1 2, -87 , 1 X.-lOO X

30 CLS* PRINT TAB (6) "EXAMPLE OF TWO PECULIARITIES OF THE VAL FUNCTION" I PRINT
TAB < 19) "BY JOHN CREW 1 1/27/81 "« PRINT
40 PRINT"STRING", "LENGTH", " VAL (STR ING) "

50 FOR 1-1 TO 4* READ A

60 FOR J-O TO It B-STR I NG4 < J , 32 ) ♦A t PRINT B, LEN <B) ,

70 V«VAL<B>

80 PRINT V

90 NEXT J
95 NEXT I

Listing 2. Extra Lines Needed to Make the Program in Listing l Work as Desired.

IS ON ERROR GOTO 100

64 REM LINES 65-66 REMOVE LEADING BLANKS FROM THE STRING NAMED “B". THIS WILL FI
X THE PROBLEM OF A NEGATIVE NUMERIC STRING BEING IGNORED IF THERE ARE BLANKS IN
FRONT OF IT.

65 IF LEN(B>-0 THEN 70 ELSE P-0« FOR K-l TO LEN(B> I IF MIDB < B, K , 1 ) < >“ M TH
EN P-k-li K-256

66 NEXT Kt B-RIGHTB(B,LEN(B)-P>

96 END t REM LINES 100-110 ARE AN ERROR HANDLING SUBROUTINE. ANY ERROR EXCEPT A
SN ERROR IN LINE 70 IS HANDLED IN THE USUAL WAY. LINE 110 AND THE "ELSE" BRANCH
IN LINE 100 ARE ONLY USED FOR A SN ERROR IN LINE 70.

97 REM IF A SN ERROR IN LINE 70 OCCURS, THE STRING NAMED B IS SEARCHED, FROM LEF
T TO RIGHT, FOR A "X" SYMBOL. THEN THE VAL FUNCTION IS USED ON THE PORTION OF TH
E STRING BEFORE THE "X" SYMBOL.

98 REM A REAL SN ERROR IN LINE 70 WON'T BE TREATED AS SUCH. MAKE SURE LINE 70 IS
TYPED CORRECTLY BEFORE RUNNING THE PROGRAM.

lOO IF ERR/2* 102 OR ERL < >70 THEN ON ERROR GOTO O ELSE FOR K-l TO LEN (B) l IF MI
D4 < B, K, 1 )»"X" THEN V-VAL (LEFT* (B, K-l ) ) i K-256
HO NEXT Ki RESUME NEXT

Listing 3. Vector Plotter.

lOO CLEAR 1 2i DEF INTA-Z I RANDOM i MV-F I X < (MEM-477) /9) *2* tDIMC • (MV-l ) iMV-FIX ( (MV+l>/2*

>

105 REM LINES 1 lO & 120 PRINT INSTRUCTIONS

110 QA4-" COORDINATES H I CLS t PR I NTT AB (23) “VECTOR PLOTTER

"TAB (20) "BY JOHN CREW 11/27/81

THIS CAN WORK IN TWO WAYSt THE COMPUTER CAN PLOT RANDOM LINES, OR YOU CAN ENTER
THE X , Y"QA*"OF THE INITIAL AND TERM I NALPO I NTS .

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF L INES- "STR* (MV) " .

( 0 , 0 ) "|

120 PRINT" IS THE LOWER LEFT-HAND POINT. (127,47) IS THE UPPER RIGHT-HAND POINT.

PRESS ’H' FOR HELP INSTEAD OF ENTERING THE"QA*"OF A

POINT.

PRESS IS' TO STOP BFJORE ENTFRINR THE NUMBER- OF LINES YOU
SPECIFY.

"TAB (13) "PRESS ANY KEY BUT 'BREAK’ TO BEGIN" * GOSUB446

140 REM LINES 150-220 EITHER GENERATE RANDOM VECTORS OR CALL THE X,Y COORDINATES
ENTRY SUBROUTINE

150 N-OiCLSi PRINT "DO YOU WANT RANDOM VECTORS? “t

160 G0SUB420I IFQA*-“Y"THENX-1 « GOTO 1 70ELSE I FQA4- "N" THENX-2 « GOTO 1 80ELSE IF " “<-QA*P
RINTCHR* (8) |

165 GOTO 160

210

March 1983 c Creative Computing

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TRS-80 Graphics, continued...

Second sample run of Vector Plotter.

DO YOU WANT RANDOM VECTORS' 7 N

HOW MANY VECTORS DO YOU WANT TO ENTER'' 2

ENTER INITIAL POINT’S COORDINATES''

ENTER TERMINAL POINT’S COORDINATES? 127.47
PAIR • 1

ENTER INITIAL POINT’S COORDINATES* 7 .47
ENTER TERMINAL POINT’S COORDINATES* 7 127
PAIR • 2

is rejected; you aren't allowed to type an
illegal coordinate. If you press a key
which isn't used for coordinate entry, it
is ignored. I have tried to make this pro-
gram foolproof.

After all the coordinates have been
stored, the vectors are drawn. There is a
delay of a few seconds before the first
vector is drawn.

To quit using Vector Plotter, press the
break key. □

170 INPUT”

HOW MANY RANDOM VECTORS” j L I IFL< 1 THEN150ELSE IFMV< LTHEN 1 70ELSE200

180 CLSi INPUT "HOW MANY VECTORS DO YOU WANT TO ENTER” | L * IFL< lORMVL THEN 180

200 I F X -2QA*- ” I N I T I " s GOSUB37C t B 1 *A 1 : QA*- " TERM I N ” i G0SUB370ELSEB • - < RND ( 48 ) - 1 ) / 1 OO*

RND < 1 28 ) - 1 » A • - ( RND ( 48 ) - 1 ) / 1 OO+RND < 1 28 ) - 1

220 C! (N)-B'lC' <N+ 1 > “A ' i N»N+2i PRINT”

PAIR #"N/2i IFN/2<LTHEN200

230 CLS* CLEAR SCREEN BEFORE DRAWING VECTORS
233 REM LINES 235-350 DRAW VECTORS

235 F0RJ-0J0N-1STEP2: XI -FIX <C' < I > > « Y1 *47-F I X < lOO* <C • ( I ) -X 1 ♦. 002) > * X2*F I X (C ' <!♦!>

> * Y2-47-FIX<100$<C' < I ♦ 1 ) -X2+. 002) ) « IFX 1 -X2IFY1-Y2« SET <X1 , Y1 ) * G0T0350ELSEF0RY-Y l T
OY2STEPSGN ( Y2— Y 1 ) t SE T ( X 1 , Y ) i NEXT: G0T0350

250 IFY1 *Y2F0RX=X 1 T0X2STEPSGN < X2-X 1 ) «SET (X, Yi ) iNEXTELSEA' *ABS < (X2-XI ) / (Y2-Y1) ) : I
FA • <■ 1 A ' =SGN ( X2— X 1 ) *A ' : B • -X 1 : FORY»Y 1 T0Y2STEPSGN ( Y2-Y I ) : SET <B • ♦. 5, Y) i B ' =B • ♦A • * NEX
TELSEA ' "SGN < Y2- Y I > /A' : B • -Yl t FORX-X 1T0X2STEPSGN ( X2-X 1 ) » SET ( X , B • ♦. 5) I B ' »B ' ♦A ' i NEXT
350 NEXT

360 GOTU360’ AFTER DRAWING, LOOP HERE
365 REM SUBROUTINE SECTION FOLLOWS

368 REM LINES 370-410 ARE A SUBROUTINE WHICH GETS AND CHECKS X,Y COORDINATES FRO
M THE USER
370 PRINT”

ENTER "QA*”AL POINT'S "i

375 PR I NT "COORD I NATES? "«:B*-”"*I-0

380 G0SUB420: Y-ASC <QA*> : IFY«13A'*INT < VAL < B* > * lOO) / 1 OOi RETURNELSE IF Y»8IF I -OTHEN30

OELSEI-I-l:B*=LEFT*<B*, I) I PR INTCHR* <8) | «G0T0380

390 I F I -O I F Y-72T HEN450ELSE I F Y«83 1 FN-OTHE NCLS I G0T0360ELSE230

400 IFI»60RY< 460R5 7 < YOR Y =47 THE NPR I NTCHR4 (8) iELSEA'*VAL <B*+QA*> * IFA' 128ANDA'-FIX
(A* X. 471 THENB*»=B*+OA*r I « I ♦ 1 ELSEPRI NTCHR* < 8 ) ;

410 GO TO 380

415 REM LINES 420-445 ARE A SUBROUTINE WHICH GETS A l HARACTER FROM THE KEYBOARD
420 PRINTCHR4 (95) |

430 QA*= I NKEY*

44<> UA*— 1 NK E Y* i I FOA* " " ANDO A 4 CHR* ( 8 ) ANDOAi >CHR* < 1 3) T HEN440EI SEPR I NTCHR* ( 8 ) : »
IF” " -QA*PR I N T QA* ;

445 RETURN

446 QAt* INKEY* ’ LINE 446 t 447 ARE A PAUSE SUBROUTINE

447 IF INTEY*-" " THEN447EL SERETURN

449 REM I INFS 450 t# 460 PRINT REMINDERS WHEN THE USER AS! S FOR HELP

450 PRINT”

O =Xv»!27 AND O' *V -47

EN1F.R A NUMBER WITH X BEFORE, AND Y AFTER THE DECIMAL. IF Y IS

ONE DIOITt PUI A ZERO BEFORI IT. FOR - 12 AND I 8, ENTER *12.08 < without uuriTAii
ON MARLS). TO STOL BEFORE ENTERING THE NUMBER OFl IITES YOU SPECIFIED, PRESS ’S’.”
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212

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Part 2

Computer Art For
The Tektronix 4052

440 REN SECOND SUBROUTINE <N»2>

450 UINDOH -600,600. >600*600

460 R»B*<1*0.25*ABS<COS<L*A>-ABS<SIN<L*A>>>>

470 RETURN

480 REN THIRD SUBROUTINE <N>3>

490 HINDOU -501,501,-501,501
500 R s Bt( l+0.25tABS(SIN(LtA))>

510 RETURN
520 X«R*C0S<A>

530 Y«R*SIN<A>

540 IF A>0 THEN 570
550 HOUE X, Y
560 GO TO 580
570 DRAW X, Y

This month I will discuss another po-
lar coordinate program, Sinusoidal Loop
Program No. 2. This routine is some-
what similar in structure to Sinusoidal
Loop Program No. 1 ( Creative Comput-
ing, January, 1983) and is used the same
way. However, the resulting pictures are
quite different.

The present program uses three polar
coordinate functions that differ from
those in the earlier program. Each of

Joe Jacobson, 675 E. Street Road. Apt. 1009.
Warminster. PA 18974.

Joe Jacobson

these functions is the sum of a constant
and a sinusoidal function of the angle.
This results in completely new patterns,
some of which are visually quite striking.

A Basic source listing and some sam-
ple output pictures accompany this arti-
cle. To use this program you will need a
Tektronix 4050 series terminal/
computer. However, the algorithm can
be adapted for other computer systems if

214

the screen resolution is sufficiently high.
Most home computers do not have
enough CRT screen resolution; in this
case you will need a good mechanical X-
Y plotter. Note that the graphics com-
mands (move, draw, window,
viewport) used here are specific to the
Tektronix 4050 series computers.

The program is easy to use. It
prompts the user, asking for values of
the input parameters N, L, D, and G. N
selects a polar coordinate function. L is
an angular frequency coefficient. D is

March 1903 c Creative Computing

589 NEXT A

590 NEXT B

600 FOR C-0 TO L-l STEP 1
610 R*100
620 T«C*<180/L)

630 X»R<COS<T)

640 Y«R*$IN<T>

650 NOME X,Y
660 X*R*COS<T+180)

670 Y-RtSIN<T+180)

680 DRAM X,Y
690 NEXT C

700 IF Tl«l THEN 720
710 END

720 HINDOH 0,130,0,100
730 VIEWPORT 0, 130,0, 100
740 HOVE 0,10

750 PRINT ” SINUSOIDAL LOOP PROGRAM NO.

760 HOVE 0,5
770 PRINT "<N,L,D,G>

780 INPUT J*

100 REN SINUSOIDAL LOOP PROGRAM NO. 2

110 PAGE

120 SET DEGREES

130 PRINT "ENTER N TO SELECT A SUBROUTINE."

140 PRINT * N HUST BE 1,2, OR 3."

150 INPUT N

160 PRINT "ENTER L TO SELECT A PARTICULAR PICTURE."
170 INPUT L

180 PRINT "ENTER D TO ADJUST SPACING"

190 PRINT "BETWEEN ANGULAR SWEEPS."

2 PARAMETERS"

<"|N|","|Ll","|Dr,"lGl")"

200 INPUT D
210 PRINT "ENTER G
220 INPUT G
230 PRINT "ENTER Tl"

240 INPUT Tl

250 IF Tl-2 THEN 280

260 VIEWPORT 22,108,14,100

270 GO TO 290

280 VIEWPORT 15,115,0,100

290 PAGE

300 FOR B*100 TO 400 STEP D

310 FOR A-0 TO 360 STEP G

320 IF N-l THEN 360

330 IF H«2 THEN 380

340 GOSUB 480

350 GO TO 520

360 GOSUB 400

370 GO TO 520

380 GOSUB 440

390 GO TO 520

400 REN FIRST SUBROUTINE <N-1>
410 WINDOW -501 , 501 , -501 , 501
420 R-Bt<l+0.25*SIN<L*A)>

430 RETURN
790 Tl*2
800 GO TO 250

TO ADJUST ANGULAR INCREMENT

the increment in radius that is added be-
tween angular sweeps. G is the in-
crement within an angular sweep.

When the program asks for a value of
the parameter Tl, enter a 1 from the
keyboard. The picture will be plotted
and a list of input parameter values will
be printed at the bottom of the screen for
future reference. Then clear the screen
and hit return, and the same picture
will be plotted again, this time without a
parameter list.

If you enter a 2 for Tl, instead of a 1,
March 1983 c Creative Computing

you get a “clean” plot (no parameter
list) the first time. The program must be
run again for each new design you make.

Table 1 lists the ranges of input
parameters that I have found to give
good designs. However, values outside
these intervals may also work well. The
patterns seem to repeat for L values
larger than about 60 (with G = 5). Note
that L, D, and G can be decimal frac-
tions, such as L = 16.5. This program is
one of several I have recently written.
The others will appear in future issues. □

216

Table 1. Suggested Parameter Values,

Parameter

Range

of Values

From

To

N*

1

3

L

6

60

D

30

50

G

5

15

Ti**

1

2

•N must be 1,

2, or 3.

**T1 must be 1 or 2.

Library Catalog

A Program For Creating A Personal Computer

Home, school, and office libraries
eventually fall victim to the one char-
acteristic that makes libraries unique;
they are the only business whose
inventory is constantly growing.

My house is a good example of the
problems that this constant expansion
can cause. Our living room, master
bedroom, children’s bedrooms, my
office, my wife’s study room, the
kitchen, and even the dining room are
lined with bookshelves. Every year I
trudge to the lumber yard for more
wood to make more bookshelves.

Through much searching over the
years 1 have gotten a general idea of
where different books are kept, and
once I even tried to put them on
shelves in a systematic fashion. Now,
however, most of the systematization
has been lost, and it is more a matter
of where there is room on the shelf
than where the book came from or
should be that governs where it will
be returned.

Further complicating matters is the
fact that many of my bookshelves have
been built with shelf spacing that will
accommodate only small paperback
books. Additional problems arise in
looking for a book which has been
lent to someone.

Large libraries have traditionally

Jeremy M. Heilman. 3.16 Coleman Drive.
Monroeville. PA 15146.

Based Library Catalog

Jeremy M. Heilman

kept track of their books with a card
catalog and a system of check out slips
to track the books out on loan. The
card catalog indexes books in three
ways: by title, by author, and by
subject. Each nonfiction book is given
a catalog number according to either
the Dewey Decimal System or the
Library of Congress system, and fic-
tion books are catalogued alphabet-
ically by author. Some large libraries
have recently implemented comput-
erized check in/ check out procedures,
but the card catalog is still a universal
fixture in most libraries.

Small libraries, those with fewer
than 6000 books, have had to either
make do with a librarian (usually self-
appointed) with a good memory, or
implement the full scale card catalog
and sign in/ sign out systems used by
a larger library.

Home libraries, with fewer than
2000 books, usually go without any
sort of organization at all. The main
price that must be paid for running a
small library without any type of
catalog and sign out system is not
being able to find a particular book
when it is wanted. Another is that no
record of books owned is available

216

for insurance purposes.

A small computer with a disk drive
provides an ideal tool for keeping
track of books in a small library. The
computer has the ability to store data
on large numbers of books and sort the
data by title, author, subject, borrower
name, or even size, if desired. The
availability of small computers in
homes, offices, and schools leads to
the use of the machine as a book
cataloguer.

What The Program Does

The Library Catalog Program de-
scribed here allows you to create and
use a computer based card catalog. It
is written for an Apple 11+ computer
with one disk drive and 48K of
memory.

With the Library Catalog Program
books can be entered or searched for,
records modified, books checked in or
out, information on borrowers or
borrowed books obtained, and all
books in the catalog listed. Data for
approximately 1000 books can be
placed on a mini-floppy disk. If your
library is larger than 1000 volumes,
use additional disks for data storage.
This program is written to lead you
through a file for which data is con-
tained on more than one disk.

The program is versatile. For exam-
ple, a search by author will turn up all
books by the desired author or

March 1983 c Creative Computing

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Library Catalog, continued...

authors. Thus if you are looking for
books by Masters, Library Catalog
will turn up all books by Masters as
well as those by Masters and Johnson.
A search on Masters and Johnson will
sort out all those by Masters and
Johnson, but not by each author indi-
vidually. In searches on subject, any
of three levels of specialization can be
selected. Entries are easily modified,
and all output data is presented in
readable form.

What sets this program apart from
other data base routines is a sequence
in which the catalog number of the
book is determined. Menus which lead
to greater and greater specialization of
the book subject matter are provided.
The Dewey Decimal System has been
used and provides for three levels of
detail; the division, the category, and
the subcategory. For example, the
book Thermodynamics , by Sears
would be catalogued into the division
Pure Science, the category Physics,
and the subcategory Heat.

Should a book on the
history of science be
catalogued under
science or history?

A library school graduate would
probably have very definite ideas as
to exactly how books should be cata-
logued. For example, should a book
on the history of science be catalogued
under science or history? Established
libraries have a set policy on this type
of decision. For an uncatalogued or
home library you are the judge and
common sense and consistency in
assigning numbers will enable a search
to turn up all pertinent books.

The program is completely menu
driven and all inputs are made as
“bomb-proof’ as possible. The length
of the program is in a large part due to
the checking of the validity of each
input and an attempt to make the
instructions very friendly and clear.

The program is written so that no
knowledge of computer programming
is necessary to do any of the cata-
loguing operations. The detailed
description of the program given in
this article is presented to enable the
more advanced programmer to
modify the routines, and the beginning
programmer to understand the pro-
gram logic. If your only interest is in
cataloguing your library, simply type
in the program exactly as listed, and
use it as described in the next section.

How To Use The Program

Once you have successfully entered
the program and created the data files
using the routines supplied, entering
books into the catalog can begin.

The first step is to go through the
house or library and establish an iden-
tification number (ID) consisting of
two letters and one digit for each shelf.
I use room initial, bookshelf location.

Listing l .

1 REM THIS PROGRAM IS COPVRIGHT 1982 BV J.M. MELLON : 336 COLEMAN ORIUE
: M0NR0EU1LLE PR 1514* : PHONE 412-372-90*4
1* REM LIBRARV CATALOG MASTER PROGRAM
28 HI MEM: 38400
30 Of * CARS < 4 >

40 IF PEEK (770) = 56 THEN 270
HOME : OTAB <5)

PRINT TA8< 8>;; INUERSE : PRINT "LIBRARV CATALOG PROGRAM-; NORMAL
PRINT

TA6< 13 )i! INOERSE ; PRINT
PRINT ; PRINT

" TVPE RNV KEV TO BEGIN ";; GET Tf
UTA6 <5>

THIS PROGRAM HILL CATALOG NEW BOOKS**

ANO SEARCH FOR BOOKS BV TITLE# AUTHOR,"

SUBJECT # OR A COMBINATION OF THESE KEVS. **

58

$0

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

160

190

200

210

220

230

PRINT
PRINT
PRINT ;
PRINT
HOME ;
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
INPUT
FOR I

“BV J.M. HELLMAN-; NORMAL

"THE CATALOG IS KEPT IN A FILE"

-WHICH CAN BE ON ONE OR MORE OISKS."

: PRINT

"HOW MANV OISKS CONTAIN CATALOG DATA?"

-ENTER '0' IF JUST STARTING THE CATALOG."

"PRESS 'RETURN' AFTER ENTRV; " ;DNf
* 1 TO LEN < DNf >

IF ASC < MIDf < DNf # I # 1 > > < 48 OR ASC < MlOf <DNf,I,l)> > 57 THEN PRINT
: GOTO 190
240 NEXT I
250 ON = UAL CONf .)

260 POKE 771, UN

HOME ; UTAB <5>

PRINT "00 VOU WANT TO; "

SPC' 2>;"'1> ENTER BOOKS IN CATALOG"

SPC< 2 >;"<2> SEARCH FOR BOOKS BV"

SPC< 8>#-TITLE# AUTHOR, SUBJECT,"

$PC< 8 >;“FICTI0N TVPE OR CATALOG NO."

SPC< 2 >;"<3> MODIFV AN ENTRV, E. 6. "

SPC< 8 ); "CHECK IN/OUT A BOOK,"

SPC< 8); "CHANGE SHELF LOCATION"

SPC< 8 >; "DELETE AN ENTRV"

SPC< 8 >; "OR OTHERWISE MODIFV THE RECORD"

SPC< 2>;"< 4) LIST DATA ON BORROWED BOOKS"

SPC< 8 )i*'E.G. , BOOKS LOANED OUT"

SPC< 8 ); "OR BOOKS TO A BORROWER"

SPC< 2 >;"<5> LIST ALL BOOKS IN CATALOG"

SPC< 2 >;"<6> AOO'REMOUE/LIST BOOKSHELVES"

SPC' 2 >;"<?> QUIT THE PROGRAM"

PRINT "ENTER THE NUMBER OF VOUR SELECTION"

PRINT " ";; GET Tf

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

740

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

420

430

440

450

460

470

480

490

50O

510

520

530

540

550

560

570

580

590

600

610

620

630

640

650

660

670

680

PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT Tf
IF Tf
IF Tf
IF Tf
IF Tf
IF Tf
IF Tf
IF Tf

THEN 566
THEN 550
THEN 580
THEN 610
THEN 630
THEN 650
7" THEN 270

GOTO 670
PRINT Of ;*' RUN CATALOG SEARCH-
PRINT

PRINT Df;"RUN CATALOG ENTER-
PRINT

POKE 773,92
GOTO 550
PRINT

PRINT Of, "RUN CATALOG BORROW"
PRINT

PRINT Of ; "RUN CATALOG LIST-
PRINT

PRINT Of; "RUN CATALOG BOOKSHELF-
PRINT Of; "CLOSE"

END

Listing 2.

1 HEM I HIS PROGRAM IS COPVRIGHT 1982 BV J.M. WELLMAN
; MONROEUILLE PA 15146 ; TELEPHONE 412-372-9*04
10 REM ***** CATALOG ENTER PROGRAM
20 HIMEM; 3840*

30 BLf * "

336 COLEMAN UR I ME

218

March 1983 e Creative Computing

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CCS APPLE SERIAL Interface & Cable . .$1 50

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COMPLETE STOCK OF EPSON

ACCESSORIES SCall

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Library Catalog, continued

Technology Report

Programmer

Productivity

Multiplied

Langhome, PA — Quic-N-Easi
Products Inc. announced availabil-
ity of a complete Applications
Development System called Quic-
N-Easi PRO. The package is
designed to help professional
programmers make a lot more
money by multiplying productivity.

The Quic-N-Easi PRO System
is based on the widely acclaimed
Quic-N-Easi package . . . BYTE,
INFOWORLD and other national
reviews marvel at how fast
absolutely professional results
can be achieved with little effort.

Quic-N-Easi PRO handles the
entire application, including:

□ Formatted Data Entry

□ Data Base Management

□ Information Processing

□ Report Generation
The product is difficult to

compare with simplistic code
generators or half solutions like
so-called data base managers.

Don’t waste any more time with
tedious coding in BASIC. Quic-N-
Easi PRO $395 at your dealer.

nuicneasi rpmnrr

Requirements: Z80, CP/M, 64K
Bytes, 2 Drives, Addressable Cursor.

S Attached is my check for
99.50 ($395 + $4.50 Shipping)

□ MC □ Visa Exp. Date

#

Signature

My system is

With (Microcomputer Model)

B

5V4 Disks DHard □ Soft

8" Disks (Single Sided. Single Density)

-JUT

nulc n easl products Inc

(formerly Standard Microsystems Inc.)
136 Granite Hill Court
Langhorne, PA 19047

Phone order today
(215) 968-5966

280 • a trademark of Zrtog. Inc
CP/M « a regwtered trademark of t>gaai Reaaarcft. Inc

CIRCLE 239 ON READER SERVICE CARD

40 Ml = 0

50 6* = CHRS < 7)

60 BN# = LEFTS <BLS,15>

TO BS « 0: REM BS=0, BOOK ON SHELF ;= l LOPNEO OUT

80 DC = 5

80 OS = CHRS (4)

100 CUM fLS< OC ),WUS< OC >,CNS< DC >.LCS< DC). TPS' OC ),SZS< OC >,FS< 10)
lie FOR I = 1 TO 6
120 REPO FS< I)

130 NEXT I

140 OPTP “N0UEL” ,“PCT I ON/MVSTERV" , “WESTERN” * "SCIENCE FICTION**, “SHORT ST
ORV/COLLECT I ON “ , “CH I LOREN '$ LI TERPTi »RE **

150 ONERR GOTO 2030
160 HOME : UTPB <3>

170 PRINT “NON-FICTION BOOKS IN THE DEWEV OECIMPL”: PRINT “SVSTEM PRE CRT
PLOGEO IN 1000“

1«0 PRINT “CATEGORIES: 10 OIUISIONS;": PRINT SPC< 12)i“10 CPTEGORIES/OIU
ISION;”: PRINT SPC< 12 >i“10 SUBCP TFGOR I ES/CPTEGORV “

190 PRINT s PRINT : PRINT “FICTION BOOKS IN THE PROGRPM PRE“: PRINT “CftTP
LOGED IN THE F0LL0H1NG DIOISIONSs **

200 PRINT SPC( 12 )i“N0UEL“ : PRINT SPC< 12>;“PCTI0N^MVSTERV“: PRINT SPC
( 12); "WESTERN”: PRINT SPC< 12>i“SCIENCE FICTION”: PRINT SPC< 12>;"SH
ORT ST ORV/COLLECT ION": PRINT SPC< 12); “CHILDREN'S LITERPTURE”

210 PRINT : PRINT "CPTPLOG CLPSSI FI OPTIONS PRE NOW”: PRINT “BEING REPO IN
TO THE COMPUTER": PRINT
220 PRINT OS; “OPEN SHELF”

230 PRINT OS; ” REPO SHELF”

240 INPUT NS
250 PRINT DS

260 IF NS = 0 THEN PRINT : PRINT “NO SHELF I.O.'S PRE ON FILE”: FOR I *

1 TO 2000: NEXT Is GOSUB 2020
270 DIM LLS(NS.l)

280 PRINT OS; “REPO SHELF”

290 FOR I = 1 TO NS; INPUT LLS<I,0): INPUT LLS(I,l)i NEXT I
30O PRINT DS; “CLOSE SHELF”

310 DIM SCS< 9,100 )

320 DIM NP< DC >

330 FOR I = 0 TO 9

340 SCS< 1 ,0 > * STRS < I >

350 PRINT DS;“0PFN SC SEO LIST ”;I

360 PRINT DS;“REPD SC SEQ LIST "iT

370 FOR J « 1 TO 100: INPUT SCS<I,J): NEXT J

380 PRINT DS; “CLOSE”

390 NEXT I

400 HIMEM: 20000

410 UN = PEEK <771)

420 PRINT “INSERT DISK FOR CPTPLOG OPTP ^TORPGE. PRINT “PRESS PNV KEV
WHEN VOL* PRE REPDV. “;: GET TS
430 PRINT

440 PRINT

450 PRINT OS; "OPEN LIBREC-120,Ll20“

460 PRINT DS;“REPD LIBREC-120,R0“

470 INPUT RN

488 PRINT DS

490 PRINT : PRINT “THIS DISK CONTPINS “;RN;“ BOOK RECOROS.”: PRINT : FOR
J = 1 TO 1000: NEXT I

500 REM *** RN=NUMBER OF BOOKS ON FILE

510 REM *** 0N=NUHBER OF DISKS CONTPINING RECORDS

528 00 * Is REN ***# UO=OISK C0»JNTER

530 BC * 0: REM BC= COUNTER IN GROUPS OF DC
540 6C = BC ♦ t
550 HOME : UTPB <5): INUERSE
560 PRINT "TITLE:”;: NORMPL : INPUT “ “;TlS
570 PRINT : PRINT

580 INUERSE : PRINT ”PUTHOR<S> LPST </LPST/...) NPME<S>": PRINT "NO COMMPS
OR SPPCES, PLEPSE**": NORMPL : PRINT
598 PRINT “5 NPMES MPXIHUM PER BOOK”: PRINT : INUERSE
600 PRINT “EXPNPLES: NORMPL
610 PRINT " SHPKESPEPRE"

628 PRINT “ MPSTERS/ JOHNSON”

630 PRINT “ H€S1 ERN-WR I TERS-OF -PMER I CP “

640 PRINT

650 INPUT ” “ ;WUS: IF LEN <PUS> > 40 THEN HUS * LEFTS <PUS,40>: IF PSC

< RIGHTS < PUS , 1 ) ) = 47 THEN PUS = LEFTS (PUS, 39)

660 NP = 1

B70 FOR I « 1 TO LEN <PUS>* IF PSC < MlOS < PUS. 1,1)) - 47 THEN NP * HP ♦

1: IF NP * 6 THEN NP = NP - 1:PUS = LEFTS 'PUS, I - 1 ): I * 45

680 NEXT I

690 PRINT

700 INUERSE : PRINT : PRINT “ENTER BOOK HFIGMT”: NORHPL : PRINT TPB< 3);

: INUERSE : PRINT “<S)HPLL - <N)ORHPL - < T )PLL NORMPL : PRINT “ •

;: GET S2S: PRINT SZS

710 SZ = PSC <S 2t>

720 IF SZ = 83 THEN 760

730 IF SZ = 84 THEN 760

740 IF SZ = 78 THEN 760

750 PRINT : GOTO 700

760 PRINT : PRINT

770 INUERSE : PRINT “LOCPTION - ROOM, CPSE, SHELF: “ ;: NORMPL : INPUT “ “ ;LCS

780 PRINT

220

March 1983 e Creative Computing

^ m

SJb

Personal— Entertainment— Business

SOFTWARE

m

Low Discount Prices / 15% to 25% Discount off List Price
Fast Convenient Service / We ship same or next day
Large Selection of Software / Call or Write for our FREE Catlog!

We have all the latest
software— ASK US!
ATARI, IBM PC. CP/M
send for

FREE catalog!

Call Toll Free: (800) 423-5290 In California: (213) 991-9641

BEAGLE

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Price

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Price

DOS BOSS

2400

20.40

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29 50

25.05

Alpha Plot

39 50

33.55

Apple Mechanic

29 50

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BRODERBUND

Apple Panic

2995

25.45

David's Midnight Magic

34 95

29.70

* The Arcade Machine

59.95

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31 95

27.15

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34.95

26.20

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34 95

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34 95

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29 95

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7fe95 56.20

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* CPA Modules #1-4 (each)

250.00

187.50

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74 95

63.70

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Snack Attack

2995

25.45

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34 95

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2995

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Rendezvous

39 95

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32.95

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39 95

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4900

41.65

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49 00

41.65

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* Tax Preparer (1963)

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166.75

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Real Estate Analyzer II .

19500

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39 95

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a Deadline

49.95

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NEW 39 95

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Typing Tutor II

2495

21.20

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175 00

148.75

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84.95

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PENGUIN

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* Sensible Speller

30 00 25.50

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125.00 93.75

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Our

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3995

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Sneakers 29.95

The Joy port 49.95

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Way Out 39.95

* Blade of Blackpoole 39.95

Type Attack 39 95

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1 99-.9S 149.95

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Cartels ft Cutthroats 39.95

Southern Command 59.95

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Tigers in the Snow 39.95

Road to Gettysburg 59 95

Pursuit of the Graf Spee 59.95 I

Guadalcanal Campaign 59 95 I

Cytron Masters 39.95

Galactic Gladiators 39.95

* The Cosmic Balance 39.95

SEUIS 3995

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VISICORP

* Visicalc

Visitrend/Visiplot

Visidex

Visible

39 95

33.95

59 95

50.95

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44.95

39 95

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3995

33.95

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59 95

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59 95

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39 95

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,••75 SOFTWARE PUBLISHING AD *

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37.45 DB Master 229.00 194.65 GEBELLI • HAYDEN

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29.70 * Select- a- Pori 59.95 44.95 ” YOU dOP t S©e it. Ask Us!

Call Toll Free: (800) 423-5290 In California: (2 1 3) 991-964 1

We accept Mastercard & Visa (include # and Expiration Date), check. COD (S 1 .50 extra), or Money
Order. California residents add 6% sales tax. Include $2.00 for shipping (UPS Blue Label $3.00.
Canada $6.00. other foreign countries $10.00).

■k Sale prices are through February only! Prices subject to change without notice.

CIRCLE 122 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Library Catalog, continued...

and shelf number. For example, the
ID of a bookshelf with the description
“Melissa’s room, desk bookshelf, top
shelf’ would be MD1.

Run Catalog Master, and the com-
puter will ask for the number of disks
containing catalog data (zero in this
initial case), and the menu shown in
Figure I will appear on the screen.
Select the bookshelf option (6), and a
new menu will appear (Figure 2).
Choose (I) to add shelves to the
library, and follow the instructions to
supply ID, size (S-short; N-normal;
T-tall), and location description.
When all shelves are entered, return
to the menu and select (4), END
SHELF OPERATIONS.

Figure 1. The primary menu .

DO YOU WANT TO:

(1) ENTER BOOKS IN CATALOG

(2) SEARCH FOR BOOKS BY

TITLE, AUTHOR, SUBJECT,

FICTION TYPE OR CATALOG NO.

(3) MODIFY AN ENTRY, E.G.

CHECK IN/OUT A BOOK
CHANGE SHELF LOCATION
DELETE AN ENTRY

OR OTHERWISE MODIFY THE RECORD

(4) LIST DATA ON BORROWED BOOKS

E.G. BOOKS LOANED OUT
OR BOOKS TO A BORROWER

(5) LIST ALL BOOKS IN CATALOG

(6) ADD/REMOVE/LIST BOOKSHELVES

(7) QUIT THE PROGRAM

ENTER THE NUMBER OF YOUR SELECTION

Figure 2. The bookshelf menu.

BOOKSHELF IDENTIFICATION PROGRAM
DO YOU WISH TO

(1) ADD SHELVES TO THE LIBRARY

(2) REMOVE SHELVES FROM LIBRARY

(3) GET A SHELF DIRECTORY

(4) END SHELF OPERATIONS
ENTER THE NUMBER OF YOUR SELECTION

The primary menu will appear once
more, and selection (I) will permit
book entry. A message asking you to
replace the Catalog Master disk with a
disk for book data storage will appear.
When this is done the program will tell
you how many books are currently in
storage on the disk. Once again, it is
zero in this initial case.

The computer then requests title,
author, location ID, and whether the
book is fiction or nonfiction. If the
book is nonfiction, the cataloguing
process proceeds. For example, the
book / Hear America Talking would

790 IF LEN (LC*) < >3 THEN 770

&W0 IF ASC < LEFT* <LC*,1>> < 65 OR ASC ( LEFT* <LC*,1)> > 90 GOTO 770
810 IF ASC < MID* <LC*,2,1>> < 65 OR ASC < MIO* <LC*.2.1)> > 90 GOTO 770

820 IF ASC < RIGHT* <LC*,l >> < 48 OR ASC < RIGHT* <LC*,1>> > 57 GOTO 770

930 Hi = 0: FOR 2V * 1 TO NS: IF LC* * LL *(ZV,0> THEN HI = 1:ZZ = ASC (LL
*<ZY#1 )>:ZV = NS ♦ 1
840 NEXT ZV

850 IF HI = 0 THEN PRINT "SHELF GIUEN IS NOT ON FILE": PRINT "00 VOU HANT
A SHELF DIRECTORV <V^N>? "i: GET 1*: PRINT : IF T* * "V" THEN GOSUB
2380

860 IF HI * 0 THEN PRINT : GOTO 770

870 WF = 0: IF SZ = 84 AND ZZ * 83 THEN MF « l

880 IF SZ * 84 ANO ZZ * 78 THEN HF * 1

890 IF SZ * 78 AND ZZ * 83 THEN HF * 1

900 IF MF * 1 THEN PRINT “BOOK TOO TALL FOR SHELF": PRINT "DO VOU WANT A
SHELF DIRECTORV <V/N>? ";: GET T*: PRINT : IF T* = "V" THEN GOSUB
2300

910 IF MF * 1 THEN PRINT : GOTO 770

920 INUERSE : PRINT "FICTION OR NON-FICTION <F/N)?"it NORMAL : PRINT "

: GET TP*

930 PRINT TP*

940 IF TP* * M F" GOTO 1300

950 IF TP$ < > "N" THEN PRINT : GOTO 920

960 HOME

970 UTAB (3): PRINT SPC< 15)i"0IUISI0NS": PRINT : PRINT

980 FOR I = 0 TO 9

990 PRINT Ii" ";SC*< I#1 >

1000 NEXT I
1010 PRINT

1020 PRINT "ENTER OIUISTON NUMBER ";r GET T*: PRINT T*

1030 IF ASC (T*) < 48 OR ASC (T*) > 57 THEN PRINT : GOTO 960
1O40 OU = UAL <T*>

1050 HOME : UTAB <3>

1060 PRINT "OIUISION: ";SC*<OU,l>

1070 PRINT

1U80 FOR I * 0 TO 9

1090 PRINT Ii" " #SC*< DU#< I * 10) ♦ 1>

1100 NEXT I
1110 PRINT : PRINT

1120 PRINT "ENTER CATEGORY NUMBER" i SPC< 25>i"0R 'X' FOR OIUISION LISTING :* „
GET C*: PRINT C*

1130 IF C* = "X" GOTO 960

1140 IF ASC <C*) < 48 OR ASC (C*> > 57 THEN PRINT : GOTO 1120
1150 HOME : UTAB <3>: PRINT "CATEGORY: "iSC*<DU,< UAL <C*> * 10) + 1 )

1160 PRINT

1170 FOR I « 1 TO 10: PRINT I - li SPC< 2>;SC*<OU,10 ♦ UAL <C*> ♦ I): NEXT I
1180 PRINT

1190 PRINT "ENTER SUBCATEGORV NUMBER"; SPC< 25)i"0R 'X' FOR CATE60RV LIST
ING GET S*: PRINT S*

1200 PRINT

1210 IF S* * "X" GOTO 1050

1220 IF ASC <S*> < 48 OR ASC <S*) > 57 THEN 1190
1230 S* * STR* < UAL (S*) ♦ 1)

1240 CN « OU * 100 ♦ UAL <C*> * 10 + UAL <S*) - 1
1250 IF CN < 10 THEN CHS * "00" ♦ STR* <CN>: GOTO 1280

1260 IF CN < 100 THEN CN* » "0" ♦ STR* <CN): GOTO 1280

1270 CN* = STR* (CN)

1280 GOSUB 1520
1290 GOTO 1430
1300 HOME : UTAB <5>

1310 PRINT "FICTION"

1320 PRINT : PRINT

1330 FOR I * 1 TO 6

1340 PRINT I# SPC< 2);F*< I )

1350 NEXT I
1360 PRINT : PRINT

1370 PRINT "ENTER CATEGORY NUMBER: GET T*: PRINT T*

JF ASC < T* ) < 49 OR ASC <T*> > 54 THEN PRINT : 60T0 1300
1390 FC = UAL <T*)

1400 CN * FC * 100
1410 GOSUB 1520
1420 CN* = STR* (CN)

1430 TL*< BC > = TL*:AU*<BC) = AU*:CN*<BC> « CN*:LC*<BC) = LC*:TP*<BC) * TP*

: SZ*< BC ) = SZ*

1440 NA< BC ) = NA

1450

1460

1470

1480

1490

1500

1510

1520

1530

1540

1550

1560

1570

1580

1590

1600

IF BC = OC then GOSUB 1770:BC * 0
PRINT : PRINT "ENTER 'C' FOR NEXT BOOK"
PRINT "ENTER 'O' TO ENO BOOK ENTRY"
PRINT $PC< 10 )t GET T*: PRINT
IF T* » "Q" ANO BC * 0 THEN GOSUB 1970
IF T* « "Q" THEN GOSUB 1770
GOTO 540

REM ***** SUBROUTINE TO PRINT ENTRY FOR CHECK
HOME : UTAB (3)

PRINT "TITLE: "iTL*: PRINT
PRINT "AUTHOR: ";AU*: PRINT
PRINT "NUMBER OF AUTHORS: "iNA: PRINT
PRINT "LOCATION: ";LC*: PRINT

THEN PRINT MB00K HEIGHT: NORMAL": PRINT : 60T0 1610
IF SZ* * "S" THEN PRINT "BOOK HEI6HT: SMALL": PRINT : GOTO 1610
PRINT "BOOK HEI6HT : TALL": PRINT

222

March 1983 ° Creative Computing

AARDVARK - THE ADVENTURE PLACE

ADVENTURES FOR OSI, TRS-80, TRS-80 COLOR, SINCLAIR, PET, VIC-20

ADVENTURES — Adventures are a unique
form of computer game. They let you spend
30 to 70 hours exploring and conquering a
world you have never seen before. There is
little or no luck in Adventuring. The rewards
are for creative thinking, courage, and wise
gambling — not fast reflexes.

In Adventuring, the computer speaks and
listens to plain English. No prior knowledge
of computers, special controls, or games is re-
quired so everyone enjoys them -even people
who do not like computers.

Except for Quest, itself unique among Ad-
venture games. Adventures are non-graphic.
Adventures are more like a novel than a comic
book or arcade game. It is like reading a par-
ticular exciting book where you are the main
character.

All of the Adventures in this ad are in Basic.
They are full featured, fully plotted adventures
that will take a minimum of thirty hours (in
several sittings) to play.

Adventurma requires 16k on Sinclair, TRS-
80, and TRS-80 Color. They require 8k on OSI
and 13k on VIC-20. Sinclair requires extended
BASIC.

TREK ADVENTURE by Bob Retells - This
one takes place aboard a familiar starship and
is a must for trekkies. The problem is a famil-
iar one — The ship is in a "decaying orbit"
(the Captain never could learn to park!) and
the engines are out (You would think that in
all those years, they would have learned to
build some that didn't die once a week). Your
options are to start the engine, save the ship,
get off the ship, or die. Good Luck.

Authors note to players — I wrote this one
with a concordance in hand. It is very accurate
— and a lot of fun. It was nice to wander
around the ship instead of watching it on T.V.

CIRCLE WORLD by Bob Anderson - The

Alien culture has built a huge world in the
shape of a ring circling their sun. They left
behind some strange creatures and a lot of ad-
vanced technology. Unfortunately, the world
is headed for destruction and it is your job to
save it before it plunges into the sun I

Editors note to players — In keeping with
the large scale of Circle World, the author
wrote a very large adventure. It has a lot of
rooms and a lot of objects in them. It is a very
convoluted, very complex adventure. One of
our largest. Not available on OSI.

HAUNTED HOUSE by Bob Anderson This
one is for the kids. The house has ghosts, gob-
lins, vampires and treasures — and problems
designed for the 8 to 13 year old. This is a
real adventure and does require some thinking
and problem solving - but only for kids.

Authors note to players -This one was fun
to write. The vocabulary and characters were
designed for younger players and lots of things
happen when they give the computer com-
mands. This one teaches logical thought, map-
ping skills, and creativity while keeping their
interest.

ALSO FROM AARDVARK - This i
TRS-80 Color and OSI), business |

DERELICT by Rodger Olsen and Bob Ander

son — For Wealth and Glory, you have to ran-
sack a thousand year old space ship. You'll
have to learn to speak their language and
operate the machinery they left behind. The
hardest problem of all is to live through it.

Authors note to players — This adventure
is the new winner in the "Toughest Adventure
at Aardvark Sweepstakes". Our most difficult
problem in writing the adventure was to keep
it logical and realistic. There are no irrational
traps and sudden senseless deaths in Derelict.
This ship was designed to be perfectly safe for
its' builders. It just happens to be deadly to
alien invaders like you.

NUCLEAR SUB by Bob Retells - You start
at the bottom of the ocean in a wrecked Nu-
clear Sub. There is literally no way to go but
up. Save the ship, raise her, or get out of her
before she blows or start WWIII.

Editors note to players— This was actually
plotted by Rodger Olsen, Bob Retelle, and
someone you don't know - Three of the nas-
tiest minds in adventure writing. It is devious,
wicked, and kills you often. The TRS-80 Color
version has nice sound and special effects.

EARTHQUAKE by Bob Anderson and Rodger
Olsen — A second kids adventure. You are
trapped in a shopping center during an earth-
quake. There is a way out, but you need help.
To save yourself, you have to be a hero and
save others first.

Authors note to players - This one feels
good. Not only is it designed for the younger
set (see note on Haunted House), but it also
plays nicely. Instead of killing, you have to
save lives to win this one. The player must
help others first if he/she is to survive — I like
that.

Please specify system on all orders

s only a partial list of what we carry. We have a
programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. S

PYRAMID by Rodger Olsen - This is one of
our toughest Adventures. Average time
through the Pyramid is 50 to 70 hours. The
old boys who built this Pyramid did not mean
for it to be ransacked by people like you.

Authors note to players — This is a very
entertaining and very tough adventure. I left
clues everywhere but came up with some in-
genous problems. This one has captivated
people so much that I get calls daily from as
far away as New Zealand and France from
bleary eyed people who are stuck in the
Pyramid and desperate for more clues.

QUEST by Bob Retelle and Rodger Olsen -
THIS IS DIFFERENT FROM ALL THE
OTHER GAMES OF ADVENTURE!!!! It is
played on a computer generated map of
Alesia. You lead a small band of adventurers
on a mission to conquer the Citadel of Moor-
lock. You have to build an army and then arm
and feed them by combat, bargaining, explora-
tion of ruins and temples, and outright ban-
ditry. The game takes 2 to 5 hours to play
and is different each time. The TRS-80 Color
version has nice visual effects and sound. Not
available on OSI. This is the most popular
game we have ever published.

MARS by Rodger Olsen — Your ship crashed
on the Red Planet and you have to get home.
You will have to explore a Martian city, repair
your ship and deal with possibly hostile aliens
to get home again.

Authors note to players - This is highly
recommended as a first adventure. It is in no
way simple —playing time normally runs from
30 to 50 hours — but it is constructed in a
more "open" manner to let you try out ad-
venturing and get used to the game before
you hit the really tough problems.

ADVENTURE WRITING/DEATHSHIP by
Rodger Olsen — This is a data sheet showing
how we do it. It is about 14 pages of detailed
instructions how to write your own adven-
tures. It contains the entire text of Deathship.
Data sheet $3.95. NOTE: Owners of OSI,
TRS-80, TRS-80 Color, and Vic 20 computers
can also get Deathship on tape for an addi-
tional $5.00.

PRICE AND AVAILABILITY:

All adventures are $14.95 on tape except
Earthquake and Haunted House which are
$9.95. Disk versions are available on OSI and
TRS-80 Color for $2.00 additional.

lot of other games (particularly for the
►end $1.00 for our complete catalog.

AARDVARK - 80

2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Ml 48088
(313) 669-3110

Phone Orders Accepted 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri.

TRS-80 COLOR SINCLAIR OSI

VIC-20

CIRCLE 101 ON READER SERVICE CARD

BMC. The
Best for your

If you choose your display monitor with the same care you’ve given to the other components
of your business or personal computer system, you’ll choose BMC.

The BMt-12AU features a P31 picture tube that gives you a large, bright 12inch diagonal green
display with a bold 80x24 character format that is remarkably easy on your eyes And each
unit is given a careful underscan adjustment at the factory so even the corners are clear and
sharp. The BM-12AU
connects quickly and
simply to most popular
computers with no
interface or modifications
needed. But best of all the
BM-12AU is designed to
fit your budget. Compare
specifications, quality and
price. BMC is the logical
choice.

BM-12AU

• input Signals Composite Video Signal
Negative SYNC

10 ^0 3V PP 75ohm

• CRT Size 31 cm diag (12 inch diag )

• Phosphor P31 (Green)

• Semiconductors

1C 1, Transistors 14 Diodes 14

• Video Amp Bandwidth 15 MHz

• Display Format

1920 Characters max (80 char X 24 lines)

• Power Input AC 120V 60Hz/230V 50Hz

• Power Consumption 26W
Dimensions 40 0(W) X 28 5(H) X 32 0(D)cm

Weight 6 3 kgs (13 9 lbs )

()BMC USA I IMG

LOS ANGELES NEW YORK

20610 Manhattan Place Suite 112, Torrance. CA 90501 450 Bareli Avenue. Carlstadt. N J 07072

Telex 698641 BMC USA TRNC Phone 213-320-9880. 9881 Telex 133221 BMC NY CARL Phone 201-939-7079.7061

CIRCLE 116 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Library Catalog, continued...

produce the set of classification data
shown in Figures 3a, 3b, and 3c as
selections 4, 2, and 1 were chosen to
catalog the book as Written and
Spoken English, catalog number 421.
If the book had been fiction, the menu
shown in Figure 3d would have been
displayed.

Figure 3a. The division menu.

DIVISIONS

0 GENERALITIES

1 PHILOSOPHY & REL DISCIPLINES

2 RELIGION

3 SOCIAL SCIENCES

4 LANGUAGE

5 PURE SCIENCES

6 TECHNOLOGY (APPLIED SCIENCE)

7 THE ARTS

8 LITERATURE (BELLES - LETTRES)

9 GENERAL GEOG & HIST

ENTER DIVISION NUMBER

Figure 3b. The category menu.

DIVISION: LANGUAGE

0 LANGUAGE

1 LINGUISTICS

2 ENGLISH & ANGLO-SAXON LANGS

3 GERMANIC LANGS

4 ROMANCE LANGS- FRENCH

5 ITAL- ROMANIAN- RHAETO- ROMANIC

6 SPANISH & PORT LANGS

7 ITALIC LANGS - LATIN

8 HELLENIC LANGS-CLASSICAL GREEK

9 OTHER LANGS

ENTER CATEGORY NUMBER

OR ’X' FOR DIVISION LISTING

Figure 3c. The subcategory menu.

CATEGORY: ENGLISH & ANGLO-SAXON LANGS

0 ENGLISH & ANGLO-SAXON LANGS

1 WRITTEN & SPOKEN ENG

2 ENG ETYMOLOGY

3 ENG DICTIONARIES

4 *

5 ENG STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

6 *

7 NONSTANDARD ENG

8 STANDARD ENG USAGE

9 ANGLO-SAXON (OLD ENG)

ENTER SUBCATEGORY NUMBER

OR 'X' FOR CATEGORY LISTING

Figure 3d

Catalog menu for fiction books.

FICTION

1 NOVEL

2 ACTION/MYSTERY

3 WESTERN

4 SCIENCE FICTION

5 SHORT STORY/COLLECTION

6 CHILDREN'S LITERATURE

ENTER CATEGORY NUMBER:

1610 IF TP* * "F" THEN PRINT “BOOK TVPE: FICTION": PRINT : GOTO 170O

1629 PRINT “BOOK TVPE: NON-FICTION“ : PRINT

1630 PRINT “DIUISION: ";SC*<DU,1>: PRINT

1640 PRINT "CATE60RV: ";SC*<DU.< UAL <C*> * 10 > ♦ 1)

1658 PRINT

1660 PRINT " SUBChTEGORV : ";SC*<DU,10 * «»AL <C t> ♦ UAL <S*>>

1670 PRINT : PRINT "CATALOG NUMBER: " ;CN*

1680 PRINT
1690 GOTO 1710

1700 PRINT "CATEGORV: "F*<FC>: PRINT

1710 PRINT "ENTER X' TO RE-ENTER THIS BOOK;"

1720 PRINT "ENTER ANV OTHER KEV TO CONTINUE.

1730 GET T*

1740 PRINT : PRINT

1750 IF T* * "X" THEN POP : GOTO 558
1760 RETURN

1770 REM ***** SUBROUTINE TO MRITE DATA TO DISK
1780 IF BC = 0 THEN RETURN
1790 PRINT D*

180O FOR J * 1 TO BC
1810 RN = RN ♦ 1

1820 IF LEN < TL*< J ) > < 40 THEN TL*<J> * TL*<J> ♦ LEFT* <BL*.48 - LEN
<TL*< J))>

1830 Tl*< J) = LEFT* <TL*< J>.40)

1840 IF LEN <AU*(J>> < 40 THEN AU*< J) = AU*< J> * LEFT* <BL*.40 - LEN
<AU*' J>>>

1850 AU*<J> = LEFT* < AU*< J >#40 >

I860 PRINT 0*; "WRITE LIBREC-120.R" ;RN

1870 PRINT TL*< J ): PRINT AU*<J>: PRINT TP*< J>, PRINT CN*<J>: PRINT LC*< J)

: PRINT SZ*<J>

1880 PRINT NA<J>

1890 PRINT BS: PRINT BN*

1908 PRINT D*

1910 NEXT J

1928 PRINT D*;“ WRITE LIBREC-128.R0"

1930 PRINT RN
1940 PRINT 0*

1950 IF T* = "Q" THEN 1970

I960 RETURN

1970 PRINT D*; "CLOSE"

1980 HOME : UTAB < 8 >: PRINT "RETURN CATALOG MASTER' DISK TO ORIUE."

1990 PRINT : PRINT "PRESS ANV KEV WHEN VOU ARE READV. GET T*

2800 PRINT
2010 HIMEM: 38480

2028 POP : HOME : POKE 770.56: PRINT 0*;"RUN CATALOG MASTER-
2830 REM ***** ERROR ROUTINE TO PREPARE NEW DISK
2048 ER = PEEK <222)

2058 IF ER = 5 THEN 2128

2060 IF ER s 8 OR ER = 9 OR ER * 4 THEN 2088
2070 GOTO 2110

2088 PRINT : PRINT G*;G*; 6* ;"****♦** DISK CANNOT ACCEPT DATA ♦***♦**“

2898 PRINT SP€< 5>;"CHECK DRIUE DOOR AND'OR INSERT": PRINT “INITIALIZED
DISK WITH SPACE FOR STORAGE"

2108 PRINT SPC< 4 >i"DISK MUST NOT BE WRITE PROTECTED *": MT * 1: GOTO 2288
2110 PRINT "ERROR FOUND COOE " ;ER: PRINT "ON LINE PEEK <218) ♦ PEEK
<219) * 256: EMO

2120 PRINT D*; "OPEN LIBREC-120.L120"

2138 PRINT D*; "WRITE L1BREC-120.R8"

2148 NN * 0

2150 PRINT NN

2160 PRINT 0*; "CLOSE"

2170 ON * ON ♦ 1: POKE 771. DN
2180 IF MT = 1 THEN 2210
2198 GOTO 458

2200 PRINT : PRINT "PRESS ANV KEV WHEN VOU ARE REAOV GET M*s PRINT : PRINT

2218 PRINT D*;"OREN LIBREC-120.L128"

2228 PRINT D*;"REAO L1BREC-120.R8"

2230 INPUT RN
2248 PRINT D*

2250 PRINT : PRINT "THIS DISK CONTAINS " ;RN;" BOOK RECOROS.": FOR LU = 1 TO
1000: NEXT LU* PRINT
2268 MT = 0

2278 IF BC * DC THEN 1450
2280 IF T* = "0" THEN 1588
2298 GOTO 458

2300 REM SUBROUTINE FOR SHELF DIRECTORV
2318 HOME : UTAB <5>

2328 PRINT SPC< 12); "SHELF DIRECTORV"

2338 PRINT : PRINT
2348 FOR ZW = 1 TO NS

2350 PRINT SPC< 7);"I0 = ";LL*<ZW.8>; SPC< 5>;"SHELF SIZE* ";LL*<ZW.1>

2368 FOR ZU = 1 TO 50U: NEXT ZU
2370 NEXT ZW

2380 PRINT : PRINT "RERUN DIRECTORV (V^N)? GET T*: PRINT
2390 IF T* = "V" THEN 2388
2408 HOME : UTAB <5>

2418 IMMERSE : PRINT "TITLE:";: NORMAL : PRINT " " ;TL*: PRINT
2428 INUERSE : PRINT “AUTHOR:";: NORMAL : PRINT " ";AU*r PRINT
2438 INMERSE : PRINT "BOOK HEIGHT:";: NORMAL : PRINT " "*SZ*: PRINT
2440 RETURN

225

March 1983 c Creative Computing

Library Catalog, continued...

At this time a listing of all the data
typed in for the book is presented
(Figure 4), and you are given the
opportunity to make changes. When
the entry is correct, the next book is

Figure 4. Listing for checking entry.

TITLE: I HEAR AMERICA TALKING

AUTHOR: FLEXNER

NUMBER OF AUTHORS: 1

LOCATION: JE3

BOOK HEIGHT: TALL

BOOK TYPE: NON-FICTION

DIVISION: LANGUAGE

CATEGORY: ENGLISH & ANGLO SAXON LANGS

SUBCATEGORY: WRITTEN & SPOKEN ENG

CATALOG NUMBER: 421

ENTER 'X 1 TO RE-ENTER THIS BOOK
ENTER ANY OTHER KEY TO CONTINUE

Figure 5. Menu for book search.

DO YOU WISH TO:

1 SEARCH ON TITLE

2 SEARCH ON AUTHOR

3 SEARCH ON SUBJECT/FICTION TYPE

4 SEARCH ON CATALOG NUMBER

5 END SEARCH

ENTER THE NUMBER OF YOUR CHOICE

Figure 6.

Menu for borrowing information.

DO YOU WISH TO LIST

(1) ALL BOOKS LOANED OUT

(2) BOOKS LOANED TO A GIVEN PERSON

OR (3) END THE SEARCH
ENTER THE NUMBER OF YOUR SELECTION

entered. When all books have been
entered, the primary menu is once
more displayed.

When all books are entered, the
Library Catalog Program can be used
for searches, recording borrowed and
returned books, and listing all books
on file. The menu for searches is shown
in Figure 5.

If the SUBJECT/ FICTION TYPE
selection is made, the classifications
are once again presented to aid in
subject selection. For information on
borrowing, the menu shown in Figure
6 enables several selections. Option 3
from the main menu, permits any
record to be modified, from check in/
check out to correction of spelling to
complete deletion of the book from
the file.

Listing 3.

1 REM THIS PROGRAM IS COPYRIGHT 1982 Bv j.M. HELLMAN : 738 COLEMAN OR I ME
s MONROEUILLE PA 15148 : PHONE 412-372-9804
18 REM ♦** CATALOG SEARCH PROGRAM
28 BLS * M
30 OS = CARS < 4 >

40 MOO = 8
50 PRINT OS

68 IF PEEK < 773 > * 92 THEN MOO = !

70 POKE 773.0

80 BRS « • *

98 HOME : UTAB <10)

180 POKE 778,58
110 ON = PEEK <771 >

128 UNERR GOTO 3778
130 DIM SCS<9,100>.F$<6>

148 DIM AMS< 5 >,NMS< 4 )

150 IF MOO = 1 THEN HIMEM: 20080:OS = CARS < 4 >: GOTO 488
188 PRINT $PC< 9);: INUERSE : PRINT -CATALOG SEARCH PROGRAM' s NORMAL
178 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT "CATALOG CLASSIFICATION DATA": PRINT "IS NOW BE
ING ENTERED INTO THE COMPUTER."

188 FOR I = 8 TO 9
198 SCS<I.0) = SIRS <I>

200 PRINT OS ; "OPEN SC SEQ LIST ";I

210 PRINT OS; "READ SC SEO LIST ";I

228 FOR J = 1 TO 188: INPUT SCS(I.J): NEXT J

238 PRINT OS; "CLOSE"

248 NEXT I
250 HIMEM: 20088

260 F*1 > = “NOUEL ":Ft< 2 ) * "ACTION/MYSTERY" :FS< 3) = "WESTERN" :FS< 4 > = "SC
IENCE FICTION" :FS< 5 > * "SHORT STORY 'COLLECT I ON" :F$< 6 > * "CHILDREN'S
LITERATURE"

270

288

298

380

310

320

330

540

350

760

NORMAL : HOME : UTAB <5>

HOME : UTAB <5>

PRINT OS

PRINT "00 YOU WISH TO: "

PRINT SPC( 6 >;"1 SEARCH ON TITLE"

PRINT SPC< 6 )i"2 SEARCH ON AUTHOR"

PRINT SPCc 8 >;"3 SEARCH ON SUBJECT/FICTION TYPE"

PRINT SPC< 6 >;"4 SEARCH ON CATALjOG NUMBER-

PRINT SPC< 6 >;"5 END SEARCH"

PRINT : PRINT "ENTER THE NUMBER OF YOUR CHOICE ";: GET CHS: PRINT CHS

378 IF ASC < CHS > < 49 OR ASC (CHS) > 54 THEN 368
388 CH = UAL < CHS >

390 ON CH GOTO 408,818, 1470,2190.2260
408 HOME : UTAB <5>:D0 = l:HI * O
418 PRINT "ENTER BOOK TITLE:"

420 INPUT " " ;TTS

438 LT = LEN < TTS >: IF LT > 48 THEN TTS = i.EFTS < ITS.40)

448 REM ♦****♦ START SEARCH

458 PRINT : PRINT "INSERT CATALOG DATA DISK * ";D0;" IN ORIUE"

468 PRINT : PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY WHEN YOU ORE READY"

470 GET TS: PRINT
480 HOME : UTAB < 10 >

498 PRINT SPC< 15);: INUERSE : PRINT "SEARCHING": NORMAL
588 PRINT OS; "OPEN LIBREC-120.L128"

518 PRINT OS; "RE AO LIBREC-120.R8"

520 INPUT RN
530 PRINT OS

540 IF RN = 0 THEN PRINT "NO BOOKS ON FILE ON THIS OISK.": GOTO 738
558 PRINT : PRINT "THIS DISK CONTAINS ";RN;" BOOK RECORDS.": PRINT
568 FOR I = 1 TO RN
578 TE = 8

588 PRINT OS; "READ LIBREC-120.R" ; I
598 INPUT TLS
808 PRINT OS

610 IF LEFTS CTLS.LT) = TTS THEN HI » 1: NORMAL :TE * l: G0SU6 2330: IF

MOO < >1 THEN PRINT "CONTINUE SEARCH <Y/N)7 ";: GET XS: PRINT XS: IF
XS » "N" THEN 278
620 IF TE = 0 THEN 710
638 IF MOO < >1 THEN 718

640 PRINT OS: PRINT : PRINT : PRINT : PRINT

658 PRINT : PRINT "DO YOU WANT TO 1 MOOIFV": PRINT SPC< 16>;"2 DELETE

": PRINT SPC< 16);"3 LEAUE UNCHANGED": PRINT "THIS BOOK RECORD.": PRINT
"ENTER SELECTION NUMBER: ";

868 GET OS: PRINT QS:0 = UAL CQS)

670 IF Q = 1 THEN GOTO 2838
688 IF 0 * 2 THEN 3570
698 IF Q * 3 THEN 3520

708 PRINT "INUALID SELECTION. TRY AGAIN.": GOTO 658
718 NEXT I
728 PRINT OS
738 00 = DO ♦ 1

740 IF DO > ON THEN NORMAL : GOTO 770
758 PRINT OS
768 GOTO 458

226

March 1983 c Creative Computing

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12" Hi Res Green 125

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Condor 265

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Inventory 150

Micro Tax I 289

Visicalc 189

EDUCATIONAL

Milton Bradley $Call

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Plato $Call

Learning Company $Call

GAMES

Wizardry $39.95

Slime 34.95

Frogger 29.95

Chop Litter 29.95

Princess and Wiz 27.95

Rendezvous 24.95

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SUPPLY CENTER

Personal Computer

MBA $695

Wordstar 289

Mailmerge 90

Spellstar 149

Visicalc 179

Crosstalk 167

Seattle Memory
With Serial Port

64K

128K

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256K

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538

688

798

495

Oavong Hard Disk 1649

Micro Tax 289

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STORE HOURS: 10 TO 8 P.M. DAILY
10 TO 5 P.M SAT.

Library Catalog, continued

PERSONAL

COMPUTERS

COMMODORE

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Computers for people.

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OUTSIDE CA CALL:

8 00-2 2 7-2 520

’70 IF MI = 1 AND HOD 3 1 THEN GOTO 3540

700 IF HI = 1 THEN PRINT 0$: PRINT : PRINT "THIS IS THE END OF THIS SEARCH."

: PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE. M : GET KKS: PRINT : PRINT s GOTO 280
GOSUB 3720
80O 6010 280

810 HOME : UTAB <5>:0D = 1:HI * 0: FOR I * 0 TO 4;NM*< I> = "": NEXT I
820 PL* * •*

830 P RINT "ENTER AUTHOR<S> LAST < 'LAST/. . . > NAME<S>“

840 PRINT “NO COMMAS OR SPACES , PLEASE • M
850 PRINT "EXAMPLES: SHAKESPEARE"

880 PRINT - MASTERS/ JOHNSON"

870 PRINT : INPUT - " ;AA*

880 IF LEN < AP* > > 40 THEN AA* = LEFT* < AA*,40 >

890 IF LEN <:AA* ) < 40 THEN AA* = AA* ♦ LEFT* <BL*,40 - LEN < AA* > >

900 N* = " " : NN = l
910 FOR I = 1 TO 40
920 A* = MID* < AA* » I , 1 >

930 IF ASC < A* ) = 47 THEN NN = NN ♦ 1:NM*< NN - 2> = N*:N* * GOTO 980

940 IF ASC <U *> = 32 THEN I » 42: GOTO 9S0

950 N* * N* ♦ A*

980 NEXT I

970 NM*< NN - 1) * N*

880 PRINT . print "INSERT CATALOG DATA DISK 4 "sOOi" IN ORIUE"

990 PRINT : PRINT “PRESS ANV KEY WHEN VOU ARE READY GET T*: PRINT
1000 HOME : "TAB <18>: PRINT SPC< 15^: INUERSE : PRINT "SEARCHING": NORMAL
1010 PRINT D*;"OPEN LIBREC-120,L120"

1020 PRINT 0*#"REA0 LlBREC-120,R0"

1030 INPUT RN

1040 PRINT 0*

1050 IF RN = O THEN PRINT "NO BOOKS ON FILE ON THIS OISK.“: GOTO 1230

1080 PRINT : PRINT "THIS DISK CONTAINS ";RNi" BOOK RECORDS . " : PRINT

1070 FOR I = 1 TO RN

1080 IF NN > 1 GOTO 1300

1090 PRINT D*;"REAO LIBREC-120.R";I ,B94“

1100 GET NA

1110 PRINT D*;

1120 IF NA > 1 GOTO 1300
1130 All* = “"

1140 PRINT O*;"REA0 LIBREC-120#R" # I i“ ,B41 "

1150 INPUT AH*: PRINT D*

1180 FOR K = 1 TO 40
1170 T* = MID* < AH*,K, 1 )

1180 IF ASC <T*> = 32 THEN K = 40: GOTO 1280
1190 All* * AU* ♦ T*

1200 NEXT K.

1210 IF AU* = NM*< NN - 1) THEN HI * lx NORMAL : GOSUB 2330: IF MOO < >1

THEN PRINT "CONTINUE SEARCH <V/N>? "#: GET X*: PRINT X*: IF X* = "N"
THEN 278
1220 NEXT I
1230 DD = DO ♦ 1

1240 IF 00 > ON THEN NORMAL : GOTO 770
1250 PRINT D*

1288 GOTO 980

1270 IF HI = 1 THEN 28G

1288 GOSUB 3720

1290 GOTO 280

1300 AN = 1: AU* = "": FOR P = 0 TO 4:AH*<P> « "“: NEXT P

1310 PRINT D*#“REAO LIBREC-120,R"iI ;".B41": INPUT AH*: PRINT D*

1328 FOR K = 1 TO 40
1330 A* = MID* < AH*.K#1 >

1340 IF ASC <. A* ) * 47 THEN AN = AN ♦ 1 : AM*< AN - 2) * AU*:AU* = ““: GOTO 1370

1350 IF ASC • A*> = 32 THEN K » 40: GOTO 1370

1380 AU* * AU* ♦ A*

1370 NEXT K

1380 AM*( AN - 1 ) = AU*

1390 H0 • 0

14O0 FOR L = 8 TO NN - 1

1410 FOR M = 0 TO AN - 1

1420 IF NM*< L ) = AH*( M ) THEN H0 = H0 ♦ 1

1430 NEXT M

1440 NEXT L

1450 IF M0 = NN THEN HI = t: NORMAL : GOSUB 2330: IF MOO < > 1 THEN PRINT

“CONTINUE SEARCH <V/N>? “;: GET X*: PRINT X*: IF X* * “N“ THEN 270

1480 GOTO 1220

1470 REM ***** SEARCH ON SUBJECT
1480 IF PEEK < 772 > = 25 THEN 1810
1490 HOME : UTAB <5>

1500 PRINT : PRINT "THE SEARCH ON SUBJECT IS CONDUCTED UIA“: PRINT “THE
OEHEV DECIMAL SYSTEM FOR NON-FICTIONBOOKS, AND BOOK TYPE FOR FICTION
OOKS."

1510 PRINT

1520 PRINT "NON-FICTION BOOKS IN THE OEHEV DECIMAL": PRINT "SYSTEM ARE CA
TALOGFD IN 1800"

1530 PRINT "CATEGORIES: 10 OIUISIONSi": PRINT SPC< 12>*"10 CATEGORIES/OI
UISION;": PRINT SPC< 12)i"10 SUBCPTEGORIES/CATEGORV"

1540 FOR I = 1 TO 4000: NEXT I

1550 PRINT • PRINT "THE SEARCH CAN BE PERFORMED ON THE": PRINT “DIUISION,
CATEGORY, OR SUBCATEGORY": PRINT "LEUbL. "

1580 PRINT : PRINT "THE PROGRAM HILL PROMPT VOU HITH THE": PRINT "OEHEV
0 EC I MAL SYSTEM BREAK DOHN OF " : PRINT “ SUBJECTS . "

CIRCLE 141 ON READER SERVICE CARD

228

March 1983 c Creative Computing

1570

1580

1590

1600

1610

1820

1630
1640
1650
I860
1670
1680
1690
1700
1710
1720
1730
1 740
1750
1760

1770

1780

1798

1800

1810

1820

1830

1840

1850

I860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1948

1950

I960

1970

: PRINT ! PR1NT -FICTION BOOKS IN THIS PROGRPM PRE“: PRINT “CP
TP106E0 IN THE FOLLOWING GIUISIONS: "

PRINT SPC< 12>#-NOUEL“: PRINT SPC< 12 )# "PCTION/MVSTERV“: PRINT SPC<
12 ># -WESTERN-: PRINT SPC' 12 >1 -SCIENCE FICTION": PRINT SPC< 12>#"SH
ORT STORV/COLLECTION-: PRINT SPC< 12>; M CHILDREN'S LITERPTURE"

FOR I = 1 TO 6000: NEXT 1
POKE 772 #25

HONE : UTPB <5): INUERSE : PRINT "IS VOUR SELECTION-; NORNPL
INUERSE : PRINT “FICTION OR NON-FICTION <F/N>?“#: NORMPL : PRINT - -
a GET TP*

PRINT TP*

IF TP* = -F- GOTO 2060

IF TP* < > -N" THEN PRINT : GOTO 1626

HOME

OTQB < 3>t PRINT SPC< 15>*"DIUISI0NS“: PRINT : PRINT

FOR I « 0 TO 9

PRINT Ij" “iSC*<I,l>

NEXT I
PRINT

PRINT "ENTER OIOISION NUMBER GET T*

PRINT T*

IF PSC <T*> < 48 OR PSC <T*> > 57 THEN PRINT : GOTO 1660
OU * UPt <T* >

PRINT : PRINT "DO VOU WISH TO NPRROW THE SUBJECT <V/N>?“: PRINT SPC<
15 )i: GET T*: PRINT T*

IF T* = "V" THEN 1800
IF T* < > -N" GOTO 1760

SP = 100:CC * 00 * 100: 60SUB 2530: GOTO 280
HOME : UTPB < 3 >

"OIOISION: “*SC*<DU#1>

SPC< 25>i"0R 'X' FOR OIOISION LISTING

PRINT
PRINT

FOR I = 0 TO 9

PRINT I “ jSC*< D0#< I * 10) ♦ 1>

NEXT I

PRINT : PRINT

PRINT "ENTER CPTE60RV NUMBER- *

- II GET C*

PRINT C*

IF C* = -X- GOTO 1660

IF PSC <C*> < 48 OR PSC <C*) > 57 THEN PRINT : GOTO 1870
PRINT : PRINT -DO VOU WISH TO NPRROW THE SUBJECT <V/NV>“: PRINT SPC<
15)#: GET T*: PRINT T*

IF T* = -V- THEN 1950
IF T* < > "N" GOTO 1910

SP = 10: CC = 00 * 100 ♦ upl <C*> * 10: GOSUB 2530: GOTO 280
HOME : UTPB <3>: PRINT “CPTEGORV: “jSC*<00,< OPL < C* ) * 10 > > 1 >

PRINT

FOR I * 1 TO 10: PRINT I - 1# SPC< 2 >#SC*<. OU# 10 * UQL <C*> ♦ I): NEXT

1980 PRINT

1990 PRINT "ENTER SU8CPTEG0RV NUMBER- J SPC< 25)#“0R X' FOR CPTEGORV LIST
ING "i: GET S*: PRINT S*

2000 PRINT

2010 IF S* = "X“ GOTO 1800

2920 IF PSC <S*> < 48 OR PSC <S*> > 57 THEN 1990
2030 S * = STR* ( UPL < S* ) ♦ l >

2040 CC * DO * 100 ♦ UPL <C*> * 10 ♦ UPL <S*> - 1
2050 SP = 1: GOSUB 2530: GOTO 280
206O HOME : UTPB <5)

2070 PRINT “FICTION-
2080 PRINT : PRINT
2090 FOR I s 1 TO 6
2100 PRINT I# SPC< 2>#F*< I >

2110 NEXT I
2120 PRINT : PRINT

2130 PRINT "ENTER CPTEGORV NUMBER: - *: GET T*

2140 IF PSC <T*> < 49 OR PSC < T* > > 54 THEN PRINT : GOTO 2068
2150 FC = UPL <T*>

2160 CC « FC * 108
2170 SP = 1

2180 GOSUB 2530: GOTO 280

2190 REM *+***SEPRCH ON CPTPLOG NUMBER
2200 HOME : UTPB <5^

2210 INPUT -ENTER CPTPLOG NUMBER "iCC*

2220 CC * INT < «)PL <CC*>>

2230 IF CC < 0 OR CC > 999 THEN PRINT "TNUPLIO CPTPLOG NUMBER.": PRINT "
PLEPSE TRV PGP IN. ": GOTO 2210
2240 TP* = "N“

2250 SP = 1: GOSUB 2530: GOTO 280

2268 PRINT 0*# “CLOSE LIBREC-120": REM ENO SEPRCH - RETURN TO CPTPLOG
MPSTER*

2270 HOME : UTPB <5>

2280 PRINT “PLPCE CPTPLOG MPSTER DISK IN OR I UE“

2290 PRINT : PRINT "PRESS PHV KEV WHEN VOU PRE REPOV "#: GET T*: PRINT

2300 HI MEM: 38408

2310 PRINT D*#“ RUN CPTPLOG MPSTER'*

2320 REM ******* SUBROUTINE TO WRITE DPTP TO SCREEN *********

2330 PRINT 0*

2340 PRINT D*#"REPO LIBREC-120#R" # I

2358 INPUT Tt_*: INPUT PU*: INPUT TP*: INPUT CN*: INPUT LC*: INPUT SZ*:
INPUT NP

2360 INPUT BS: I NPU T BN*

March 1983 c Creative Computing

MEMOREX

FLEXIBLE DISCS

WE WILL NOT BE UNDER-
SOLD!! Call Free (800)235-4137

for prices and information Dealer
inquines invited and COD’s
accepted

CIRCLE 225 ON READER SERVICE CARD

SOFTWARE

FOR

TRS« 80 I + III

PEDESTRIAN ADDRESS FILER
CRASH-OUT FINANCE
LEM I MATH SKILLS

MORE SOFTWARE AVAILABLE
SOON FOR THE TRS-80 AND
SINCLAIR ZX81.

WRITE FOR YOUR FREE
CATALOGUE TO:

DDL SOFTWARE. INC.
PO BOX 116
WESTTOWN. PA. 19395

TRS 80 IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF TME
TANDY CORP SINCLAIR ZX81 IS A REGISTERED
TRADEMARK OF SINCLAIR RESEARCM. LTD

CIRCLE 176 ON READER SERVICE CARD

HOUSEHOLD
INVENTORY
PROGRAM
FOR AN APPLE II

WILL STORE EVERY HOUSEHOLD ITEMS

• SERIAL NUMBER

• MODEL NUMBER

• PURCHASE PRICE

• REPLACEMENT COST

• AND MORE

SEND $30 (CHECK OR M.O.)

AND STATE PRINTER/MODEL
TO:

SFA ENTERPRISES. INC.

P.O. BOX 3351 1
NORTHGLENN. CO 80233

CIRCLE 252 ON READER SERVICE CARD

229

Library Catalog, continued...

2370

>380

2380

2400

2410

2420

2430

2440

2450

2460

2470

2480

2480

2500

2510

2540

2550

2560

2570

2580

2590

2600

2610

2620

2630

2640

2650

2660

2670

2680

2680

2700

2710

2720

2730

2740

2750

2760

2770

2780

2780

2800

2810

2820

2830

2840

2850

2860

2870

2880

2880

2900

2910

2920

2830

2940

2950

2960

2970

2980

2960

3000

3010

3020

3030

3040

3050

3060

3070

3080

3090

3100

3110

3120

3130

3140

3150

3160

PRINT DF
CN « “PL < CNt )

PRINT s PRINT BRF

PRINT -TITLE: "iTLF: PRINT "AUTHOR: ";AUF: PRINT -LOCATION: "*LCF: PRINT
“SIZE (SMALL-NORMAL-TALL): "*SZ F: PRINT -CATEGORV: "i: IF TPS = "F" THEN
PRINT “FICTION-: GOTO 2420

PRINT -NON-FICTION M : PRINT "CATAL06 NUMBER: "iCNF: GOTO 2490
PRINT -FICTION TYPE: “;

IF CNF » “100“ THEN PRINT "NOUEL": GOTO 2490

IF CNF * -200“ THEN PRINT "ACT ION/MVSTERV" : GOTO 2490

IF CNF * “300" THEN PRINT "HESTERN" : GOTO 2498

IF CNt * -400- THEN PRINT "SCIENCE FICTION-: 60T0 2490

IF CNF = “500“ THEN PRINT “SHORT STORV/COLLECTION": GOTO 2490

PRINT "CHILDREN'S LITERATURE"

IF BS = 0 THEN PRINT “BOOK HAS NOT BEEN LOANED OUT.": GOTO 2510

PRINT "BOOK IS LOANED TO: ";BNF

PRINT

RETURN

REH ♦♦♦♦♦♦SUBROUTINE TO SEARCH ON CATALOG NUMBER
HOME : UTAB <5>:00 = 1:H1 * 0

PRINT -INSERT CATALOG DATA DISK * ";DOi" IN ORIUE"

PRINT : PRINT -PRESS ANV KEV WHEN VOU ARE READY."

GET TF: PRINT
HOME : UTAB <10>

PRINT SPC( 15 >i: INUERSE : PRINT “SEARCHING": NORMAL
PRINT DSi-OPEN LIBREC-120,L120"

PRINT DS#-REAO LIBREC-120.R0"

INPLIT RN
PRINT DF

IF RN s 0 THEN PRINT "NO BOOKS ON FILE ON THIS DISK.": GOTO 2760
PRINT : PRINT -THIS DISK CONTAINS - #RN; " BOOK RECORDS.": PRINT
FOR I = 1 TO RN

PRINT DFi-READ LIBREC-120.R"iI*", 882-
INPUT PPF
PRINT OF

IF TPF < > PPF THEN GOTO 2740

PRINT DFi-READ LIBREC-120,R";I*",BG4"

INPUT CNF:CN * l*AL (CNF)

IF INT (CN ✓ SP> ♦ S P = CC THEN HI = 1: GOSUB 2338: IF MOO < >1 THEN

PRINT -CONTINUE SEARCH <Y/N>? "» GFT XF: PRINT XF: IF XF * “N" THEN
POP : GOTO 278
NEXT I
PRINT OF
DO = DO * 1

THIS IS THE ENO OF THIS SEA
: GET KKF: PRINT : RETURN

IF DD > DN THEN GOTO 2880

PRINT OF

GOTO 2550

IF HI « 1 THEN PRINT OF: PRINT : PRINT
RCH. ": PRINT "PRESS ANY KEV TO CONTINUE.

GOSUB 3720

RETURN

REM ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ SUBROUTINE TO MOOIFV A RECORO

PRINT : PRINT : PRINT "DO VOU HANT TO CHECK IN/OUT- : PRINT SPCv 15)
i-THIS BOOK (V/N): "it GET TF: PRINT TF

IF TF * -N- THEN 2908

IF TF < > -V- THEN 2840

IF BS * O THEN BS = 1: PRINT : INPUT "ENTER BORROMER
LNF: INPUT -ENTER BORROWER S FIRST NAME: " ;FMF:BNF
/" ♦ FMF ♦ 8LF>,15): GOTO 3470
BS = 0:BNF = LEFTF (BLF.15)

PRINT : PRINT “BOOK IS NOW CHECKED IN.": PRINT "SHELUE AT LOCATION
JLCF: GOTO 3478

'S LAST NAME:
LEFTF ( ( LNF «

"i

HOME : UTAB (5)

PRINT -CURRENT TITLE: -#TLf

PRINT "CHANGE ENTRY (V/N)* "i: GET MF: PRINT MF

IF MF < > "V" THEN 2958

INPUT "ENTER NEW TITLE: " #TLF

PRINT : PRINT "CURRENT AUTHOR: " ;AUF

PRINT "CHANGE ENTRY < V'N )? GET MF: PRINT MF

IF MF < > -V" THEN 3050

PRINT : PRINT "ENTER NEW AUTHOR<S>"

PRINT -LAST ( /LAST/. m , ) NAME(S>"

PRINT “NO COMMAS OR SPACES, PLEASE' •"

INPUT - ";AUF
NA = l

FOR P = 1 TO LEN (AUF): IF ASC < MIDF (AUF,P,1>> « 47 THEN NA *

NA ♦ 1

NEXT P

PRINT : PRINT -CURRENT TYPE (F=FICT* N=NON-FICT): " ; TPF
PRINT "CHANGE ENTRY (V/N)* GET MF: PRINT MF
IF MF < > "V- THEN 3188

IF TPF = "F" THEN TpF = "N": GOTO 3188
TPF = "F"

PRINT : PRINT "CURRENT CATALOG NUMBER: "*CNF
PRINT "CHANGE ENTRY (V/N)* "i: GET MF: PRINT MF
IF MF < > -V- THEN 3188

INPUT -ENTER NEW CATALOG NUMBER: "iCNF
CN = INT ( UAL (CNF))

IF CN < 0 OR CN > 999 THEN PRINT "INUALIO CATALOG NUMBER. ": PRINT -
PLEASE TRY AGAIN.": GOTO 3138
IF CN < 10 THEN CNF = "08" ♦ STRF (CN): GOTO 3198

Call today.

■

United States:

Arizona
m Phoenix

602/279-1010

California

1 (Northern) Mountain View

415/969-4910

San Francisco

415/434-2410

■ Walnut Creek

415/945-1910

■ (Southern) Century City

213/203-8111

Fullerton

714/871-6500

Los Angeles

213/688-0041

Newport Beach 714/833-1730

San Diego

619/231-1900

Torrance

213/540-7500

Van Nuys

213/781-4800

Colorado

Denver

303/571-4450

■ Englewood

m Connecticut

303/773-3700

Hartford

203/522-6590

Stratford

District of Columbia

203/375-7240

■ Washington D.C.

202/466-5890

Florida

H Miami

305/624-3536

Georgia

Atlanta (Downtown)

404/588-9350

Atlanta (North)

404/953-0200

■ Atlanta (Northeast)

404/325-8370

m Illinois

Chicago (East Loop)

312/938-4400

■ Chicago (West Loop)

312/782-0857

Oak Brook

312/986-0422

m Rolling Meadows

312/392-0244

Indiana

Indianapolis

317/631-2900

Kansas

■ Overland Park

913/888-8885

Kentucky
■ Louisvile

502/581-9900

u Louisiana

New Orleans

504/561-6000

Maryland

Baltimore

301/727-4050

■ Towson

Massachusetts

■ Boston

301/321-7044

617/482-7613

617/273-5160

617/237-3120

Burlington

Wellesley

UUKUafi

wncnigan

■ Detroit

313/259-7607

_ Southfield

313/352-6520

Troy

313/362-0070

Minnesota

™ Minneapolis (Downtown)

612/332-6460

m Minneapolis (West)

612/544-3600

Missouri

Clayton

314/862-3800

Kansas City

816/474-3393

New Hampshire
Nashua

603/880-4047

New Jersey

Cherry Hill

609/482-2600

Edison

201/494-2800

Morristown

201/267-3222

■ Paramus

201/845-3900

m Princeton

New York

New York City

609/452-7277

(Grand Central)

212/557-8611

■ (Penn Station)

212/736-7445

(Wall Street)

212/962-8000

Rochester

716/263-2670

Syosset. LI.

516/364-0900

White Plains
Ohio

914/683-9300

■ Akron

216/535-1150

_ Cincinnati

513/769-5080

Cleveland

216/771-2070

■ Columbus

614/224-0660

■ Dayton

■ Oklahoma

513/461-4660

Tulsa

Oregon

918/599-7700

Portland

503/223-6160

King of Prussia

215/265-7250

Philadelphia

215/665-1717

Pittsburgh
Wilkins Township

412/261-6540

412/247-4400

Texas

■ Dallas (Central)

214/954-1100

m Dallas (North)

2H/387-1600

Fort Worth

817/338-9300

II Houston (Downtown)

713/751-0100

Houston (N Loop West)

713/957-8555

■ Houston (S.W Freeway)

713/626-8705

San Antonio

■ Virginia

512/342-9898

McLean

703/790-5610

UleehliuifAii

wasmngion

Bellevue

■ Wisconsin

206/454-6400

« Milwaukee

414/277-0345

Canada:

Ontario
Don Mills

416/425-5730

Mississauga

416/272-3333

■ Toronto

416/865-1125

Quebec

230

Montreal

514/849-7043

Somehow, Did Your Last Raise
Seem Insignificant?

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Most significantly, you’ll
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L (When writing, be sure to m

include your title ) ■

l

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I

CIRCLE 250 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Library Catalog, continued...

The remainder of this article is
devoted to the technical details of the
program and need not be read if you
have no desire to do anything but use
your computer to keep track of your
books. However, before you rush to
your keyboard, please read the follow-
ing few notes of importance.

The program consists of a series of
routines that are called from a Catalog
Master routine. Additional routines
are Catalog Enter, Catalog Search,
Catalog Borrow, Catalog Bookshelf,
and Catalog List. All of these routines
should be stored on a single Catalog
Master disk which will also contain
files with the catalog classification
data and information on bookshelf
location and sizes. The length of the
routines forces this type of structure.
A benefit of this breakdown is the
added ease of debugging each routine
separately. The book data are stored
on separate disks.

A series of ten programs with titles
of the form SC PROGRAM 3 is used
to create text files with the library
classification data needed to derive the
specific catalog number for each book.
Once these programs have been used
to create these files, they can be
DELETEd from your Catalog Master
disk. These ten programs must be run
prior to the first use of the Enter
routine.

A few words of caution before you
start typing. Since the Catalog Master
disk is in active use while cataloguing it
is possible to write over all or part of
the routines by accident. LOCK them
after they are entered and keep a
backup disk. It is also a good idea to
run backup disks of your book data
disks periodically — just in case.

Program Structure

The structure of the Library Cata-
log Program is shown schematically in

3170 IF CN < 100 THEN CNS = "0" ♦ STRS <CN): GOTO 3190
3180 CNS = STRf <CN>

3190 PRINT : PRINT "CURRENT SIZE IS": PRINT SPC< 10 );"( S-SMPLL: : N-NORMPL
::T-TPLL>: "* SZS

3200 PRINT "CHPNGE ENTRY <V/N>? ";: GET MS: PRINT M S

3210 IF MS < > "V" THEN 3270

3220 INPUT "ENTER SIZE CS-N-T): ";MS

3230 IF MS = "S" THEN SZS = "S": GOTO 3270

3240 IF MS * "N" THEN SZS = "N": GOTO 3270

3250 IF MS = "T" THEN SZS * "T": GOTO 3270

32G0 PRINT "INUPLID SIZE. TRY PGPIN.": GOTO 3220

3270 PRINT : PRINT "CURRENT LOCPTION IS: " ;LCf

3280 PRINT "CHPNGE ENTRY <V/N>? ";: GET MS: PRINT MS

3290 IF MS < > "V" THEN 3390

3300 PRINT "ENTER NEM LOCPTION-"

3310 PRINT SPCC 10 );"< LETTER LETTER NUMBER )“

3320 INPUF " " ;MS

3330 IF LEN CMS) < >3 THEN 3380

3340 IF PSC < LEFTS CMS,1)> < 65 OR PSC < LEFTS (MS,1>> > 90 GOTO 3380

3350 IF PSC < HIOS CMS, 2.1)) < 65 OR PSC < MIOS CMS, 2,1)) > 90 GOTO 3380

3360 IF PSC C RIGHTS CMS,1)> < 48 OR PSC < RIGHTS CMS,!)) > 57 GOTO 3380

3370 LCS = MS: GOTO 3390

3388 PRINT "INUPLIO LOCPTION. TRY PGPIN. ": GOTO 3300
3390 PRINT : PRINT "PNY CHPNGES CV/N>? ";

3400 GET MS: PRINT MS

3410 IF MS < > "Y" GOTO 3430

3420 GOTO 2900

3430 IF LEN C TLS ) < 40 THEN TLS * TLS ♦ LEFTS C BLS,40 - LEN CTLS)>

3440 TLS = LEFTS CTLS.40)

3450 IF LEN CPUS) < 40 THEN PUS * PUS ♦ LEFTS 'BLS.40 - LEN < PUS ))

3460 PUS = LEFTS <PUS,40)

3470 PRINT OS; "OPEN LIBREC-120,L120"

3480 PRINT OS; "WRITE LIBREC-120.R" ; l

3490 PRINT TLS: PRINT PUS: PRINT TPS: PRINT CNS: PRINT LCS: PRINT SZS: PRINT NP
3500 PRINT BS: PRINT BNS
3510 PRINT DS

3520 PRINT : PRINT "00 YOU WISH TO MOOIFV OTHER ENTRIES": PRINT "WITH THE
SPME TITLE < Y/N Y* ";: GET MS: PRINT MS
3530 IF MS = "V" THEN GOTO 710

3540 PRINT : PRINT "THIS IS THE ENO OF THIS SEPRCH.": PRINT "00 YOU WISH
TO": PRINT "MODIFY OTHER ENTRIES <V'N>? ";: GET MS: PRINT MS
3550 IF MS < > "Y" THEN 2260

3568 GOTO 400

3570 REM ****** SUBROUTINE TO DELETE P RECORO

3580 IF I * RN THEN 3650

3590 PRINT OS; "REPO LIBREC-120,R" ;RN

3600 INPUT TLS: INPUT PUS: INPUT TPS: INPUT CNS: INPUT LCS: INPUT SZS: INPUT
NP: INPUT BS: INPUT BNS
3610 PRINT OS

3620 PRINT DS; "WRITE LIBREC-120.R" ; I

3636 PRINT TLS: PRINT PUS: PRINT TPS: PRINT CNS: PRINT LCS: PRINT SZS: PRINT
NP: PRINT BS: PRINT BNS
3640 PRINT OS
3650 RN = RN - 1
3660 PRINT DS

3670 PRINT OS; "WRITE LIBREC-128,R0"

3680 PRINT RN
3690 PRINT OS

3700 IF RN = 0 THEN IMMERSE : PRINT "THIS DISK NO LONGER CONTPINS": PRINT
"CPTPLOG DPTP": NORMPL : FOR V = 1 TO 2000: NEXT V
3710 GOTO 3520
3720 PRINT OS
3738 PRINT : PRINT

3740 PRINT : PRINT "NO RECOROS HPUE BEEN FOUNO.": PRINT "PRESS PNY KEY TO
CONTINUE.";: GET TS: PRINT
3750 IF MOO = 1 THEN POP : GOTO 3540
3760 RETURN
3770 REM ERROR ROUTINE

3788 IF PEEK (222) < >5 THEN PRINT "ERROR FOUNO COOE "; PEEK (222);"

ON LINE "; PEEK (218) ♦ PEEK <219) ♦ 256: ENO
3790 PRINT OS; "OPEN LIBREC-120,L120"

3800 PRINT OS; "WRITE LIBREC-120.R0"

3810 ZZ = 0

3820 PRINT ZZ

3830 PRINT DS; "CLOSE"

3840 IF CH ■ 2 GOTO 1010

3850 IF CH = 1 GOTO 500

3860 GOTO 2608

Listing 4.

10 REM CWTwl.OG LIST PROGRPM
20 OS = CHRS (4)

30 ONERR GOTO 350

40 00 « 1

50 ON = PEEK < 771 )

60 POKE 770,56

70 SPS ■ "

232

March 1983 c Creative Computing

7

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Library Catalog, continued...

Figure 7 . The primary menu is con- ^
tained in Master, and selection from 100
this menu runs the other routines.
Information that needs to be trans- 130
mitted from one program routine to 140
another is done via POKEing the data ^0
into memory locations in one routine
and PEEKing into these locations to iso
recover it in the next routine. 190

The catalog classification and book-
shelf identification are called as 220

required by the Enter, Search, and
Bookshelf routines. When each of the |^[
functional routines is exited. Master 200
is run automatically and the primary 270
menu is displayed once again. This
type of structure, where only the 500
specific routine that is needed is in 3 ie
memory makes it possible to run on a |||
48 K machine programs that would 340
otherwise require a much larger is*
memory. ' ^

Book data are stored in random 380

access files (named LIBREC- 120 ) on 300

disks separate from the Catalog J 00

Master disk. Record length for this file *2$

Figure 7 . Structure of Library Catalog Program.

80 HOME : UTAB < b)

•2»0 PRiNr “LISTING OF ALL BOOKS IN CATALOG '* : PRINT
100 PRINT “INSERT CATALOG DATA DISK « “;D0;“ IN GRIDE 1 *

110 PRINT “PRESS ANV KEV WHEN VOU ARE REAOV “;: GET T$: PRINT
120 PRINT

130 PRINT Df;“OPEN LIBREC-120,L120“

140 PRINT 0$;“REA0 LIBREC-120.R0“

150 INPUT RN
1S0 PRINT 0$

170 IF RN = 0 THEN PRINT “NO BOOKS ON FILE ON THIS 0ISK.“: GOTO 270
180 PRINT s PRINT “THIS OISK CONTAINS "lRNl“ BOOK RECORDS. “s PRINT
190 HIMEM: 20000
200 FOR I = 1 TO RN

210 PRINT 0f; M REA0 LIBREC-120,R“ ;I ;“,B0"

220 INPUT TLf: INPUT AUS
230 PRINT Of

240 PRINT SPf : PRINT “TITLE: “ ;TLf : PRINT “AUTHOR: “;AUS

250 FOR K * 1 TO 500: NEXT K

260 NEXT I

270 00 = DO ♦ l

280 IF OD > ON THEN 300

290 GOTO 100

300 PRINT : PRINT “ALL BOOKS HAUE BEEN LISTED-

310 PRINT : PRINT “RETURN CATALOG MASTER OISK TO THE DRIUE"

320 PRINT “PRESS ANV KEV HHEN VOU ARE REAOV. GET Tf: PRINT

330 HIMEM: 38400

340 PRINT Of ; “RUN CATALOG MASTER -

350 REM ERROR ROUTINE

360 IF PEEK <222) < >5 THEN PRINT “ERROR FOUND COOE PEEK <222): ENO

370 PRINT Of; “OPEN LIBREC-120,L120“

380 PRINT Of ;“MR1TE LIBREC-120.R0“

390 2 2 = 0
4O0 PRINT 22
410 PRINT Of ; “CLOSE -
420 GOTO 130

March 1983 c Creative Computing

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Library Catalog, continued. ..

is 1 20 bytes. Information on shelf iden-
tification numbers, sizes, and location
descriptions is stored on the Catalog
Master disk in a sequential text file
named SHELF.

What The Routines Do

Catalog Master (Listing I) is the
traffic director for the Library Catalog
Program. When the program is run,
memory location 770 is examined. If
the value stored is anything but 56, a
number which I selected randomly, the
descriptive information on lines 50 to
260 is presented on the screen. On later
occasions, when this routine is called
from the other routines in the pro-
gram, the value 56 will have been
POKEd into this location and the
introduction will not be printed. This
random number was selected so that
there is only a small probability that
the introduction will be skipped if the
Catalog program is run after some
other program which utilizes this
memory location.

The remainder of the routine for-
mulates the menu which is used to call
the Enter, Search, and other routines
for the actual work. If the decision is
made to modify a record, the value 92
is POKEd into 773 to tell the Search
routine that it is to be used in its
modify mode.

When the selection of the desired
operation is made, the Catalog Master
program goes to the appropriate
statement and runs the necessary
routine.

Catalog Enter

Catalog Enter (Listing 2) is the rou-
tine that requests data on books to be
added to the catalog, provides an
opportunity to revise the data, checks
to make sure that the data are within
the expected range, formats the data
as required for storage, and prints the
data to the disk. For nonfiction books
the determination of catalog number
for each entry is provided by selection
from an ever narrowing listing of
subject areas. Provision is made for
returning to a broader description of
the subject if an error is made in the
original selection.

The listing of the catalog descriptors
is stored in the array SC$, which has
1000 elements. During the initial
access to the Enter program, this array
is filled from ten sequential text files
stored on the Catalog Master disk.
This read-in process takes about a
minute and a half, during which
descriptive material is on the screen.
Once this data are read in, the Master
disk is removed and replaced with the
disk to be used for the storage of data.

The data are stored in the file named

Listing 5.

1 REM This PROGRAM IS COPYRIGHT 1982 BV J.M. HELLMAN : 338 COLEMAN DRIUE
: MONROEUILLE PA 15148 : PHONE 412-372-9004
10 REM CATALOG BORROM PROGRAM
20 HIMEM: 2000O
30 POKE 770,58
40 ON = PEEK <77D
50 0$ « CARS < 4 >

60 SPS * "

70 BLS = M
*0 DO = 1

90 0NERR GOTO 910

180 HOME : UTAP <5)lST = G

110 DO = 1

120 PRINT “DO YOU HISH TO LIST-

130 PRINT SPC< 5 );"< 1 ) ALL BOOKS LOANED OUT"

140 PRINT SPC< 5>;"< 2> BOOKS LOANED TO A 6IUEN PERSON-

150 PRINT - OR <3> END THE SEARCH"

160 PRINT s PRINT "ENTER THE NUMBER OF YOUR SELECTION "is GET TS: PRINT ;

PRINT

170 IF IS * -1- THEN 210

180 IF TS * -2- THEN 430

190 IF T$ = -3 M THEN HOME : UTA6 <4): GOTO 858
200 GOTO 100

210 REM ROUTINE TO LIST ALL BOOKS LOANED OUT
220 REM SEARCH IS ON BYTE 96
230 HOME : UTAB <5>:HI = 0:ST = 1

240 PRINT -INSERT CATALOG DATA DISK « ";DD;" IN DRIUE"

250 PRINT s PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY HHEN YOU ARE REAOY GET TS: PRINT : PRINT
280 HOME : UTAB <5>

270 PRINT "LISTING OF ALL BOOKS OUT ON LOAN": PRINT
280 PRINT Of; "OPEN LIBREC-120.L120"

290 PRINT OS; “RE AO LIBREC-120.R0"

300 INPUT RN

310 PRINT 0$

320 IF RN = 0 THEN PRINT "NO BOOKS ON FILE ON THIS DISK": FOR 0 = 1 TO 4000
: NEXT Q: GOTO 400

33U PRINT : PRINT "THIS DISK CONTAINS ";RN;" BOOK RECOROS.": PRINT
340 FOR I = 1 TO RN

350 PRINT OS; "REMO LIBREC-120,R";I;",B96"

380 INPUT BS

370 PRINT DS

380 IF BS * 1 THEN HI * 1: GGSUB 700

390 NEXT I
400 DO * 00 ♦ 1

410 IF DO ^ DN THEN GOTO 818
420 GOTO 240

430 REM SUBROUTINE TO FI NO BOOKS LOANED TO A GIUEN PERSON
440 HOME : UTAB <5'

450 INPUT "ENTER BORROWER'S LAST NAME: ";LNS
460 INPUT -ENTER BORROHER'S FIRST NAME: ";FMS
470 BBS * LEFTS <<LNS ♦ ♦ FMS ♦ BLf >,15>

480 HI = 0:DO = 1

490 HOME : UTAB <5>: PRINT "LISTING OF BOOKS": PRINT SPC< 5)* "BORROWED BY:

" ;B6S
500 PRINT

510 PRINT "INSERT CATALOG DATA DISK # ";00;" IN DRIUE. "

528 PRINT : PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY WHEN YOU ARE REAOY. ";: GET TS: PRINT : PRINT
530 PRINT DS;"OPEN LIBREC-120,L120"

540 PRINT DS;"REA0 LIBREC-128.R6"

550 INPUT RM

580 PRINT OS

5 70 IF RN = 0 THEN PRINT "NO BOOKS ON FTLE IN THIS DISK.": GOTO 670
580 FOR 1 * t TO RN

590 PRINT 0f;"REA0 LIBREC-120,R";I;",B96"

600 INPUT BS

610 PRINT OS

620 IF BS = 0 THEN 660

630 PRINT OS; "RE AO LIBREC-120,R";I;",B98"

640 INPUT BN*

650 IF BNS = BBS THEN HI * 1: GOSUB 700

660 NEXT I

670 00 = DO ♦ 1

880 IF DO > DN THEN 810

690 GOTO 510

'00 REM SUBROUTINE TO PRINT BOOK OAT A
710 PRINT DS ; “READ LIBREC-120,R" ; I ,B0"

720 INPUT TLS: INPUT AUS
730 IF ST = 2 GOTO 760

740 PRINT Df;"REAO LIBREC-120,R" ; I ;" »B98"

750 INPUT BNS

760 PRINT DS

770 PRINT : PRINT SPS

780 PRINT "TITLE: ";TLf: PRINT "AUTHOR: ";AUf: IF ST * 1 THEN PRINT "BOR
ROWER: " ;BNS

'96 PRINT : PRINT " CONTINUE SEARCH <V'N>? GET TS: PRINT : IF TS =

"N" THEN POP : GOTO 1U0

900 RETURN

810 IF HI = 1 THEN 890

236

March 1983 c Creative Computing

Library Catalog, continued...

LIBREC-120. Details of the file for-
mat are given below. The Enter rou-
tine opens the file and reads the first
record, which contains the number of
books currently stored on the disk. If
no books are on the disk, the error
routine is used to place a zero in the
necessary location, and the processing
continues. The screen then requests
title, author, location, book height
(remember, some of my bookshelves
are suitable only for small books, and
others will accommodate oversize
books), and whether the book is fic-
tion or nonfiction.

The title and author are allocated
40 characters each in the data file. The
title can contain any characters except
the comma or quotation mark. No
commas, quotation marks, or spaces
are permitted in the author list.
Multiple author names are separated
with slashes (/), giving the Search
program a key to find each name
individually.

If the book is fiction, the program
jumps to a series of steps that generate
the menu for selection of the fiction
type, e.g., novel, western, science-
fiction, etc. If the book is nonfiction,
the primary menu for subject classifi-
cation is presented, showing the 10
divisions. Upon selection from this
menu the appropriate 10 categories for
the division are shown, and following
selection from this menu, the appro-
priate 10 subcategories are shown and
a selection is made. The routine auto-
matically inserts in the data file the
information that the book is not out
on loan. The routine also computes the
number of authors based on the input.
This information is used in the Search
routine.

During data entry, each entry you
type in is verified to be within the
expected range. No protection can be
given against spelling errors in the title
or author entries, but, for example, the
size entry must be either S, N, or T,
and the location must be a letter, let-
ter, number sequence for the entry to
be accepted. After all necessary data
are entered, a listing is presented of the
total record, and an opportunity is
presented to change incorrect entries.
If all are correct, the data are stored in
the arrays reserved for them. The
operator then has the choice of con-
tinuing to add books or to end data
entry.

The location of the book must be
specified at the time it is entered into
the catalog. When the three-character
shelf ID is entered, the Enter routine
checks that the ID is in the correct
format, that the ID has been entered
(in the Bookshelf routine) as an exist-
ing shelf, and for an inconsistency in

820 HOME : UTPB (5)

330 PRINT M N0 BOOKS PRE OUT ON LOPN"

*40 PRINT : PRINT “PRESS PNV KEV TO CONTINUE ";: GET Tf: PRINT s PRINT : GOTO 100

350 PRINT : PRINT “RETURN THE CPTRL0G MPSTER DISK**: PRINT SPC< 5>;"T0 THE DRJUE"

360 PRINT PRESS PNV KEV MHEN V0U PRE REP0V ";: GET Tf: PRINT s PRINT

870 HIMFM: 38400

380 PRINT Of ;“RUN CPTPL0G MPSTER"

890 PRINT : PRINT S Pf: PRINT “PLL BOOKS ON LOPN HPUE BEEN FOUND"

980 GOTO 840

910 REM ERROR SUBROUTNIE

920 IF PEEK <222) < >5 THEN PRINT "ERROR FOUND CODE "; PEEK <22 2>: POKE

216,0: END

930 PRINT “NO BOOK RECORDS FOUND ON THIS DISK": FOR K = 1 TO 2000: NEXT K
940 IF ST = 1 GOTO 400
950 GOTO 670

Listing 6.

1 REM THIS PROGRPM IS COPVRIGHT 1992 RV J.M. HELLMPN : 338 COLEMPN DRIUE
: MONROEUILLE PP 15146 : PHONE 412-372-9004
10 REM CPTPLOG BOOKSHELF PROGRPM
20 POKE 770,56

30 8Rf 3 " "

40 HOME : UTP8 <5>

50 PRINT SPC< 4 INUERSE : PRINT “BOOKSHELF IOENTIFICPTION PROGRPM": NORHPL

60 N = 200

70 DIM LCf < N, 1 >,0C$< N )

80 Of = CHRf < 4 )

90 ONERR GOTO 12t0
100 PRINT Of ; "OPEN SHELF"

110 PRINT OF; “REPO SHELF"

120 INPUT NS
130 PRINT Of

140 IF NS = 0 THEN PRINT : PRINT "NO SHELF DPTP IS NON ON FILE.": PRINT
: GOTO 200

150 PRINT Of ; “REPO SHELF"

160 FOR I = 1 TO NS: INPUT LCf<I,0>: INPUT LCf<I,l>: NEXT I
170 FOR I = 1 TO NS: INPUT DCf< I ): NEXT T
180 PRINT Of
190 PRINT

200 PRINT “DO VOU WISH TO": PRINT

210 PRINT SPC< 5 >;"< 1 > POD SHELUES TO THE LIBRPRV": PRINT

220 PRINT SPC< 5>;"<2> REMOUE SHELUES FROM LIBRPRV": PRINT

230 PRINT SPC< 5); "(3) GET P SHELF OIRECTORV": PRINT

240 PRINT SPC< 5>;"< 4 > END SHELF OPERPTIONS"

250 PRINT : PRINT "ENTER THE NUMBER OF VOUR SELECTION GET Tf:

PRINT Tf

260 IF Tf = “1“ THEN 310

270 IF Tf = "2" THEN 600

280 IF Tf = "3“ THEN 790

290 IF Tf = “4“ THEN 1120

300 GOTO 250
310 HOME : UTPB <5>

320 PRINT "NOTE: EPCH SHELF IN P BOOKSHELF MUST"

330 PRINT "BE PODEO INOIUIOUPLLV"

340 PRINT : PRINT “TO CORRECT ERRORS-": PRINT "REMOUE THE SHELF FROM THE
FILE": PRINT “PND REENTER IT": PRINT
350 PRINT : PRINT BRf : PRINT "ENTER THE 10 NUMBER OF THE NEH"

360 INPUT “SHELF < LETTER LETTER NO. EG JH2> ";LCf
370 IF LEN < LCf > < >3 THEN 360

380 IF QSC < LEFTf <LCf»l>> < 65 OR PSC < LEFTf <LCf,l>> > 90 THEN 360

390 IF PSC < MIDf ( LCf ,2, 1 )) < 65 OR PSC < MIDf <LC$,2,1>> > 90 THEN 360

*O0 IF PSC < RIGHTf (LCf ,1 )) < 48 OR PSC ( RIGHTf <LC$,1>> > 57 THEN 360

410 HH = 0

♦20 IF NS * 0 THEN 460

♦30 FOR I = 1 TO NS: IF LCf<I.O) = LCf THEN HH = 1:1 = NS ♦ 1
440 NEXT T

45U IF HH = l THEN PRINT : PRINT "THE SHELF NUMBER VOU ENTEREO HPS": PRINT
“PLREPOV BEEN PSSIGNED. PLEPSE TRV PGPIN.": GOTO 350
460 PRINT : PRINT “ENTER LPR6EST HEIGHT BOOK THE SHELF“

470 PRINT "WILL PCCEPT < S-SMPLL/N-NORMPL'T-TPLL ) GET SZf: PRINT S2f

480 IF SZf = “S" THEN 520

490 IF SZf = "N" THEN 520

500 IF SZf =* “T" THEN 520

510 GOTO 460

520 NS = NS ♦ l:LCf(NS,0> = LCf : LCf < NS,1 > = SZf
530 PRINT

540 PRINT "ENTER P SHORT DESCRIPTION OF"

550 PRINT "THE SHELF LOCPTION ";: INUERSE : PRINT "NO COMMPS'": NORMPL

560 PRINT : INPUT " “;DCf<NS>

570 PRINT : PRINT “POO MORE SHELUES <V/N>? ";: GET Tf: PRINT Tf

580 IF Tf = “V" THEN 310

590 HOME : UTPB <5>: GOTO 200

GOO HOME : UTPB <5>

610 IF NS = 0 THEN PRINT : PRINT "NO SHELF ID'S ON FILE TO REMOUE*": PRINT

: GOTO 200

620 PRINT “NOTE: EPCH SHELF IN P BOOKSHELF MUST"

630 PRINT "BE REMOUFD INDIUIDUPLLV. “

238

March 1983 e Creative Computing

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CIRCLE 242 ON READER SERVICE CARD

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CIRCLE 124 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Library Catalog, continued...

the specified book height and the
height of the specified bookshelf. For
example, a book of “normal” height
cannot be placed on a “short” shelf If
a mismatch occurs during any of the
checks the operator is given the choice
of reviewing a shelf directory as an aid
in correct placement of the book.

After five entries are made, or if the
selection has been made to terminate
data entry, a subroutine is called to
write the stored data to the disk. With
48 K memory, there is actually room to
store a greater number of records
between interruptions for disk stor-
age, but five has been selected to
minimize data loss in case of power
interruption or other disaster.

After all records are entered, the
number of records on the disk, stored
in record 0, is increased. If during the
writing process the disk becomes full,
the drive door is left open after a disk
switch, or if the disk has been write
protected, an appropriate message is
shown and the data are saved. All of
the information stored in the com-
puter memory from the books that are
to be entered is then written when the
drive door is closed or a new disk is
inserted.

After the catalog classification data
are read into the program, lines 330-
390. HIMEM is set to 20000. The
reason for this change is given below.

When data entry is completed in-
structions are given to reinsert the
Catalog Master disk in the drive, and
the Catalog Master routine is run.

Catalog Search

The Search routine (Listing 3) is the
most complex in the program and
is used to find books based on any of
several keys, and also to modify the

"/ pirked up that thousand-item multiple
regression analysis that you ’ve been working
on for two months. Here's the output."

b40 PRINT : PRINT BRS: PRINT : PRINT “ENTER THE 10 NUMBER OF THE REMOUED"

650 INPUT “SHELF (LETTER LETTER NO. EG JH2 > “iLCS
660 IF LEN (LCS) '>3 THEN 648

670 IF ASC < LEFTS ( LCS,1 >) < 65 OR ASC < LEFTS (LCS#1>) > 90 THEN 640
680 IF RS r < MIDS <LCS#2#1 >> < 65 OR ASC < MIOS <LCS#2#1>> > 80 THEN 640

690 IF ASC < RIGHTS (LCS,1>) < 48 OR ASC < RIGHTS (LCS,t>> > 57 THEN 648

7^0 MM * 0

710 IF NS = 0 THEN PRINT “NO SHELF 10'* ON FILE TO REMOUE' “: GOTO 200

729 FOR I = 1 TO NS: IF LCS< I #0 > = LCS THEN HH = 1:LCS(I#0> = LCS(NS#0>:L

CS<I#1> « LCS(NS#n:DCS( I > = 0CS(NS>:I = NS ♦ 2

730 NEXT 1

740 IF HM = O THEN PRINT : PRINT “THE SHELF NUMBER VOU ENTEREO HAS": PRINT
“NOT BEEN ASSIGNED. PLEASE TRV AGP T N . “ : GOTO 640
750 NS = NS - 1

760 PRINT : PRINT “REMOUE MORE SHELUES (V^N)? "#: GET TS: PRINT TS

770 IF TS = “V* THEN 600

780 HOME : UTAB < 5>: GOTO 200

790 HOME : UTAB (5)

900 IF NS = 0 THEN PRINT “NO SHELF IO'S ARE ON FILE.": PRINT : GOTO 200

810 PRINT : PRINT “DO VOU NANT A LISTING 0F“: PRINT

820 PRINT “ (t> ALL BOOKSHELF IO'S ANO“: PRINT SPC< 12 >J "LOCATIONS"

830 PRINT

840 PRINT “ <2> A PARTICULAR SHELF"

850 PRINT

860 PRINT “OR (3) EN0 0IRECT0RV"

870 PPINT : PRINT “ENTER THE NUMBER OF VOUP SELECTION "#: GET TS:

PRINT TS

880 IF TS = “1“ THEN 920

890 IF TS = “2“ THEN 998

900 IF TS = “3“ THEN HOME : UfAB <5>: GOTO 200

910 GOTO 790

920 HOME : UTAB <5>

930 FOR I = 1 TO NS
940 PRINT BRS

950 PRINT “ID * " #LCS< I#0)i SPC< le^-SIZE* “iLCS<I,l>: PRINT “LOCATION:
"iDCfU >

960 FOR J = 1 TO 2000: NEXT J
970 NEXT I

980 PRINT BRS: PRINT : PRINT “EN0 OF LISTING": PRINT "PRESS ANV KEV TO CO
NTINUE "#: GET TS: PRINT : HOME : HTAB (5): GOTO 810
990 HOME : UTAB (5)

1000 PRINT “ENTER THE ID NUMBER OF THE SHELF"

1010 PRINT “IN THE FORMAT": INPUT “ LETTER LETTER NO. EG JM2 "#LC*

1020 IF LEN (LCS) < >3 THEN 990

1030 IF ASC < LEFTS <LCS,1>T < 65 OR ASC < LEFTS (LCS#1)> > 90 THEN 990

1040 IF ASC < MIOS < LCS#2# 1 ) ) < 65 OP ASC ( MIDS <LCS#2#1)> > 90 THEN 990
1050 IF ASC ( RIGHTS <LCS#1>> < 48 OR ASC < RIGHTS <LCS,1>> > 57 THEN 990
1060 HH = 0

1870 FOR 1 = 1 TO NS: IF LCSU .0 > = LCS THEN HH = 1:K = I: l = NS ♦ 1
1080 NEXT 1

1U90 IF HH = 0 THEN PRINT : PRINT “SHELF 10 IS NOT ON FILE.": PRINT : GOTO
1000

110U PRINT : PRINT BPS: PRINT “ID = “*LCS<K#0>* SPC< 5>*“SIZE= “#LCS<K#i>

: PRINT “LOCATION: “DCS< K .)

1110 PRINT : PRINT "PRESS ANV KEV TO CONTINUE "#: GET TS: PRINT : GOTO 798
1120 IF NS = 0 THEN HOME : UTAB (5): PRINT "NO SHELUES ARE ON FILE!": PRINT
: PRINT “BOOKS CANNOT BE ENTEREO UNTIL": PRINT "SHELF IO'S ARE ON FILE!"
: PRINT : GOTO 200
1130 GOSUB 1280
1140 PRINT DS#"OPEN SHELF"

1150 PRINT DS#“HRITE SHELF"

1160 PRINT NS

1170 FOR I = 1 TO NS: PRINT LCS(I,0>: PRINT LCS(I#1>: NEXT I
1180 FOR I = 1 TO NS: PRINT DCS( I ): NEXT I
1190 PRINT DS# "CLOSE"

1280 PRINT OS# "RUN CATALOG MASTEP"

1210 IF PEEK (222) < > 5 THEN PRINT “ERROR CODE H i PEEK <222>*“ FOUND

IN LINE “# PEEK <218> ♦ PEEK (219) * 256: END
1220 PRINT OS# “OPEN SHELF"

1230 PRINT DS#"HRITE SHELF"

1248 NN = 0

1250 PRINT NN

1260 PRINT OS# "CLOSE"

1270 GOTO 100

1280 REM SUBROUTINE TO ORDER SHELF DIRECTORV
1290 F = 0: I = 1

1300 IF LCS< I #0 > < * LCS( I ♦ l#0 > THEN 1350

1310 T l s = LCSU ♦ 1 #0 >: T2S = LCSU ♦ 1#U:T3* = DCS( I ♦ 1>

1320 LCSU ♦ l #0 > — LCS( l #0 *:LCS( I ♦ 1,0 * LCSU #1 >:OCSU 1 > = DCSU >

1330 LCS( I #0 > = T1S:LCS( 1 # 1 > = T2S:DCt' J » = 13 S
1340 F = 1

1350 I = I ♦ 1: IF I < NS THEN 1300
1368 IF F = 1 THEN 1290
1370 RETURN

240

March 1983 c Creative Computing

b

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HUNTINGTON COMPUTING g

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l

B

0

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0

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Softlights

By Fred Huntington

Time to tell you about a nifty little program
that s been around a while that deserves some
mention The Menu Generator is an excellent
orogram that everyone should use on every
disk to create a HELLO program to take the
typing out of running programs

It creates menus quickly and painlessly The
publisher has even given permission to pro*
grammers to use the generated menus in com-
mercial programs — no royalties Comes com-
plete witn a free backup disk.

The usual price is $39 95 Our price $33.89.
But until April 30. you can have it for $27.**
(#9380).

MONEY TO BURN

If you ve got money to burn and want the best
monitor for Apple around and do a lot of word
processing, you have no choice but The
Genius At only $1**5 (we II ship free in US)
it includes a special pro-

gram to make it compatible with Word Star, and
you r choice of B/W. amber or green screen
(only one)

What makes this monitor so special is that it
displays a full 57 rows This means you can see
a full page displayed, just like it will be printed
This is unheard of for the Apple (#113).

ULTIMA II SPECIAL

The hottest new game out is On-Line s Ul-
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Included in Ultima II is the fanciest packaging
ever done by On-Line, a beautiful four-color
17x22 cloth map. suitable for framing, two
disks (three sides) and hours of fun. (#1114)
NEW COMPUTER

We re in the process of installing a new Sage
computer to run our business This 16-bit.
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to have the fastest system ever installed by any
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In less than the time it takes to type your
name, we II be able to tell you the status of your
order, call up any invoice in the last year, tell
you shipping cost for any hardware item, when
back-ordered items will come in and much
more.

We re quite excited about it and will be sell-
ing Sage and Flexware and doing custom pro-
gramming for it More on this later

RANA DRIVES

We are now quite competitive on our Rana
Drive prices. Give us a call for our new lower
prices.

We also have the new Gibson high speed
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At press time our price was $296 Call for latest
pricina (#1 14)

Ice Demons is a nice new arcade game from
the talented Matthew Jew Listing at $29 95.
our special this month is $22.*5. (#7720)
Omega Microwave has an excellent new
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Falls List price is $29 95 and our special is
$22.*S. The documentation that comes with
this is unbelievable And it is copyable and
iistable (#707)

128K — $399

Also from Omega, we re happy to be carry-
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(a bargain even at the full list price of $499) It
requires no removing of chips to install It
comes with powerful disk emulation software,
which adds eight new DOS commands It is the
only 1 28K board that allows the user to load or
save a full 136K VisiCalc file in 20 seconds
(#708)

NEW

#707i Pleasure (adults only) Village $25.3*

#7070 Hands On! (adults only) Village $25.3*

#906i Prism (storybook and games) $!*•**

#96«i Sheila - H.A.I. Labs $21.1*

Rediform Redibmder Great! CAU.

Flexware The best, most flexible, and most expensive account

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#826i Lovers or Strangers $25.3*

Corona IBM PC look alike. Dynamite! CALL

#H7 The Toaster (two removable 5 meg

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#iil IDS paper feeder $439.00

# 1 19 CP/M Card (TM) - CP/M 3.0 (TM) + 64K

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AgDisk Agricultural software CALL

#t22 Compu-Music - Roland $420.00

#2)0 Transtar 1 30 daisy wheel printer with
boldface and underscore Six mo.

ltd. warranty $740.00 mi

#6 82 Taxan RGB color with board A cable $3*0.00 JH

All Santa Clara and Davong drives available ^
at discount

# 7 )80 Money Decisions (Eaglg) special $ 1 40.00

The Transtar 315 is a mind-blowing printer It Q
will dump any HIRES color screen in four- »
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playing a game, press the button and in a few 5]
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Should be ready for shipment shortly Our price 3
$4*0.00 complete' ( #231 ) M

#33 PSIO Dual Function-Card Vide* $100.00 Rj

#240 SRW Color Coder 5 different color library

cases for carrying floppies $15.00 I

We now have the complete line of Okidata

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Child s Play is an incredible new piece of soft* 9|
ware written by Mike T aylor for children three to wR
seven years old. It includes an etch-a-sketch. a W
series of mazes in which the cutest ant you g|
ever saw is guided to his musical reward, and a —
series of quizzes which teach a child concepts
of bigger than, different from, etc Published by
Huntington (with our daughter in mind) we have

priced this so everyone can afford to enjoy it.

The disk is crammed-packed and is only 9|
$10.0*. Order #8999 U

o

SSM has the hottest new modems in the busi-
ness Compatible with just about everything.

The following specials are good through April. H

#8562 Modemcard (300 baud) $23*.*0 ~

#8563 Modem 1200 (1200 BAUD) $54*. 00 Wk

The following Transpaks include the

ModemCard and the Source: S|

#8564 Transpak-1 (includes Transend 1) $300.00 Hi

#8565 Transpak-2 (includes Transend 2) $340.00 U

#8566 Transpak-3 (includes Transend 3) . . $520.00 El

The following include 1 200 baud modem

and the Source
#8567 Transpak-2 + (includes Transend 2) .

$7**J

#•568 Iranspak 3 + (includes Iransend 3) $89.-00 Wi

The following include the Source:

#asao Iransend I $73.00

#•561 Iransend 2 $119.00 V

#•569 Iransend 3 CALL

WE HAVE HUNDREDS OF ATARI

PROGRAMS IN STOCK. K!

GIVE US A CALL.

81

The absolutely most incredible program we S
carry is The Word Processor - the complete H
Bible on eight double sided disks plus one mi
program disk It will scan, search, and do unbe- H
lievable things. You II never find a better bar- -
gam. Sale price $140.0*. (#7320)

Call Toll-Free 800 - 344-5106 (outside California)

Post Office Box 1297
ICorcoran. California 93212

B Foreign Orders 209-992-4481
In California 800-692-4146

We take MasterCard. American Express or VISA (Include card # and
Apple • is • registered trader^* of Apple Computer me expiration date) California residents add 6% tax Include S2 00 for postage
Per •$ a regisiered irademart, of commodore Foreign and hardware extra Foreign (excluding Canada) remit U S cur-

***_ *• ■QW/M j eartum srt cXTSndy Con> rency. checks on U S banks, use listed charge cards, or make direct wire

Ala 4 a egiste ed I adema O Atan me transfers through Security Pacific Bank. Corcoran, for a $6 00 charge All

Outside Cam 800-344-5106 overseas orders shipped by air Send for free catalog Prices subject to

change without notice

CIRCLE 181 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Library Catalog, continued...

book records. If the routine has been
called by the Master routine for record
modification, address 773 will contain
92, setting MOD=l, and bypassing
program lines 160 through 390. The
data needed for catalog number selec-
tion are not read in. and the program
proceeds directly to the request for the
book title. If a search is to be made on
title, subject, or author, the catalogu-
ing data are read in from the SC SEQ
LIST text files.

After the necessary initializations, a
menu is presented, and you select the
type of search to be performed. If title
is selected, the name of the book is
entered, the first words or the entire
title, and then the search is conducted
on all data records. Instructions are
given to insert data disks sequentially,
with the total number of disks con-
taining catalog data found in location
771, where it was POKEd by the Mas-
ter routine.

When a match is found, the entire
file is presented, as shown in Figure 8,
and you then have the opportunity to
end the search or to continue looking
for other books with the same title.
When the search is completed, the
Search menu is returned to the screen.

Figure 8.

Sample Results of Search program.

TITLE: I HEAR AMERICA TALKING
AUTHOR: FLEXNER
LOCATION: JC1

SIZE (SMALL-NORMAL-TALL): T
CATEGORY: NON-FICTION
CATALOG NUMBER: 421
BOOK HAS NOT BEEN LOANED OUT.

CONTINUE SEARCH (Y/N)

The search on author is more com-
plex since it is necessary to find all
books by the given author or authors,
even when they are included among
the authors of a book with additional
writers. The name(s) of the author is
requested. For the case of multiple
authors, the routine determines the
number, and stores each name in an
array.

In the case of a single author, the
search proceeds through the data-
containing disks. Byte 94, which con-
tains the number of authors in the
individual record, is examined. If the
number is I, then the name of the
author is extracted from the record
and compared to the given name. If the
number on the record is greater than I ,
then each of the authors in the record
is compared to the given name. If the
search is for a book with more than

Listing 7.

1U KcM program ro CREATE SC SEQ LIST 0
20 DIM SC* 100.-'

*0 Of = CARS <4>

40 FOR I M TO 100: READ SC$< I >: NEXT
50 PRINT Of # “OPEN SC SEQ LIST 0*'

60 PRINT Of ;" WRITE SC SEQ LIST 0“

70 FOR I = 1 TO 100: PRINT SCf< I >: NEXT
S0 PRINT Of ;" CLOSE"

100 DATA "GENERALITIES". "KNOWLEDGE", "THE BOOK", "SYSTEMS","* “
l ie DATA “« •/# S*# "/i , * '

120 DATA "BIBLIOGRAPHY" ."BIBLIOGRAPHIES" ."OF INOIUIDUALS" ,"0F WORKS BY S
PFC CLASSES OF WRITERS", "OF ANON x, PSFUDQN WRITERS"

130 OATA "OF WORKS FROM SPFC PLACES" , "SUBJECT BIBLIOS CATALOGS" ."GEN S
OBJECT CATALOGS", "AUTHOR t DATE CATALOGS" , "D I CT IONARY CATALOGS"

140 OATA "LIBRARY * INFO SCIENCES" ."LIBRARY RELATIONSHIPS" ."PHYSICAL PLA
NT". "PERSONNEL & POSITIONS" , "* "

150 OATA "LIBRARY OPERATIONS" ."LIBRARIES FOR SPEC SUBJECTS" , "GENERAL LIB
RARTES", "READING & USE OF INFO MEOIA" , "♦ "

160 OATA "GEN ENCYCLOPEDIC WORKS" ."AMERICAN" ."OTHERS IN ENGLISH", "IN OTH
ER GERMANIC LANGS", "IN FRENCH- PROVENCAL- CATALAN"

170 OATA "IN ITAL- ROMANIAN- RAETO-ROMANIC" ," IN SPANISH t PORTUGUESE I
N SLA 1 1IC LANGS "."IN SCANDINAVIAN LPNGS","IN OTHER LANGS"

1B0 OATA "* ","* ","* "

ISO OATA "* “,"* ","* "

>00 DATA "GENERAL SERIAL PUBLICATIONS" , "AMERICAN" ."OTHERS IN ENGLISH", "I
N OTHER GERMANIC LANGS", "IN FRENCH- PROVENCAL- CATALAN"

210 OATA "IN ITAL- ROMAN I AN-RHAETO-ROMAN I C " . " I N SPANISH t PORTUGUESE "," I
N SLAUIC LANGS", "IN SCANDINAVIAN LANGS", "IN OTHER LANGS"

220 OATA "GENERAL ORGS & MUSEOLOGY" , " IN NORTH AMERICA", "IN BRITISH ISLES
"."IN CENTRAL EUROPE "."IN PRANCE MONACO-
230 OATA "IN ITALY « AOJ TERRITORIES" ."IN IBERIAN PEN «c AOJ ISL","IN E E
UROPE "."IN OTHER AREAS" ."MUSEOLOGY < MUSEUM SCI v*

>40 OATA "JOURNALISM- PUBLISHING- NEWSPAPERS" ," IN N AMER" ."IN BRITISH IS
LES" ."IN C EUROPE", "IN FRANCE & MONACO"

250 DATA "IN ITALY & AOJ TERRS". "IN IBERIAN PEN £ AOJ ISL","IN E EUROPE"
."IN SCANOINAVIA-,-lN OTHER AREAS"

260 OATA "GENERAL COLLECTIONS" . "AMERICAN" , "OTHERS IN ENGLISH", "IN OTHER
GERMANIC LANGS", "IN FRENCH- PROCENCAL -CAT ALAN"

270 DATA "IN ITAL- ROMANIAN- RHAETO-ROMANIC" ," IN SPANISH *, PORTUGUESE"."

IN SLAVIC LANGS", "IN SCANDINAVIAN LANGS", "IN OTHER LANGS"

280 OATA "MSS & BOOK RARITIES" ."MSS", "BLOCK BOOKS"." INCUNABULA" , "PR I NTEO
BOOKS"

>90 DATA "BOOKS NOTABLE FOR BINDINGS" ."NOTABLE ILLUST & MATLS" , "NOTABLE
OWNERSHIP OR ORIGIN" ."WORKS NOTABLE FOR CONTENT" .“BOOKS NOTABLE FOR F
ORMAT"

10 REM PROGRAM Tu CREATE SC SEQ LIST t
20 DIM SC* 100 >

30 Of = CHRf <4>

40 FOR I 38 1 TO 100: READ SC* I >: NEXT
50 PRINT Df ; “OPEN SC SEQ LIST 1"

60 PRINT Df; "WRITE SC SEQ LIST 1"

70 FOR I = 1 TO 100: PRINT SC* I ): NEXT
80 PRINT Df;" CLOSE"

100 DATA "PHILOSOPHY & REL DISCIPLINES" , "THEORY OF PHIL","MISC OF PHIL",
"DICTIONARIES OF PHIL","* "

110 DATA "SERIALS OH PHIL* # " ORGAN I ZAT I ONS OF PHIL "."STUDY ? TEACHING OF
PHIL", "TREATMENT AMONG 6R0UPS OF PERSONS" ."HISTORICAL TREATMENT OF P
MIL"

120 DATA "METAPHYSICS" ."ONTOLOGY" , "* " , "COSMOLOGY" , "SPACE"

130 OATA "TIME". "EVOLUTION", "STRUCTURE". "FORCE l ENERGY" . "NUMBER t QUANT
ITY"

140 DATA "EPSTEMLOGV-CAUST ION- AMNK I NO " ."EP IS TEM0L06Y" ."CAUSATION" ,"DETE
RMINISM t INDETERMINISM", "TELEOLOGY"

150 DATA "* "."THE SELF" , "UNCONSCIOUS l SUBCONSCIOUS" , "HUMANK I NO" , "OR 16 I
N t DESTINY OF INDIV'Al SOULS"

160 OATA "PARANORMAL PHENOMENA *< ARTS" ."WELL-BEING- HAPPINESS- SUCCESS",
"* "."PARAPSYCHOLOGY & OCCULTISM" , -
170 DATA "DREAMS & MYSTERIES","* "."ANALYTIC «. DIVINATORY GRAPHOLOGY" ,"P
HYS I OGNOMY " , " PHRENUl OGV "

180 OATA "SPECIFIED PHILOSOPHICAL UIEMPOINTS"."IDLSM t RELTO SYS * DOCTR
NS", "CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY", "INTUITIONISM BERGSON I SM ", "HUMAN ISM t REL

ATED SYSTEMS"

1*0 OATA "SENSATIONALISM t IDEOLOGY" ."NATURALISM %. RELATEO SYSTEMS" ."PAN
THEISM l RELATED SYSTEMS" . "L I BERAL ISM x OTHER SYSTEMS" ."OTHER SYSTEMS
OOCTRINES"

200 DATA "PSYCHOLOGY" , "* "."PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY" ."INTELLIGENCE * IN
TELLECT", "SUBCONSCIOUS STATES t PROCESSES"

210 DATA "DIFFERENTIAL t GENETIC PSYCHOLOGY" , "COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY" , "A
BNORMAL & CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY "."APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY" ."OTHER ASPECTS"
220 OATA "LOGIC"," INDUCTION", "DEDUCTION","* ","* "

230 OATA "FALLICIES SOURCES OF ERROR" , "SVLL06ISMS" . "HYPOTHESES" ."ARGUM
ENT & PERSUASION", "ANALOGY"

240 DATA "ETHICS (MORAL PHILOSOPHY) "."SYSTEMS *« OOCTRINES" ."POLITICAL ET
HICS", "ETHICS OF FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS" ."PROFESSIONAL & OCCUP'AL ETHIC

S"

250 DATA "ETHICS OF RECREATION * LEISURE" ."ETHICS OF SEX «< REPRODUCTION"
."ETHICS OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS" , "ETHICS OF CONSUMPTION" , "OTHER ETHI
CAL NORMS"

242

March 1 983 c Creative Computing

NEW Unlocked Apple Utility Disks

Don’t Blow Your Bucks on Locked-Up Uncopyable Apple Software

Frame-Up

HI -SPEED GRAPH IC8 DIB PLAT
BY TOM WUIBHAAJl

CREATE PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS of
ntermixed hi res, lores and text frames. Easy- to
and FAST- hi res images load in 2V»-
onds! Paddles or Keyboard- advance frames in
orward or reverse.

UNATTENDED SHOWS are possible with each
ame individually pre-programmed to appear on
»e screen from 1 to 99 seconds.

TEXT SCREEN EDITOR lets you create your
wn b/w text “slides'*. Add type “live" from the
keyboard during presentations if you want.

DISPLAY MODULE: Send entire presentations
n-disk to your friends and associates.
MAMED* $29.50

(IncludM PMU/Pota. Chart)

Apple Mechanic

SHAPE -WRITER. BYTE -ZAP DISK
BT BERT KBR8BY

SHAPE EDITOR: Keyboard-draw shapes for hi-
res animation in your programs. Design propor-
tionally-spaced typefaces with special
characters. 6 fonts on the disk. Listable demos
show how to use shape tables to animate games,
graphics and professional Charts A Graphs.

BYTE-ZAP: Rewrite any byte on a disk for repair
or alteration. Load entire sectors on the screen
for inspection. Hex/ Dec/Ascii displays and input
Complete instructions for making trick file
names, restoring deleted files, etc.

MORE: Useful music, text and hi res tricks for
your programs. Educational documentation.
AF9U MECHANIC: $29.50

(IncludM hMU/PotiM Chart * Up Book. 5)

*

Typefaces

TOR APPLE MECHANIC

26 NEW FONTS for Apple Mechanic's Xtyper
and Hi- Writer programs. Most are full 96-charac-
ter fonts, large A small, of folly- editable charac-
ters. (Apple Mechanic required)

BEAGLE MENU: Use with your disks. Display
only the filenames you want (e.g. only Applesoft
files or only Locked files) for one-key cursor
selection/execution. Space-on-disk, catalog
scan, optional sector-number elimination.
TYPCFACCS foe Apple Mechanic: $20.00

(IncludM PaMs PokMXhart * Beogie Menu Util »y)

- —

nr*?

18

FLUB OH ONE DISK

Flex Text

70-COLUMN TEXT UTILITY

PRINT VARIABLE-WIDTH TEXT on the hi res
screens with normal Applesoft commands
(including Htab 1-70). Normal, expanded A com
pressed text on same screen— no hardware!

ADD GRAPHICS TO TEXT or vice-versa. Run
existing programs under Flex Text control. Easy
to use and compatible with PLE® and GPLE.®
DOS TOOL KIT® FONT compatibility, or use
Flex Text fonts. Select up to 9 fonts with ctrl-key
commands. Print/List/Catalog in any style! Cus-
tom TEXT CHARACTER EDITOR included.

MX TEXT: $29.50

(IncludM rt iM i i'hokM Chart. nquM. monitor)

Utility City

81 UnLITIB8 ON ONE DISK
BY BBRT KEEBET

LIST FORMATTER prints each program state-
ment on a new line. Loops indented with printer
page breaks. A great de-bugger! Also...

MULTI-COLUMN catalogs for printouts, auto-
post Run-number A Date m programs, put invisi-
ble commands in programs, create INVISIBLE file
names, alphabetize/store info on disk, convert
decimal to hex or INT to FP. renumber to 65535.
append programs, dump text-screen to printer...

MORE TOO: 21 Pro-ams Total, a best-seller!

UTILITY CITY: $29 A0

(IncludM rtMto hokM Chart k Tip took.])

. 9

10 FOR A = 1 TO 22: PRINT CHR$(ASC (MID$(
"IJ — !IPX(T!ZPVS!TJTUFS@". A. 1))-A/A);

20 FOR B = 1 TO 4: C = PEEK(49200): NEXT B. A

DOS Boss

DISK COMMAND EDITOR
EY BEET XBH0EY A JACK CAB8IPT

RENAME COMMANDS A ERROR MESSAGES:
"Catalog" can be “C“; “Syntax Error" can be
“Oops" or anything you want Protect your pro-
grams; unauthorized save-attempt can proauce
plot Copyable" message. Also LiST-prevention
and one-key program- run from catalog
CUSTOMIZE DOS: Change Disk Volume head-
ing to your message. Omit/ alter catalog file codes.
Fascinating documentation and tips: hours of
Juicy reading and Apple experiments.

ANYONE USING YOUR DISKS (booted or not)
will be formatting DOS the way you designed it
DOS BOSS: $24.00

(IncludM Paaki/PofcM Chart S Tip Book* 2)

Tip Disk* 1

100 TIP BOOK TIPS ON DISK

ProntoDOS

" HIGH-SPEED DISK UTILITY
EY TOM WEIBHAAR

HIGH-SPEED DOS! Take a look—

Function Normal Pronto

BLOAD HI RES IMAGE 10 sec. 3 sec.

BSAVE HI RES IMAGE 12 sec. 6 sec.

LOAD 60-SECTOR PROGRAM .16 sec. 4 sec.
SAVE 60-SECTOR PROGRAM . . 24 sec. 9 sec.

BLOAD LANGUAGE CARD 13 sec. 4 sec.

TEXT FILES (no dun*)

BOOT PRONTO- DOS or any updated normal-3.3
disk. Create new ProntoDos disks with the nor-
mal INTT command. ProntoDos is compatible with
ALL DOS COMMANDS and performs normally
with almost ALL programs, including CopyA.

MORE DISK SPACE: ProntoDos frees- up 15-
extrasectors per disk, almost one foil track!

PRONTODOS: $2930

(IncludM P»MiPokM Chart)

Alpha Plot

HI RES QRAPKICS/TBXT UTILITY
BT BBRT KBBBMY & JACK CASSIDY

DRAW IN HI RES, on 2 pages, using keyboard or
paddles/loystick. See lines before plotting.
Mixed-colors and reverse (background opposite).
Fast circles, boxes and ellipses; filled or outlined.

COMPRESS HI RES P1X to 1/3 Disk-Space.
Superimpose pages or re-locate any rectangular
image area anywhere on either hi res page.

Hl-RES TEXT: Proportional spacing adjustable
character size and color, upper/lower case, no tab
limits, sideways typing for graphs.

ALPHA RIOT: $39.50

(IncludM Paaks/PokM Chart * Tip Book *4)

I*

% -

TWELVE GREAT GAMES from the classic Bea-

« c Bros collection— TextTrain. Slippery Digits.

owzo. Magic Pack. Buzzword... Almost all of our
“Game Pack* games, updated and re-released on
one Jam-packet entertaining unprotected disk.

COMPARE BEAGLE BAG with any one-game
locked-up game disk on the market today. All 12
games are a blast, the price is right, the instruc-
tions are crystal clear. AND the disk is copyable.
You can even change the programs or list them to
LEARN, and see what makes them tick.

BEAGLE MENU TOO: See “Typefaces” above.

BIAOLf SAG: $29.50

(IncludM P»sk E/ PokM Chort a Bsogie Menu Utirty)

100 LISTABLE PROGRAMS from Beagle Bros .
Tip Books 1-4. Make your Apple do things its I
never done! All programs changeable for expert i
mentation. Includes our Apple Command Chart: ■
ALL Applesoft Integer ft DOS Commands!

TIP DISK#1 : $20.00

(IncludM Fsakt/PokM and Apo*s Command Chart!)

GOT MV

BROS COMMAND
. IVE ACQUIRED
NEW VIM ANDWOOfi!

unsolicited endorsement >

tmdr mark of
You Know Who. I

Where to Buy Beagla Bros Blake:

MOST APPLE DEALERS cMTy Bead. Bros aoftmre.

If yours doesn’t, get on his esse. Or order directly
from us for IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT—

■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■I

Visa/MasterCard/COD. call TOLL FREE:
Nationwide: 1800-854-2003 ext 827
California: 1-800-522-1500 ext. 827
Alaska/Hawaii: 1800-854-2622 ext. 827

OR mail U.S.check. money-order or Vtsa/MC **#
to BEAGLE BROS, Dept C
4315 SIERRA VISTA / SAN DIEGO. CA 92103

Please add 81.90 First Class shipping, any size order.

I Overseas add 84.00. COD add 83.00. California wld 6%
ALL ORDERS SHIPPED IMMEDIATELY.

CIRCLE 114 ON READER SERVICE CARD

KSS88M

|@.'Cotelog®i
tls Attracting^

^You Can See Why!$

VisiCalc

$179.99

Terrapin Logo

$119.99

The Accountant

$109.99

IBM Everyday Catalog
Specials

First Class Mail

$94.99

Microsoft Flight Sim.

$42.99

Strictly Soft Wore 1-800448-S2S3

To receive your free catalog right
away, send this coupon to the address
below. Do you want our □ Apple or
□ IBM Catalog?

NAME

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STATE

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P.O. Bo* 338
Granville. OH 43023
Phone Orders fir Technical
Assistance: 1800 848 5253

In Ohio: 1614 587 2938 ml ml CC

L

CIRCLE 265 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Library Catalog, continued...

?S0 DATA “ANCIENT- MEO'VL l ORIENTAL PHIL" , "ORIENTAL" ."PRE-SOCRAT I C GREE
K"."SOPHSTIC- SOCRATIC REL GRK" ."PLATONIC"

270 DATA "ARISTOTELIAN" ."SKEPTIC ?< NEOPLATONIC" . "EPICUREAN" ."STOIC" . "MED
IEUAL MESTERN"

280 DATA "MODERN MESTERN PHILOSOPHY" ."U. S. t CANAOA" ."BRITISH ISLES". "GE
RMANV t AUSTRIA "."FRANCE"

290 DATA "ITALV". "SPAIN & PORTUGAL " . "RUSS I A t FINLAND" ."SCANOANAVI A" ,"0T
HER GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS"

10 HEM hhOGRAM TO CREATE SC SEO LIST 2
20 DIM SC* 100 •

30 0$ = tHRf <4>

♦U t^OR I = 1 TO luus READ SC* I ): NEXT
50 PRINT Df*“0PEN SC SEO LIST 2"

G0 PRINT D*;"MRITE SC SEO LIST 2"

70 FOR I = 1 TO 100: PRINT SC* I >: NEXT
SO PRINT Of ; "CLOSE"

10O DATA "RELIGION". "PHILOSOPHY OF CHRISTIANITY" ."M ISC OF CHRISTIANITY".

"DICTIONAIES OF CHRIST I ANITW'SPCL TOPICS OF GEN APPLC6LTY"

110 DATA "SERIALS ON CHRISTIANITY" ."ORGS OF CHRISTIANITY" ."STUDY * TEACH
ING OF CHRISTIANITY" . "CHRIST'' I TV AMONG GROUPS OF PERSONS" ."HISTORY a
GEOG OF CHRISTIANITY"

120 OATA "NATURAL RELIGION" .‘CONCEPTS OF GOO". "NATURE OF GOO" ."CREATION"
."THEODICY"

130 DATA "SCIENCE & RELIGION". "GOOD * EVIL"."* " . “HUMANK I NO" . "ANALOGY"
140 OATA "BIBLE". "OLD TESTAMENT" , "HISTORICAL BOOKS OF 0. T. " ."POETIC BOOK
S OF O.T. "."PROPHETIC BOOKS OF O.T."

158 DATA "NEW TESTAMENT" , "GOSPELS * ACTS". "EPISTLES". "REVELATION (APOCAL
VPSE)"." APOCRYPHA & PSEU0EPI6RAPHA"

180 DATA "CHRISTIAN THEOL 06Y" . "GOO" . " JESUS CHRIST t HIS FAMILY" ."HUMANK I
NO". "SALIVATION < S0TERI0L06V > «< GRACE"

170 DATA "SPIRITUAL BE I N6S " . "ESCHAT GLOGV " , "."CREEDS t CONFESSIONS OF
FAITH". "APOLOGETICS & POLEMICS"

180 OATA "CHRSTN MORAL & OEUTONAL THEOLGY" , "MORAL THEOLOGY" ."OEVOTIONAL
L I TERAT URE " . " EUANGL ST I C WRT6S FOR INOVALS" . “* "

190 DATA "HYMNS W/Q MUSIC". "ART IN CAR I ST I AN I TY" . "CHURCH FURNISHINGS t A
RTICLES". "CHRSTN EXPRNCE- PRACT- LIFE" ."CHRISTIAN OBSERVANCES IN FAH
LIFE"

200 OATA “LOCAL CHURCH * REL ORDERS" ."PREACHING t. HOMILETICS >" ."TEXTS OF
SERMONS "."SECULAR CLERGYMEN & DUTIES" ."PARISH GOUT t ADMIN-
210 DATA "RELIG CONGS t ORDERS"."* "."* "."* " . "PAROCHICAL ACTIUITIES"
229 DATA "SOCIAL l ECC'TAL THEOLOGY" ."SOCIAL THEOLOGY" . "ECCLES I OLOGV" ,"T
IMES S, PLACES OF REL OBSERU" . "PUBLIC WORSHIP"

238 DATA "OTHER RITES- CEREMONIES- ORDS" ."MISS IONS", "ASSOC FOR RELIGIOUS
MORk", "RELIG TRAINING & INSTRUCTION" ."SPIRITUAL RENEWAL"

240 DATA "HISTORY fc GEOG OF CHURCH" ."RELIGIOUS CONGS t ORDERS" ."PERSECUT
IONS". "DOCTRINAL CONTROLLERS I ES *, HERESIES" , "CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN EUROP
E"

250 DHTh "CHRISTIhN CHURCH IN ASIA" , "CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN AFRICA" ."CHRSTN
CHURCH IN N AMER", "CHRISTIAN CHURCH IS S AMERICA" . "CHRISTIAN CHURCH
IN OTHER AREAS"

?R0 DATA "CHRISTIAN OENOMS * SECTS" ."PR I HIT AOE t ORIENTAL CHURCHES" , "ROM
AN CATHOLIC CHURCH" ."ANGLICAN CHURCHES" , "PROTESTANTS OF CONT'L ORIGIN

M

270 DATA "PRESBTAN t RELATED CHURCHES" ."BAPTIST- DISCIPLES- AOUENTIST" ,
"METHOOIST CHURCHES". "UNITARIANISM", "OTHER DENOMS * SECTS"

280 DATA "OTHER t COMPARATIVE RELIGIONS" , "COHPARAT I UE RELIGION" . "CLASSIC
AL < GRK * ROM > RELIGION" ."GERMANIC RELIGION", "RELIGIONS OF INOIC 0RI6
IN"

290 DATA " ZOROASTR I AMISH" , " JUDAISM" , " T SLAM f RELI6I0NS DERIVED FROM IT".
"* "."OTHER RELIGIONS'*

10 REM PROGRAM TO CREATE SC SEO LIST 3
20 DIM SC* 10O>

30 Df = CHRf <4)

40 FOR I = 1 TO 100: READ SC* I ): NEXT
50 PRINT Of * "OPEN SC SEO LIST 3"

80 PRINT Of ;"NRITE SC SEO LIST 3"

70 FOR I = 1 TO 10O: PRINT SC* I >: NEXT
80 PRINT Df* "CLOSE"

100 DATA "SOCIAL SCIENCES". "SOCIOLOGY", "SOCIAL INTERACTION" ."SOCIAL PfiOC
ESSES "."PEL AT ION OF NATURAL FACTORS"

110 DATA "SOCIAL STRATIFICATION" ."CULTURE & INST I TIJT IONS" ."COMMUNITIES "

120 DATA "STATISTICS"."* "."STATISTICS OF POPULATIONS" "."GENERAL STA
T I ST ICS OF EUROPE"

130 DATA "GENERAL STATISTICS OF ASIA" . "GENERAL STATISTICS OF AFRICA". "GE
NERAL STATISTICS Of N AMERICA" , "GENERAl STATISTICS OF S AMERICA" ."GEN
ERAL STATISTICS OF OTHER AREAS"

140 OATA "POLITICAL SCIENCE "."KINDS OF GOVTS & STATES" , "RELATION OF STA
TE TO SOCIAL GROUPS" ."RELATION OF STATE TO RESIDENTS" ."POLITICAL PROC

ESS"

150 OATA "INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION" ,"SLAl CRY & EMANCIPATION" ," INTERNATION
AL RELATIONS". "LEGISLATION", "

180 DATA "ECONOMICS". "LABOR ECONOMICS" , "FINANCIAL ECONOMICS" ."LAND ECONO
MICS", "COOPERATIVES"

170 OATA "SOCIALISM *, RELATEO SYSTEMS" . "PUBLIC FINANCE" ," INTERNATIONAL E
CONOHICS". "PRODUCTION". "MACROECONOMICS & RELATED TOPICS"

180 DATA "LAM". "INTERNATIONAL LAW". "CON t ADMIN LAW","MISC PUBLIC LAM","

SOCIAL LAM"

244

March 1983 c Creative Computing

Inventory Reduction Sale

Many items at cost. Order Now.

COMPUTERS

Apple II 48K

$1065

Atari 800 48K

$655

Chamelion (portable IBM type)

$1995

Franklin ACE 1000

$955

Kaypro

$1695

IBM PC

$CALL

Osborne

SCALL

NEC APC

$3150

Slimline S 100

Under $2000

Syscom 2 (like Applel

$725

VIC 64

Ask for Package!!

PRINTERS

Epson MX 80 F/T

$435

Epson MX 100

$645

Brother /Comrex I7cps daisy

$745

FIQ Starwriter

$1225

NEC 7710-1

$2065

NEC 7730-1 |(or IBM PC|

$2095

Okidata

Entire line at dealer cost

u84AP

$935

u92A |160cps|

$525

Prowriter

$435

Prowriter II

$655

Smith Corona TP-1

$550

Star Gemini-15

$495

VIDEO MONITORS

The best value in Monochrome is

OYNAX

The best value in RGB is

TAXAN

Amdek 300G 12" green

$145

Amdek 300A amber

$160

Amdek 310G for IBM

$170

Amdek 310A amber

$180

Amdek Color 1

$325

Amdek Color II

$685

Oynax 12" green. 20MHz

$129

Oynax 12 amber. 20MHz

$145

Taxan/JCS 12" green

$135

Taxan/JCS RGB 1

$345

BMC Sanyo. USI

We expect new low pricing

by the time this ad appears. SCALL

FOR APPLE & FRANKLIN

Corvus all items

BIG OISCOUNT

dBase II

$395

Z 80 Card— Applied Engineering

1-9 pcs

$195

10* pcs

$175

Universities, clubs, and dealers welcome

Hayes Micromodem II

$275

Rana Elite 1

$285

Rana Elite It— double

$455

Rana Elite III— quad

$585

8‘ drive. 2MByte Floppy System

$1695

Ominivion 80 column, with software

$165

Parallel Interface with cable

$58

Prometheus I6K RAM

$75

'Graphitli (Printer /Graphics Int.)

$110

'Expand a Ram. up to 128K

$195

Videx Videoterm 80 column

$245

Visicalc 3 3

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CIRCLE 187 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Library Catalog, continued...

one author, the search immediately
proceeds to look at only books with
that or a greater number of authors
for a match.

In all cases, if a match is found, the
entire record is shown on the screen,
and the operator has the opportunity
to end the search or to continue the
search for additional books by the
author or authors.

The search on subject goes through
the same process as the entry pro-
cedure in that the catalog divisions
are shown on the screen and you have
the opportunity to select the area of
interest. The one change here is that
the opportunity is given to search on
any of the three levels of categoriza-
tion. Once the catalog number is
selected, the routine jumps to a sec-
tion which searches each of the data
records at byte 82 for a match. The
entire record and continue/ stop op-
tion are presented.

In the modify usage of the Search
program, the cataloguing data are not
read in, and after entry of the title, the
search proceeds for the book. When
found, the choice of modifying the
record, deleting the record, or leaving
the record unchanged is presented. If
modification is selected, the first
choice is to check in/ check out the
book. If this is the need, the book is
either checked in and the shelf location
shown, or the borrower’s name is re-
quested. These data are then inserted
in the book record.

If the record is to be changed, each
entry in it is presented individually,
with the option of change/ no change
available each time. Once again, with
a modification, you have the oppor-
tunity to continue the search for dif-
ferent books with the same title or to
end the search.

When a record is selected for dele-
tion, the last record on the disk is
rewritten over the record to be deleted.

“ Been a long day, huh Harry! ’*

196 OATA “CRIMINAL LAW" , "PR I MATE LAM","CIUIL PROCEDURE t COURTS" . "STATUT
ES- REGS- CASES", "LAM OF INOIU'AL STATES 1 NATIONS"

>00 DATA ‘PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION" ."CENTRAL GOUTS" ."LOCAL GOUTS". "US FEDER
Al % STATF GOUTS", "OTHER CENTRAL GOUTS*'

210 DATA "MILITARY ART $, SCI". "FOOT FORCES *« WARFARE" ."MOUNTED FORCES t
WARFARE". "ARMORED- TECH- AIR- SPACE FORCES", "SEA FORCES t WARFARE"

229 DATA “SOCIAL PROBLEMS t SERU ICES" ."SOCIAL PROBLEMS WELFARE" ."SOCIA
L WELFARE PROBS !< SERU ICES" ."OTHER SOCIAL PROBS Z> SERUICES" ."CRIHINOL
OGV"

230 DATA "PENAL INSTITUTIONS" ."ASSOCIATION" ."GENERAL CLUBS "."INSURANCE".
"MISC KINDS OF ASSOC'S"

240 DATA "EDUCAT ION", "GENERALITIES OF EO" , "ELEMENTARY ED" . "SECONDARY ED"
."ADULT ED"

250 DATA "CURR I CULUMS" , " EO OF WOMEN" , "SCHOOLS RELIGION" ."HIGHER EO"."E
D & THE STATE"

260 DATA "COMMERCE < TRAOE >"." INTERNAL COMMERCE" ." INTERNATIONAL COMM","PO
STAL COMMUN", "OTHER SYSTEMS OF COMMON"

270 DATA "RAILROAO TRANSPORT" ," INLANO WATERWAY «< FERRY" ."MATER- AIR- SPA
CE TRANS" , "GROUND TRANS" , "METROLOGY l STANDARDIZATION"

280 DATA "CUSTOMS- ETIQUETTE- FOLKLORE" ."COSTUME Z. PERSONAL APPEARANCE".

"CUST OF LIFE CV & DOM LIFE", "DEATH CUSTOMS" , "GENERAL CUSTOMS"

280 DATA "ETIQUETTE < MANNERS )"."* ","* " ."FOLKLORE" ."CUSTOMS OF WAR *« 01
PLOMACY"

10 HEM hROGRAM TO CREATE SC SEQ LIST 4
28 DIMSCf'lMG'

40 Df = CHRf <*>

40 FOR T * 1 TO 100: READ SCf( I >: NEXT
50 PRINT Of; "OPEN SC SEQ LIST 4"

60 PRINT Df; "WRITE SC SEQ LIST 4"

70 FOR 1 * 1 TO 100: PRINT SCf< I >: NEXT
60 PRINT Of ; "CLOSE"

100 DATA "LANGUAGE "."PHI LOSOPHV t THEORY" , "MISC" . "DICTIONARIES & ENCLYCL
OPED IAS"." SPEC I AL TOPICS OF GEN QPPI Ji "

110 DATA "SERIAL PUBLIC AT IONS "."ORGANIZATIONS "."STUDY & TEACH IMG", "TREAT
MENT AMONG GROUPS OF PERSONS" . "HIST •> GEOG TREATMENT"

120 DATA "LINGUISTICS". "NOTATIONS", "ETYMOLOGY", "POLYGLOT DICTIONARIES","
PHONOL OGV"

130 DATA "STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS (GRAMMAR)","* "."DIALECTOLOGY fc PALEOGRAPH
V" , "USAGE (APPLIED LIINGUISTICS>"."'€RBAL LANG NOT SPOKEN OR WRITTEN"

140 DATA "ENGLISH t ANGLO-SAXON LANGS" , "WRITTEN t SPOKEN ENG". "ENG ETVMO
LOGY" # "ENG DICTIONARIES" "

150 OATA "ENG STRUCTURAL SYSTEM","* " , "NONSTANOARO ENG" ."STANDARO ENG US
AGE", "ANGLO-SAXON (OlD ENG >"

160 DATA "GERMANIC LANGS "."WRIT TEN «< SPOKEN GER","GER ETYMOLOGY" ,"GER DI
CTIQNARIES" , "* "

170 DATA "GER STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ","* "."NONSTANDARD GER" ,"STD GER USAGE"
."OTHER GERMANIC LAN6 C "

180 DATA "ROMANCE LANGS- FRENCH" ."WRITTEN & SPOKEN FR" ,"FR ETYMOLOGY" ,"F
R DICTIONARIES","* "

190 DATA "PR STRUCTURAL SYSTEM","* "."NONSTO FR","ST0 FR USAGE" ."PROUENC
AL * CAT LAN"

>00 UATA "ITAL- ROMANIAN- RHAETO-ROMAN I C" ."WRITTEN & SPOKEN ITAL" ," ITAL
ETYMOLOGY"," I TAL DICTIONARIES" . ■

210 DATA "ITAL STRUCTURAL SYSTEM","* "."NONSTO ITAL", "STD ITAL USAGE". "R
OMAN I AN RHAET O-ROMWN I C "

220 DATA "SPANISH Z. PORT LANGS" ."WRITTEN t, SPOKEN SP","SP ETYMOLOGY" , "SP
OICTTONARIES" , "* "

230 OATA "SP STRUCTURAL SYSTEM","* "."NONSTO SP","ST0 SP USAGE" ."PORTUGU
ESF"

240 OATA "ITALIC LANGS- LATIN", "WRITTEN & SPOKEN CLASSICAL LATIN" ."CLASS
LATIN ETYMOLOGY", "CL LATIN DICTIONARIES","* "

250 OATA "CL LATIN STRUCTURAL SYSTEM","* "."OLD- POSTCLASSICAL- UULGAR L
ATIN" , "CL LATIN USAGE" , "OTHER ITALIC LANGS"

260 OATA "HELLENIC LANGS-CLASSICAL GREEK" . "WRITTEN Z, SPOKEN CLASSICAL GR
"."CLASSICAL GR ETYMOLOGY" ."CLASSICAL GR DICTIONARIES"."* "

270 DATA "CLASSICAL GREEK STRUCTURAL SYSTEM","* "."POSTCLASSICAL GR","CL
ASS 1 CAL GR USAGE", "OTHER HELLENIC LONGS"

280 DATA "OTHER LANGS", "EAST INDO-EUR * CELTIC" , "AFRO-ASIATIC (HAMITO-SE
MITIC )" , "HAMIT IC K CHAO L ANOS " , “ URAL -AL T A I C-PALEOSBR I AN-ORA' 1 1 D I AN"

290 OATA "SINO-TIBETAN 1 OTHER" ."AFRICAN LANGS", "N AMER NATIUE LANGS", "S
AMER NATIUE LONGS" ."OTHER LANGS"

10 REM PROGRAM TO CREATE SC SEQ LIST 5
20 OIM $C$< 100 >

30 Df = CHRf ( 4 >

40 FOR I = 1 TO 100: REAO SCf< I >1 NEXT
50 PRINT Df ;"0PEN SC SEQ LIST 5"

60 PRINT Df; "WRITE SC SEQ LIST 5"

70 FOR I = 1 TO 100: PRINT SCfCl >: NEXT
80 PRINT Of ; "CLOSE"

100 DATA "PURE SCIENCES", "PHILOSOPHY Z, THEORY' ."MISC" ."DICTIONARIES Z, EN

CV","* "

110 OATA "SERIAL PUBS" ."ORAN I ZAT IONS" ."STUOV K TEACHING" . "TRAUEL t SURUE
VS". "HISTORICAL & GEOG TREATMENT"

120 OATA "MATHEMATICS". "GENERALITIES". "ALGEBRA", "ARITHMETIC". "TOPOLOGY"
130 DATA "ANALYSIS". "GEOMETRY","* "."* "."PROBABILITIES IF APPLIED MATH-
140 OATA "ASTRONOMY Z< ALLIED SC I "."THEORETICAL ASTRONOMY "."PRACTICAL l S
PHERTCAL ASTRONOMY", "DESCRIPTIUE ASTRONOMY" ,"* "

246

March 1983 c Creative Computing

For Line Surge Suppression

The SYSTEM SAVER provides es-
I sential protection to hardware and
I data from dangerous power surges
I and spikes.

SYSTEM SAVER / t

APPLE H /

By connecting the Apple II
I power input through the SYSTEM
I SAVER, power is controlled in two
ways: 1) Dangerous voltage spikes
I are clipped off at a safe 130 Volts
RMS/175 Volts dc level. 2) High fre-
quency noise is smoothed out be-
fore reaching the Apple II A PI type
filter attenuates common mode
noise signals by a minimum of
30 dB from 600 khz to 20 mhz, with
a maximum attenuation of 50 dB.

For Cooling

As soon as you move to 64K RAM
or 80 columns on your Apple II you
need SYSTEM SAVER.

Today's advanced peripheral
cards generate more heat. In addi-
tion, the cards block any natural air
flow through the Apple II creating
high temperature conditions that
substantially reduce the life of the
cards and the computer itself.

SYSTEM SAVER provides cor-
rect cooling. An efficient, quiet fan
draws fresh air across the mother
board, over the power supply and
out the side ventilation slots.

For Operating Efficiency

SYSTEM SAVER contains two
switched power outlets As shown
in the diagram, the SYSTEM
SAVER efficiently organizes your
system so that one convenient,
front mounted
power switch
controls SYSTEM
SAVER, Apple n,
monitor and printer.

POWER

The heavy duty switch has a
pilot light to alert when system is
on You’ll never use the Apple power
switch again!

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to Apple II

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Suggested Retail $QQ95
One Year Warranty O w

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(212) 486-7707

KENSINGTON

MICROWARE

CIRCLE 190 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Library Catalog, continued...

and the number of records stored in
record zero is decreased by one. A
message is printed to the screen when
the disk is emptied of catalog data.

H1MEM is changed during the run-
ning of this routine, as in the Enter
routine, for reasons given below.

Catalog List, Catalog Borrow,

And Catalog Bookshelf

Catalog List (Listing 4) is provided
for those times when you don’t really
know what book you want, but would
just like to browse through your col-
lection. The only information pro-
vided here is the title and author, as the
listing is scrolled on the screen.

Catalog Borrow (Listing 5) presents
two options. A selection is made by
listing either all books out on loan or
all books on loan to a given person.
The key upon which this search is
made is byte 96 of each record. If this
byte is 0 the book should be on the
shelf, and if it is 1 the book is out on
loan.

Catalog Bookshelf (Listing 6) is the
first routine that must be run when the
Library Catalog program is used for
the first time. The Enter routine will
not permit a book to be entered on a
non-existent shelf.

The menu presented by this routine
offers a choice of new shelf entry, shelf
removal, directory of all existing
shelves, and ending shelf operations.
For shelf entry the information re-
quired is the shelf ID, the tallest book
the shelf can accommodate — in the
form S-short, N-normal, T-tall — and
a short free-form description of where
the shelf is. This description is placed
in the directory for later reference.
Only the usual commas and quotation
marks are prohibited from this
statement.

The routine checks for the proper
ID format, i.e.. Letter Letter Number;
existence of a shelf prior to its
removal; and duplication of a shelf ID
prior to the addition of a new shelf.
The routine currently allows 200
shelves, but this can be changed by
modifying statement 50. The last
operation the Borrow routine does
prior to running Master is to alpha-
betize the shelf ID listing and restore
it to the SHELF text file.

Program Particulars Data

The format for the book record file
is shown in Table 2. Programmers are
encouraged to modify this program to
fit the more particular needs of their
own library, but care must be taken,
such as allowing space in the file for
returns and possible variability of data
length. As explained above, the pro-
gram looks for certain data at given

150 DATA "EARTH (ASTRO GEGG )" ."MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY" ."CELESTIAL NAUIGA
TTON"."EPHEMERIOES (NAUTICAL ALMANACS >" . "CHRONOLOGY (TIME)"

160 OATH "PHYSICS". "MECHANICS". -MECHANICS OF FLU IDS** . "MECHANICS OF OASES
" ."SOUND % RELATED UIBPATIONS"

1/0 DATA "LIGHT % PARAPHOTIC PHENOM" ."HEAT" ."ELECTRICITY t ELECTRONICS".
"MAGNET ISM" ."MODERN PHVS ICS"

180 nATA "CHEN * ALL I E0 SCIENCES" ."PHVST CAL t THEORETICAL C HEM" ."LABS- A
PPARATUS- EOUPT","ANAl VTICAL CHEH" , "QUALITATIVE CHEH"

190 DATA "QUANT CHEM" . " INORGANIC CHEM" . "ORGANIC CHEH" . "CRVSTALLOGRAPHV" .
"MINERALOGY"

200 DATA "SCIENCES OF EARTH & OTHER H0RL0S" . "GEOLOGY- ME TE0R0L0GV- HVORO
LOGV" . "PETROL OGV < ROCKS >" ."ECONOMIC GE0L0GV" , "TREATMENT IN EUROPE"

210 DATA "TREATMENT IN ASIA" . "TREATMENT IN AFRICA" . "TREATMENT IN N AMER"
."TREATMENT IN S AMER" . "TREATMENT IN OTHER AREAS & HORLOS"

220 DATA " PALE ONTOLGV" ."PALEOBOTANY" . "FOSSIL IN"ERTEBRATES" ."FSL PROTOZO
A* OTHER SIMP ANHLS" ."FOSSIL MOLLUSC A * M0LLUSC0IPEA"

230 DATA "OTHER FOSSIL I NUERTEBRATES" ."FOSSIL CHOROATA" ."FOSSIL C0LD-BL0
DDED UERTEBRATES", "FOSSIL AUES (BIRDS )" .“FOSSIL MAMMALIA"

240 DATA "LIFE SCIENCES"."* "."HUMAN RACES" ."PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY" ."BIO
LOGY"

250 OATH "ORGANIC EUOLUriON & GENETICS" . "MICROBES" ."GEN NATURE OF LIFE".

"MICROSCOPY IN BIO". "COLL fcPRES OF SPCMNS"

260 DATA "BOTANICAL SCIENCES" ."BOTANY" ."SPERMATOPMYTA" ."01 COTYLEDONES" ."

MONOCOTVLEDONES"

2?0 DATA "GVMNOSPERMAE " . "CRYPTOGAMI A" . "PTERIDOPHYTA" . "BRVOPHYTA" . "THALLO
PHYTA"

280 DATA "ZOOLOGICAL SC IENCES", "ZOOLOGY" ." I NUERTEBRATES" ."PROTOZOA * OTH
ER SIMPLE ANIMALS". "MOLLUSCA AND HOLLU8COIOEB"

290 DATA "OTHER IN* €RTEBRATF.S" ."CHOROATA" ."COLO BLOODED "ERTEBRATES" ."AU

ES (BIROS)", "MAMMA! 1A“

10 REM PROGRAM 10 CREATE SC SEQ LIST 6
20 DIM SC#< 10A )

30 Of = CHRt < 4 >

a.0 FOR I = 1 TO 100: READ SC$( I >s NEXT
50 PRINT 0$»"0PEN SC SEQ LIST 6"

S0 PRINT 0$> "WRITE SC SEQ LIST 6"

70 FOR T * 1 TO 100: PRINT SCt( I >: NEXT
80 PRINT Of > "CLOSE"

100 DATA "TECHNOLOGY 'APPLIED SCIENCE "PHILOSOPHY & THEORY" ."MISC" ,"DI
CTIONARIES & ENCYCLOS". "GENERAL TECHNO! OblES"

110 DATA "SERIAL PUBS" . "ORGANIZATIONS L MANAGEMENT "."STUOV L TEACHING","
INDENTIONS t PATENTS", "HISTORICAL £ GE0G TREATMENT"

120 DATA "ME0ICAL SCI - MEDICINE" , "HUMAN ANATOMY- CYTOLOGY- TISSUES", "HU
MAN PHYSIOLOGY" ."GENERAL PERSONAL HYG I NE ", "PUBLIC HEALTH & RELATED
TOPICS"

130 0ATA "PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPUT ICS" ."DISEASES" ."SURGERY & RELATE0 TOPI
CS" ."OTHEP BRANCHES OF MEDICINE" . "EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE "

140 DATA "ENGINEERING & ALLIED OPERATIONS" ."APPLIED PHYSICS" ."MINING L R
ELATED 0P$" ."MILITARY ? NAUTICAL ENG","CIUIL ENG"

150 DATA "RR'S- POAOS- HIGHMAVS","* " , “HY0PAULIC ENG" ."SANITARY t MUNICI
PPL ENG", "OTHEP BRANCHES "

160 DATA "AGRICULTURE & RELATED TECHS" ."CROPS K THEIR PRODUCTION" , "PLANT
INJURIES- DISEASES- PESTS". "FIELD CROPS" , "ORCHAROS- FRUITS- FORESTRY

170 DATA "GAROEN CROPS- UEGETA6LES" ."ANIMAL HUSBANDRY" ."DAIRY t RELATED
TECHS". "INSECT CULTURE ", "NONDUMEST I C ANTMALS * PLANTS"

180 DATA "HOME EC & FAMILY LINING" ."FOOO l DRINK", "MEAL l TABLE SERUICE"
."HOUSING t HOUSEHOLD EQU I P" , "HOUSEHOLD UTILITIES"

190 DATA "FUPNISHING & DECORATING HOME" ."SEMI NG- CLOTHING L PERSONAL LIU
ING". "PUBLIC HOUSEHOLDS". "HOUSEKEEPING", "CHILD REARING t CARE OF SICK

200 OATA "M6MT & AUX SERU ICES", "OFF ICE SERUICES" ."HRITTEN COMMUN PROCESS
ES"," SHORTHAND","* "

210 DATA "* "."ACCOUNTING", "GENERAL MGMT" , "AOUERTISING Sc PR"

2?8 DATA "CHEMICAL l RELATED TECHNOLOGIES" ." INOUSTR I AL CHEMICALS" ."EXPLS
"ES- FUELS- RLTD PRODS" ."BE* €RAGE TECH", "FOOD TECH"

230 DATA " INDSTL 01 LS-FATS-MAXES-GASES" . "CERAMIC Sc ALLIED TECHS" . "CLEAN I
NG-COLOR- OTHER TECHS" ."OTHER ORGANIC PRODUCTS" . "METALLURGY"

240 DATA "MANUFACTURES", "HETAL MANUFACTURES" , "FERROUS METALS MAN" , "NONFE
RROUS METALS MAN" ."LUMBER- CORK- MOOD TECHS"

250 DATA "LEATHER l FUR TECHS", "PULP * PAPER TECH", "TEXTILES". "ELASTOMER
S S THEIR PRODUCTS", "OTHER PRODUCTS OF SPECIFIC MATLS"

2G0 DATA "MANUFACTURE FOR SPECIFIC USES" . "PRECISION Sc OTHER INSTRUMENTS"
."SMALL FORGE MURK " , " HARDMARE " HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES" ."FURNISHINGS Sc
HOME WORKSHOPS"

270 OATA "LEATHER Sc FUR GOODS" ."PRINTING S« RELATEO ACTIUITIES", "CLOTHING
"."OTHER FINHL PRODS S PACKAGING","* "

280 DATA "BUILDINGS", "BUILDING MATLS", "AUX CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES" , "CONS
TRUCTION IN SPECIFIC MATLS". "HOOD CONST- CARPENTRY"

290 DATA "ROOFING", "UTILITIES", "HUAC". "DETAIL FINISHING","* "

1 0 REM PROGRAM TO CREATE SC SEQ LIST 7
20 DIM SC$< 100 >

30 Df = UHR$ (4>

40 £0R I * 1 TO 100: READ SC#( I ): NEXT

50 PRINT D* i "OPEN SC SEQ LIST 7"

60 PRINT "WRITE SC SEQ LIST 7"

248

March 1983 c Creative Computing

WL

hether you already own an IBM Personal Computer
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Library Catalog, continued...

byte locations in the file, and changes
will destroy the input.

Increasing Search Speed

In working with strings, one char-
acteristic that the Apple has that can
become annoying is the stockpiling
of “old" strings after they have been
updated. As described on page 53 of
the Applesoft manual, if the title
variable TL$= WAR AND PEACE
one time and GRIMM’S FAIRY
TALES the next, the string WAR
AND PEACE remains in the attic of
memory, and GRIMM’S is placed
below it.

As dozens of strings with book
information are manipulated and
compared, the available memory con-
stantly decreases until string storage
runs into program and array storage
which is working its way up from the
basement. Old strings can be cleared
away periodically in a program with
the statement X = FRE(0), or the
machine will do the job itself when the
available memory is depleted.

With the large number of strings
that the Enter and Search programs
require for the catalog classification
data (approximately I5K bytes) the
housekeeping, which examines all
strings in memory, can take almost

two minutes. I found it very discon-
certing during a search to listen to the
hum of the disk drive looking for the
desired book only to have the whole
process stop dead while the machine
cleaned house.

The solution to this problem is
found in the way the Apple treats the
strings. String storage starts at
HI MEM and works down towards the
program and array storage area. The
Enter and Search routines have been
structured so that the 1000 strings of
catalog classification data are read
in at the beginning of the routines,
filling the space below the original
setting of HI MEM, 38400 ($9600).
Recall that as ghown on the memory
map in the DOS manual the memory
between the top of a 48K machine,
49151 (SBFFF) and 38400 ($9600) is
lost to DOS use.

After the Enter and Search routines
load the catalog classifications,
HI MEM is set at 20000 ($4 E20), leav-
ing only a few thousand locations
available for the new strings that are
entered and manipulated. This is
ample room, but only requires tenths
of a second for the Apple to house-
clean when the need arises. Moving
HI MEM down has eliminated the
unnecessary search through the cata-

log classification data strings during
each housecleaning. Prior to running
the Master program, HIMEM is once
again set to the original value.

Entering Catalog Classification Data

The heart of the catalog classifica-
tion routine is the selection process
from the 1000 subcategories of the
Dewey Decimal System. The informa-
tion required for this classification is
stored in ten subcategory sequential
data files, for example, SC SEQ LIST
3. These files can be created from the
programs shown in Listing 7. The use
of a file editor such as EDASM in the
Applesoft Tool Kit greatly simplifies
correction and entering of these files.
The subcategory information is writ-
ten in abbreviated form to reduce
memory requirements.

Key Parameters

Table 2 lists the major parameters
used in the program. As far as possible
the names have been carried through
from one routine to another to sim-
plify the debugging process.

Modifying The Program

This program has been structured to
enable you to modify easily the input
and output to suit your special needs.

Table 1. Record Structure For LIBREC-120 .

Record

Record

Number

Byte

Contents

Number

Byte

Contents

0

0-As

NR, the number of book records

87

Return

l-NR

Required

0-39

contained in the file on this disk.

88-90

Shelf location, three-character

Book title. Forty characters are
retained. Blanks are inserted if

code.

title length is less than 40

91

Return

40

characters.

92

Book height, S, N, T.

Return

93

Return

41-80

Book author(s). Forty characters
are retained. Slashes (/) separate

94

Number of authors.

individual names on multi-author
books. Blanks are added as re-

95

Return

quired to fill out to 40 characters.

96

Borrow status, 0 = on shelf, 1 = out

81

Return

on loan.

82

Book type; N= nonfiction, F=
fiction.

97

Return

83

Return

98-1 12

Borrower’s name, last/ first name.
Fifteen characters, blanks added
as required.

84-86

Catalog number. Nonfiction

books are filed under Dewey

1 13

Return

Decimal System, fiction books by
a three-digit number based on

1 14-1 19

Unused; saved for future use by

type.

individual programmer.

250

March 1983 e Creative Computing

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Library Catalog, continued...

Subroutines are used extensively for
searching, data entry checking, and
result presentation, localizing the
areas that must be examined if changes
are to be made. Space has been left on
the book record file so that you may
easily add other information that you
desire to file, such as publication or

acquisition date for each book.

With the advent of megabyte
capacity hard disks for use with per-
sonal computers such as the Apple
the necessity of using multiple disks
for book data storage will disappear.
•This program will then be suitable for
use with much larger libraries.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the reference
librarians at the Monroeville, PA
Public Library for their help in obtain-
ing the listing of the Dewey Decimal
System classifications and in teaching
me some of the particulars of cata-
loguing books. □

Table 2

S$ Subcategory digit of catalog number

Key Parameters Used In Library Catalog Program

AU$, AU$( )

Author last name, array for storing
author's name between WRITE com-
mands

BC

Counter for books. Calls for disk
WRITE command when BC=DC

BLS

String of 40 blanks, used to pad title and
author strings

BN$

Book borrower name, 15 characters.
Last/ First Name

BS

Borrow status, 0 = book on shelf; 1 = out
on loan

C$

Category digit of catalog number

CN$, CNS( )

Catalog number, array for catalog num-
ber; three characters

DC

Limit on number of cycles between
WRITE commands in Enter. Set at 5 in
line 80.

DD

Counter for disks containing book data

DN

Number of disks containing book data

DV

Division digit of catalog number

ER

Error code, found in PEEK(222)

FC

Catalog number for fiction books

HI

Flag for success on search, 0 = no suc-
cess; 1 = success

LC$, LC$( )

Location ID code, array for storing ID
codes

MT

Flag for error routine, 0 if error due to
no book data on file, 1 if disk full or
other error

NA, NA( )

Number of authors of book entered.
Limited to five for single book, array to
store NA

NS

Number of shelves on file in shelf
directory

RN

Number of records on a data disk. RN is
stored in the zeroth record of LIBREC-
120.

sc$

Array containing all catalog classifica-
tion data

SZ$, SZS(

)

Book height, array for storing book
height

TLS, TL$(

)

Book title, array for storing TL5

TPS, TP$(

)

Book type, fiction or nonfiction, array
for storing TPS

WF

Flag for book fit on shelf; 0 = book will
fit, 1 = book too tall for shelf

Additional Parameters Used In Search

AS

On author search, used to check for
name divider (/) or end of last author's
name (blank)

AAS

On author search, author's name

AHS

On author search, author's name as
read from LIBREC-120 file

AM$( )

Array of author's namesfrom LIBREC-
1 20 file, for books with multiple authors

AN

Counter for number of authors found
on LIBREC-120 file for books with
multiple authors

MOD

Flag for MODIFY use of Search rou-
tine, 0 = title, author, subject search;
1 = modify record

NM$( )

Array to store names of authors in
search list

NN

Number of authors in search list

SP

Parameter used to pad the search cata-
log number to three digits, if necessary

TE

Flag, 0 = no book found; 1 = book found

Additional Parameters Used In Bookshelf

DC$( ) Array for storing free-form description

of shelf locations.

252

March 1983 e Creative Computing

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Library Catalog, continued...

70 FOR I = 1 TO 100: PRINT SC*< I ): NEXT
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100 OOTQ -THE PRTS". "PHILOSOPHY *• THEORY" ."MISC" ."OICTIONfiRIES *, ENCLVCL

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110 DPTP "SERIPL PUBS" , "0R8RNIZRTI0NS t MGMT", "STUDY * TEACHING" . "GALLER
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120 DHTM "CIUIC t LANDSCAPE PRT" » "PREP PLANNING tCIUIC PRT >" . "LPNOSCPPE
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OF CEMETARIES", "NATURAL LANDSCAPES"

140 OPTP "ARCHITECTURE". "ARCH CONSTRUCTION", "ANCIENT Sc ORIENTPL ARCH","M
pniPUGi oprw" "HnfiFPtj uPf rf"

150 OPTP "PUBLIC STRUCTURES" . "BUILD I MBS FOR RELI6 PURPOSES" ."BUILDINGS F
OR ED" ."RESIDENTIAL BLDGS" , "DESIGN PECORPTION"

160 DPTP "PLPSTIC PRTS- SCULPTURE" . "PROCESSES t REPRESENTATIONS" . "NONL IT
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180 DPTP "0RAHIN6- DECORPTIUE- HI NOR ARTS" ."DRAWING % 0RAMIN6S" ."PERSPEC
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190 OPTP "DECORPTIUE MINOR ARTS" ."TEXTILE PRTS %. HPNOICRPFTS" ."INTER 10
R DECOR", "6LASS". "FURNITURE t PCCESSORIFS"

>00 OPTP "PRINTING * PRINTINGS "."PROCESSES l FORMS" ."COLOR" ."PBSTRPCT ION
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210 OPTP "RELIGION t RELIGIOUS SYMBOLISM" ."HI STOR I CPL EUENTS" . "HUMPH FI6
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>20 OPTP "GRPPHIC PRTS- PRINTS" ."RELIEF PROCESSES"."* " ."LITHOGRPPHIC PR
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250 DPTP "* ","* "."* "."SPECIFIC FIELDS OF- PHOTOG" ."PHOTOGRPPHS"

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March 1983 e Creative Computing

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10 REM PROGRAM TO CREATE SC SEO LIST 9
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70 FOR I = 1 TO 100: PRINT SC* I >: NEXT
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100 DATA "GENERAL GEOG fc HIST", “PHIL OF GFN HIST","MISC OF GEN HISTORY",
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110 DATA "SERIALS ON GEN HIST" , "ORGANIZATIONS OF GEN HIST", “STUDY t TEAC
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120 DATA "GENERAL GEOG- TRAUEL“ , "HISTORICAL GEOG" ."GRAPHIC REPRESENTATIO
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130 DATA "ASIA", "AFRICA", "N AMERICA", “S AMERICA" ," OTHER AREAS & WORLDS"
140 DATA "GEN BIOGRAPHY C< GENEALOGY ", "BIOGRAPHY A-C ", "BIOGRAPHY D-F ",
"BIOGRAPHY G-I ", "BIOGRAPHY J-L "

150 DATA "BIOGRAPHV M-0 "."BIOGRAPHY P-S " ."BIOGRAPHY T-U "."BIOGRAPHY W
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160 DATP "GEN HIST OF ANCIENT WORLD" ."CHINA" ."EGYPT" ."PALESTINE" ."INOI A"

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A FINE SELECTION OF BOOKS ON

COMPUTERS LOGO: AN INTRODUCTION KATIE AND THE

FOR KIDS By p r j. 0 a | e Burnett COMPUTER

By Sally Greenwood Larsen Logo is the computer language that's sweeping the country with its By Fred D'lgnazio

Computers for Kids is written for simple "turtle geometry" method of learning computer literacy. It offers and Stan Gilliam

the elementary-age child who is immediate control of computers to even very young children And Logo

fascinated by computers but put off Art Introduction is the beginner's guide that makes learning Logo fun!

by the reading level of most pro- Easy to read and written in simple terms, the book helps the computer

gramming books Published in five novice create geometric sha